Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
God is He who raised the heavens without pillars that you can see, and then settled on the Throne. And He regulated the sun and the moon, each running for a specifiedperiod. He manages all affairs, and He explains the signs, that you may be certain of the meeting with your Lord.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Compare translations (4)Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
Allah it is Who raised up the heavens without visible supports, then mounted the Throne, and compelled the sun and the moon to be of service, each runneth unto an appointed term; He ordereth the course; He detaileth the revelations, that haply ye may be certain of the meeting with your Lord
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
God it is who has raised the heavens without columns that ye can see; then He made for the throne, and subjected the sun and the moon; each one runs on to a stated and appointed time; He governs the affair, details the signs;- haply of the meeting with your Lord ye will be sure
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
It is God who hath reared the Heavens without pillars thou canst behold; then mounted his throne, and imposedlaws on the sun and moon: each travelleth to its appointed goal. He ordereth all things. He maketh his signs clear, that ye may have firmfaith in a meeting with your Lord
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
It is God who hath raised the heavens without visible pillars; and then ascended his throne, and compelled the sun and the moon to perform their services: Every of the heavenlybodies runneth an appointed course. He ordereth all things. He sheweth his signs distinctly, that ye may be assured ye must meet your Lord at the lastday
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Allahu është Ai që ngriti qiejt pa shtylla që mund t'i shihni e pastaj u ngrit mbi Arsh. Ai nënshtroi Diellin dhe Hënën, të cilat lundrojnë për një kohë të caktuar. Ai drejton çështjet dhe i shpjegon hollësisht shenjat, në mënyrë që të bindeni se do ta takoni Zotin tuaj.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
আল্লাহই সেই সত্তা, যিনি আকাশসমূহকে স্তম্ভ ছাড়াই উত্তোলন করেছেন, যেমনটি তোমরা দেখছ। তারপর তিনি আরশের ওপর উঠেছেন। আর তিনি সূর্য ও চন্দ্রকে (তাঁর সৃষ্টির উপকারের জন্য নির্দিষ্ট বিধানের) অনুগত করেছেন। এর প্রত্যেকটি নির্দিষ্ট সময় পর্যন্ত চলবে। তিনি সবকিছু পরিচালনা করেন। তিনি (তাঁর ক্ষমতার প্রমাণ বহনকারী) নিদর্শনসমূহ বিস্তারিতভাবে বর্ণনা করেন, যাতে তোমাদের রবের সাক্ষাতের ব্যাপারে তোমরা দৃঢ়বিশ্বাসী হতে পার।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Allah je nebesa, vidite ih, bez stubova podigao, i onda se nad Aršom uzvisio, i Sunce i Mjesec potčinio; svako se kreće do roka određenog. On upravlja svim i potanko izlaže dokaze kako biste u susret s Gospodarom svojim čvrsto bili uvjereni.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Allah je nebesa, vidite ih, bez stubova podigao, i onda se nad Aršom uzvisio, i Sunce i Mjesec podčinio; sve se kreće do roka određenog. On upravlja svim i potanko izlaže dokaze kako biste u susret s Gospodarom svojim čvrsto bili uvjereni.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Ko Alla woni ɓamtuɗo kammuuli ɗin doose ɗe on nji'ataa. refti O fotondiri ka dow 'Arshi, O elti naange ngeen e lewru ndun: kala majji no doga haa e lajal innaangal. Hino toppitoo fiyaakuuji ɗin, Homo fensita aayeeje ɗeen belejo'o on njanante kawwroygol e Joomi mon.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
ალლაჰი – არის იგი, ვინც ზეცები აღამაღლა [შვიდი ზეცა] სვეტების გარეშე, როგორც ხედავთ. შემდეგ ამაღლდა 'არშზე (როგორც ეს მხოლოდ მის სიდიადეს შეშვენის) და დაიმორჩილა მზე და მთვარე: თითოეული მათგანი [მზე და მთვარე] მოძრაობს დანიშნულ ვადამდე [განკითხვის დღემდე, როდესაც ეს სამყარო არსებობას შეწყვეტს]. ის განაგებს [ყოველივე არსებულის საქმეებს] (თავისი სიბრძნისამებრ), ხსნის (ხალხისთვის) (თავის) ნიშნებს (რომლებიც მიუთითებს მის ძალასა და იმაზე, რომ მხოლოდ ის არის ჭეშმარიტი ღმერთი), რათა დარწმუნდეთ თქვენს უფალთან შეხვედრაში!
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Allah ist es, Der die Himmel ohne Stützen, die ihr sehen könnt(et), emporgehoben hat und Sich hierauf über den Thron erhob. Und Er hat die Sonne und den Mond dienstbar gemacht - jedes läuft auf eine festgesetzte Frist. Er regelt die Angelegenheit, (und) er legt die Zeichen ausführlich dar, auf dass ihr von der Begegnung mit eurem Herrn Gewissheit habet.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Ο Αλλάχ είναι Αυτός που ύψωσε τους ουρανούς χωρίς στύλους (όπως) τους βλέπετε, και έπειτα ανέβηκε πάνω από τον Θρόνο (με τρόπο που ταιριάζει στη Μεγαλοπρέπειά Του). Υπέταξε τον ήλιο και τη σελήνη (για τα συμφέροντά σας), και το καθένα τους τρέχει (στην πορεία του) για ένα ορισμένο χρόνο. Διευθετεί (ο Αλλάχ) όλες τις υποθέσεις (όπως θέλει) και εξηγεί λεπτομερώς τα Σημάδια (που δείχνουν τη Δύναμή Του), μήπως και να είστε σίγουροι για τη συνάντηση με τον Κύριό σας (στη Μέλλουσα Ζωή).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
अल्लाह वह है, जिसने आकाशों को बिना स्तंभों के ऊँचा किया, जिन्हें तुम देखते हो। फिर वह अर्श (सिंहासन) पर बुलंद हुआ। तथा सूरज और चाँद को वशीभूत किया। प्रत्येक एक नियत समय के लिए चल रहा है। वह हर काम की व्यवस्था करता है। वह निशानियों को विस्तार से बयान करता है, ताकि तुम अपने पालनहार से मिलने का विश्वास कर लो।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
Allāh è Colui che innalzò i cieli senza colonne visibili, poi s’adagiò sul Trono e asservì il sole e la luna, e ognuno di essi orbita per un certo tempo. Dispone gli ordini e chiarisce i Segni, perché siate certi dell’incontro col vostro Dio.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
2. Allahas yra Tas, Kuris iškėlė dangus be jokių jums matomų ramsčių. Tada Jis iškilo virš (istava) Sosto (iš tikrųjų, tokiu būdu, kuris pritinka Jo Didybei). Tada jis pavergė saulę ir mėnulį (tęsti sukimąsi), kiekvieną besitęsiantį (savame kelyje) nustatytą terminą. Jis vadovauja ir reguliuoja visus reikalus. Jis smulkiai paaiškina Ajat (įrodymus, įkalčius, eilutes, pamokas, ženklus, apreiškimus ir t.t.) tam, kad jūs užtikrintai patikėtumėte susitikimu su savo Viešpačiu.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8
Afaan Oromoo · Oromo
Rabbiin Isa samii (torban) utubaa malee olfuudhe (uumeedha); isin ishee ni agartu. eegasii Arshii irratti (akka Isaaf maluun) ol ta’e. Aduufi baatiis ni laaffise, Hundinuu hanga beellama murtaa’eetti yaa’u, amrii gara gaggalcha. mallattoolee addaan baasa Akka isin qunnamuu Rabbii keessanii mirkaneeffattaniif jecha.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Аллах — Тот, Кто воздвиг небеса без опор, которые вы видите. Затем Он вознёсся на Трон и подчинил солнце и луну — каждое [из них] движется до назначенного срока. Он управляет делами и разъясняет знамения, — быть может, вы убедитесь во встрече с вашим Господом.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Аллах је небеса, видите их, подигао без стубова, и онда се узвисио над Престољем, и потчинио Сунце и Месец; свако се креће до одређеног рока. Он свиме управља и потанко излаже доказе како бисте у сусрет са својим Господаром били чврсто уверени.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Mwenyezi Mungu ndiye aliyeziinua juu mbingu bila ya nguzo mnazoziona, kisha akainuka akawa juu ya Kiti cha Enzi, na akatiisha jua na mwezi, kila kimoja kinakwenda kwa muda maalumu. Anaendesha mambo, na anazipambanua Ishara kwa kina ili mpate kuwa na yakini ya kukutana na Mola wenu Mlezi.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Gud är den som reste himlarna utan synligt stöd, och därefter höjde han sig över tronen. Han har underordnat solen och månen; var och en löper till en bestämd tidpunkt. Han styr allt och han klargör tecknen för att ni ska få visshet om mötet med er Herre.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Allah, gökleri gördüğünüz gibi herhangi bir direk olmadan yükselten, sonra Arş’a istiva eden, Güneş'e de Ay'a da emrine boyun eğdirendir. Bunların hepsi belli bir zamana kadar akıp gitmektedir. O, her işi yerli yerince düzenler, ayetleri ayrı ayrı açıklar ki, Rabbinize kavuşacağınıza kesin olarak iman edesiniz.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
اللہ وه ہے جس نے آسمانوں کو بغیر ستونوں کے بلند کر رکھا ہے کہ تم اسے دیکھ رہے ہو۔ پھر وه عرش پر قرار پکڑے ہوئے ہے[1] ، اسی نے سورج اور چاند کو ماتحتی میں لگا رکھا ہے۔ ہر ایک میعاد معین پر گشت کر رہا ہے[2]، وہی کام کی تدبیر کرتا ہے وه اپنے نشانات کھول کھول کر بیان کر رہا ہے کہ تم اپنے رب کی ملاقات کا یقین کر لو.
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
DIN 31635ʾalif lām mīm rā tilka ʾāyātu l-kitābi wallaḏī ʾunzila ʾilayka min rabbika l-ḥaqqu walākinna ʾakṯara n-nāsi lā yuʾminūna
Talal Itani2012 Alif, Lam, Meem, Ra. These are the signs of the Scripture. What is revealed to you from your Lord is the truth, but most people do not believe.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Alif. Lam. Mim. Ra. These are verses of the Scripture. That which is revealed unto thee from thy Lord is the Truth, but most of mankind believe not
Edward Henry Palmer1880 A. L. M. R. Those are the signs of the Book, and that which is sent down to thee from thy Lord is the truth; but most people will not believe
John Medows Rodwell1861 ELIF. LAM. MIM. RA. These, the signs of the Book! And that which hath been sent down to thee from thy Lord is the very truth: But the greater part of men will not believe
George Sale1734 AL. M. R. These are the signs of the book of the Koran: And that which hath been sent down unto thee from thy Lord, is the truth; but the greater part of men will not believe
Talal Itani2012 And it is He who spread the earth, and placed in it mountains and rivers. And He placed in it two kinds of every fruit. He causes the night to overlap the day. In that are signs for people who reflect.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And He it is Who spread out the earth and placed therein firm hills and flowing streams, and of all fruits He placed therein two spouses (male and female). He covereth the night with the day. Lo! herein verily are portents for people who take thought
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And He it is who has stretched out the earth and placed therein firm mountains and rivers, and of every fruit has He placed therein two kinds. He makes the night cover the day;- verily, in that are signs unto a people who reflect
John Medows Rodwell1861 And He it is who hath outstretched the earth, and placed on it the firm mountains, and rivers: and of every fruit He hath placed on it two kinds: He causeth the night to enshroud the day. Verily in this are signs for those who reflect
George Sale1734 It is He who hath stretched forth the earth, and placed therein stedfast mountains, and rivers; and hath ordained therein of every fruit two different kinds. He causeth the night to cover the day. Herein are certain signs unto people who consider
Talal Itani2012 On earth are adjacent terrains, and gardens of vines, and crops, and date-palms, from the same root or from distinct roots, irrigated with the same water. We make some taste better than others. In that are proofs for people who reason.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And in the Earth are neighbouring tracts, vineyards and ploughed lands, and date-palms, like and unlike, which are watered with one water. And we have made some of them to excel others in fruit. Lo! herein verily are portents for people who have sense
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And on the earth are neighbouring portions, and gardens of grapes and corn and palms growing together (from one root) and not growing together; they are watered with one water, yet we distinguish one over the other as food;- verily, in that are signs unto a people who have sense
John Medows Rodwell1861 And on the earth hard by each other are its various portions: gardens of grapes and corn, and palm trees single or clustered. Though watered by the same water, yet some make we more excellent as food than other: Verily in all this are signs for those who understand
George Sale1734 And in the earth are tracts of land of different natures, though bordering on each other; and also vineyards, and seeds, and palm-trees springing several from the same root, and singly from distinct roots. They are watered with the same water, yet We render some of them more excellent than others to eat. Herein are surely signs unto people who understand
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.62 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.68
Talal Itani · George Sale0.68
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.64
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.63
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.63
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.62
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.62
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.60
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.56
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.53
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
Sources, editions and licences for everything above
ReceiptsSource fact
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.