Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
They ask you about the crescents. Say, "They are timetables for people, and for the Hajj." It is not virtuous that you approachhomes from their backs, but virtue is to be pious. So approachhomes from their doors, and observe God, that you may succeed.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Compare translations (4)Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
They ask thee, (OMuhammad), of new moons, say: They are fixed seasons for mankind and for the pilgrimage. It is not righteousness that ye go to houses by the backs thereof (as do the idolaters at certain seasons), but the righteousman is he who wardeth off (evil). So go to houses by the gates thereof, and observe your duty to Allah, that ye may be successful
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
They will ask thee about the phases of the moon; say, 'They are indications of time for men and for the pilgrimage.' And it is not righteousness that ye should enter into your houses from behind them, but righteousness is he who fears; so enter into your houses by the doors thereof and fear God; haply ye may prosper yet
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
They will ask thee of the new moons. SAY: They are periods fixed for man'sservice and for the Pilgrimage. There is no piety in entering your houses at the back, but pietyconsists in the fear of God. Enter your houses then by their doors; and fear God that it may be well with you
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
They will ask thee concerning the phases of the moon: Answer, they are times appointed unto men, and to shew the season of the pilgrimage to Mecca. It is not righteousness that ye enter your houses by the back parts thereof, but righteousness is of him who feareth God. Therefore enter your houses by their doors; and fear God, that ye may be happy
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Të pyesin (o Muhamed) për fazat e hënës, thuaju: "Ato janë për njerëzit shenja për përcaktimin e kohës dhe haxhit." Nuk është mirësi të hyni në shtëpi nga mbrapa, por mirësi është të keni frikë Allahun. Andaj, hyni në shtëpi nga dyert e veta dhe kijeni frikë Allahun, që të shpëtoni.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
লোকেরা তোমার কাছে নতুন চাঁদ সম্পর্কে প্রশ্ন করে। বলো: ‘এটা (২৭) মানুষ এবং হজ্জের জন্য সময় নির্দেশক।’ আর ঘরের পিছন দিক দিয়ে প্রবেশ করাতে কোন সাওয়াব নেই; বরং সাওয়াব তো রয়েছে ঐ ব্যক্তির জন্যে, যে তাকওয়া অবলম্বন করে। সুতরাং তোমরা দরজা দিয়ে ঘরে প্রবেশ করো এবং তোমরা আল্লাহকে ভয় করো, যাতে তোমরা সফলকাম হতে পারো।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Pitaju te o mlađacima. Reci: "Oni su ljudima oznake za vrijeme i hadž." I nije dobročinstvo u tome da sa stražnje strane u kuće ulazite, nego je pravo dobročinstvo ono što čini onaj koji se Allaha boji. U kuće ulazite na vrata njihova i Allaha se bojte da biste uspjeli.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Pitaju te o mlađacima. Reci: "Oni su ljudima oznake za vrijeme i hadž." I nije dobročinstvo u tome da sa stražnje strane u kuće ulazite, nego je pravo dobročinstvo ono što čini onaj koji se Allaha boji. U kuće ulazite na vrata njihova i Allaha se bojte da biste uspjeli.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Hiɓe naamno maa fii darorɗe lebbi, wi'u: "Ɗin ko tumaaji yimɓe e fii hajju".Dewal ngal wonaali nde naatirto cuuɗi ɗin immorde ka babbe (dame) majji, si ko woni dewal ngal: ko on (oon) gomɗuɗo.Ngardee cuuɗi ɗin ka dame majji.Hulon Allah,belaj joo male-ɗon.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
ისინი [შენი თანამგზავრები] გეკითხებიან შენ, (ო, მოციქულო), ახალმთვარეობის შესახებ. უთხარი: «ისინი ალლაჰმა ადამიანებისთვის დროის განსასაზღვრ ნიშნებად და ჰაჯისთვის დაადგინა». კეთილმოსაობა იმაში არ მდგომარეობს, რომ სახლებში უკანა მხრიდან შეხვიდეთ[1]. არამედ კეთილმოსაობა იმის საქმეა, ვინც ალლაჰის სასჯელს უფრთხის. შედით სახლებში კარებიდან (როდესაც ჰაჯისა და უმრისთვის იჰრამში შედიხართ) და უფრთხილდით ალლაჰის სასჯელს ყველა თქვენს საქმეში, რათა ეგების წარმატებას მიაღწიოთ.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Sie fragen dich nach den Neumonden. Sag: „Sie sind festgesetzte Zeiten für die Menschen und für die Pilgerfahrt.“ Und die Frömmigkeit besteht nicht darin, dass ihr von der Rückseite in die Häuser kommt. Frömmigkeit besteht vielmehr darin, dass man (Allah) fürchtet. So kommt in die Häuser durch ihre Türen und fürchtet Allah, auf dass es euch wohl ergehen möge!
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Σε ρωτούν (ω, Μωχάμμαντ) για τα νέα φεγγάρια (όσον αφορά την σταδιακή αλλαγή της εμφάνισής τους). Πες: «Είναι μετρητές χρόνου για τους ανθρώπους (για να ξέρουν το χρόνο των πράξεων λατρείας τους) και για το προσκύνημα.» Ευσέβεια δεν είναι το να μπαίνετε στα σπίτια από την πίσω πλευρά τους (όπως ισχυριζόσασταν πριν το Ισλάμ, ότι ένας προσκυνητής θα πρέπει να μπει στο σπίτι του από την πίσω πλευρά), αλλά ευσέβεια, είναι το να φυλαχθεί κανείς (από την τιμωρία του Αλλάχ, τηρώντας τις εντολές Του). Να μπαίνετε στα σπίτια (σας) από τις πόρτες τους. Και να φυλαχθείτε από την τιμωρία του Αλλάχ (μέσω της τήρησης των εντολών Του), μήπως και επιτύχετε.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
(ऐ नबी!) लोग आपसे नये चाँदों के बारे में पूछते हैं। आप कह दें, वे लोगों के लिए और हज्ज के लिए समय जानने के माध्यम हैं। और नेकी हरगिज़ यह नहीं कि घरों में उनके पीछे से आओ। बल्कि नेकी उसकी है जो (अल्लाह की अवज्ञा से) बचे। तथा घरों में उनके द्वारों से आओ और अल्लाह से डरो, ताकि तुम सफल हो जाओ।[110]
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
Ti chiedono dei noviluni, di’: «Sono dei calendari per le genti e per il pellegrinaggio”. E la rettitudine non è entrare nelle case degli altri dalla parte posteriore, ma la rettitudine è la devozione, ed entrare nelle case dalla porta principale. E temete Allāh, così che possiate avere successo.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
189. Jie klausia tavęs (Muchammedai ﷺ) apie mėnulio fazes. Sakyk: „Tai ženklai, skirti pažymėti nustatytus laiko tarpus, žmonėms ir piligriminei kelionei. Al-Bir (dievobaimingumas, teisingumas) nėra tai, kad jūs įžengtumėte į namus iš galo. [18] Tačiau Al-Bir (yra savybė tų), kurie bijo Allaho. Taigi ženkite į namus pro tinkamas duris ir bijokite Allaho tam, kad būtumėte sėkmingi.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Они спрашивают тебя о новолуниях. Скажи: «Они — указания времени для людей и хаджа». Благочестие не в том, чтобы вы входили в дома с их задней стороны, но благочестив тот, кто богобоязнен. Входите же в дома через их двери и бойтесь Аллаха, — быть может, вы преуспеете.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Питају те о млађацима. Реци: "Они су људима ознаке за време и ходочашће." Не исказује се честитост у томе да са задње стране у куће улазите, него је честитост у томе да се Аллаха бојите. У куће улазите на врата њихова и Аллаха се бојте да бисте успели.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Wanakuuliza kuhusu miezi miandamo. Sema: Hiyo ni vipimo vya nyakati kwa ajili ya watu na Hija. Wala sio wema kwamba mziingie nyumba kwa nyuma yake. Bali mwema ni mwenye kumcha Mungu. Na ingieni majumbani kupitia milangoni mwake. Na mcheni Mwenyezi Mungu ili mpate kufaulu.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
De frågar dig om nymånarna. Säg: ”De visar människorna tiderna [för vissa former av dyrkan] och [tiden för] vallfärden.” Fromhet är inte att ni stiger in i husen från deras baksidor, utan sann fromhet har den som visar gudsfruktan. Stig in i husen genom deras dörrar, och frukta Gud så ska det gå er väl.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Sana hilal şeklinde yeni doğan aylar hakkında soru sorarlar. De ki: Onlar, insanlar ve hac için vakit ölçüleridir. İyilik, evlere arkasından girmeniz değildir. Fakat iyilik, kötülükten sakınan kimsenin yaptığıdır. Evlere kapılarından girin. Allah’tan da sakının ki, kurtuluşa eresiniz.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
لوگ آپ سے چاند کے بارے میں سوال کرتے ہیں آپ کہہ دیجیئے کہ یہ لوگوں (کی عبادت) کے وقتوں اور حج کے موسم کے لئے ہے (احرام کی حالت میں) اور گھروں کے پیچھے سے تمہارا آنا کچھ نیکی نہیں، بلکہ نیکی واﻻ وه ہے جو متقی ہو۔ اور گھروں میں تو دروازوں میں سے آیا کرو[1] اور اللہ سے ڈرتے رہو، تاکہ تم کامیاب ہوجاؤ۔
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 Permitted for you is intercourse with your wives on the night of the fast. They are a garment for you, and you are a garment for them. God knows that you used to betray yourselves, but He turned to you and pardoned you. So approach them now, and seek what God has ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white streak of dawn can be distinguished from the black streak. Then complete the fast until nightfall. But do not approach them while you are in retreat at the mosques. These are the limits of God, so do not come near them. God thus clarifies His revelations to the people, that they may attain piety.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil)
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Lawful for you on the night of the fast is commerce with your wives; they are a garment unto you, and ye a garment unto them. God knows that ye did defraud yourselves, wherefore He has turned towards you and forgiven you; so now go in unto them and crave what God has prescribed for you, and eat and drink until a white thread can be distinguished by you from a black one at the dawn. Then fulfil the fast until the night, and go not in unto them, and ye at your devotions in the mosques the while. These are the bounds that God has set, so draw not near thereto. Thus does God make manifest His signs to men, that haply they may fear
John Medows Rodwell1861 You are allowed on the night of the fast to approach your wives: they are your garment and ye are their garment. God knoweth that ye defraud yourselves therein, so He turneth unto you and forgiveth you! Now, therefore, go in unto them with full desire for that which God hath ordained for you; and eat and drink until ye can discern a white thread from a black thread by the daybreak: then fast strictly till night, and go not in unto them, but rather pass the time in the Mosques. These are the bounds set up by God: therefore come not near them. Thus God maketh his signs clear to men that they may fear Him
George Sale1734 It is lawful for you on the night of the fast to go in unto your wives; they are a garment unto you, and ye are a garment unto them. God knoweth that ye defraud your selves therein, wherefore he turneth unto you, and forgiveth you. Now therefore go in unto them; and earnestly desire that which God ordaineth you, and eat and drink until ye can plainly distinguish a white thread from a black thread by the day-break: Then keep the fast until night, and go not in unto them, but be constantly present in the places of worship. These are the prescribed bounds of God, therefore draw not near them to transgress them. Thus God declareth his signs unto men, that they may fear him
DIN 31635walā taʾkulū ʾamwālakum baynakum bil-bāṭili watudlū bihā ʾilā l-ḥukkāmi litaʾkulū farīqan min ʾamwāli n-nāsi bil-ʾiṯmi waʾantum taʿlamūna
The translators word this verse differently
Talal Itani2012 And do not consume one another's wealth by unjust means, nor offer it as bribes to the officials in order to consume part of other people's wealth illicitly, while you know.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And eat not up your property among yourselves in vanity, nor seek by it to gain the hearing of the judges that ye may knowingly devour a portion of the property of others wrongfully
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Devour not your wealth among yourselves vainly, nor present it to the judges that ye may devour a part of the wealth of men sinfully, the while ye know
John Medows Rodwell1861 Consume not your wealth among yourselves in vain things, nor present it to judges that ye may consume a part of other men's wealth unjustly, while ye know the sin which ye commit
George Sale1734 Consume not your wealth among your selves in vain; nor present it unto judges, that ye may devour part of men's substance unjustly, against your own consciences
Talal Itani2012 And fight in the cause of God those who fight you, but do not commit aggression; God does not love the aggressors.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Fight in the way of Allah against those who fight against you, but begin not hostilities. Lo! Allah loveth not aggressors
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Fight in God's way with those who fight with you, but transgress not; verily, God loves not those who do transgress
John Medows Rodwell1861 And fight for the cause of God against those who fight against you: but commit not the injustice of attacking them first: God loveth not such injustice
George Sale1734 And fight for the religion of God against those who fight against you, but transgress not by attacking them first, for God loveth not the transgressors
DIN 31635waqtulūhum ḥayṯu ṯaqiftumūhum waʾaḫriǧūhum min ḥayṯu ʾaḫraǧūkum wal-fitnatu ʾašaddu mina l-qatli walā tuqātilūhum ʿinda l-masǧidi l-ḥarāmi ḥattā yuqātilūkum fīhi faʾin qātalūkum faqtulūhum kaḏālika ǧazāʾu l-kāfirīna
Talal Itani2012 And kill them wherever you overtake them, and expel them from where they had expelled you. Oppression is more serious than murder. But do not fight them at the Sacred Mosque, unless they fight you there. If they fight you, then kill them. Such is the retribution of the disbelievers.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And slay them wherever ye find them, and drive them out of the places whence they drove you out, for persecution is worse than slaughter. And fight not with them at the Inviolable Place of Worship until they first attack you there, but if they attack you (there) then slay them. Such is the reward of disbelievers
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Kill them wherever ye find them, and drive them out from whence they drive you out; for sedition is worse than slaughter; but fight them not by the Sacred Mosque until they fight you there; then kill them, for such is the recompense of those that misbelieve
John Medows Rodwell1861 And kill them wherever ye shall find them, and eject them from whatever place they have ejected you; for civil discord is worse than carnage: yet attack them not at the sacred Mosque, unless they attack you therein; but if they attack you, slay them. Such the reward of the infidels
George Sale1734 And kill them wherever ye find them, and turn them out of that whereof they have dispossessed you, for temptation to idolatry is more grievous than slaughter: Yet fight not against them in the holy temple, until they attack you therein; but if they attack you, slay them there. This shall be the reward of the infidels
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.68 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · George Sale0.75
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.73
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.72
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.71
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.69
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.68
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.66
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.66
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.63
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.55
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
Sources, editions and licences for everything above
ReceiptsSource fact
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.