Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Those who believe in God and His messengers-these are the sincere and the witnesses with their Lord; they will have their reward and their light. But as for those who disbelieve and deny Our revelations-these are the inmates of the Blaze.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Compare translations (4)Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
And those who believe in Allah and His messengers, they are the loyal, and the martyrs are with their Lord; they have their reward and their light; while as for those who disbelieve and deny Our revelations, they are owners of hell-fire
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
And those who believe in God and His Apostle, they are the confessors and the martyrs with their Lord; for them is their hire and their light! But those who misbelieve and call our signs lies, they are the fellows of hell
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
And they who believed in God and his apostle are the men of truth, and the witnesses in the presence of their Lord; They shall have their recompense and their light: But as for the infidels, and those who give the lie to our signs, these shall be the inmates of Hell
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
And they who believe in God and his apostles, these are the men of veracity, and the witnesses in the presence of their Lord: They shall have their reward, and their light. But as to those who believe not, and accuse our signs of falsehood, they shall be the companions of hell
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Ata që besojnë Allahun dhe të dërguarit e Tij, mu ata janë besnikët. E dëshmorët do të kenë te Zoti i tyre shpërblimin dhe dritën e vet. Ndërkaq, ata që nuk besuan dhe i përgënjeshtruan ajetet Tona, pikërisht ata janë banorët e Zjarrit flakërues.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
আর যারা আল্লাহ ও তাঁর রাসূলদের প্রতি ঈমান আনে, তারাই তাদের রবের নিকট সিদ্দীক (সত্যনিষ্ঠ ) ও শহীদ (সাক্ষ্য দানকারী)। তাদের জন্য রয়েছে, তাদের প্রতিদান (জান্নাত) এবং তাদের আলো(১৬)। আর যারা কুফরী করে এবং আমার আয়াতসমূহকে অস্বীকার করে, তারাই জাহান্নামের অধিবাসী।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
A oni koji vjeruju u Allaha i Njegove poslanike – to su oni koji srcem u potpunosti vjeruju! A šehidima – u njihova Gospodara pripada njihova nagrada i svjetlo njihovo! A oni koji ne vjeruju i Naše ajete i znakove poriču, to su oni koji pripadaju Vatri!
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
A oni koji vjeruju u Allaha i Njegove poslanike – to su oni koji srcem u potpunosti vjeruju! A šehidima – u njihova Gospodara pripada njihova nagrada i svjetlo njihovo! A oni koji ne vjeruju i Naše ajete i znakove poriču, to su oni koji pripadaju Vatri!
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Ɓeen gooŋɗinɓe Allah e Nulaaɗo makko on, ko ɓen woni goongiyaŋke en. Sahodinɓe ɓen ka Joomi mun, hino woodani ɓen njoɓdi maɓɓe e annoora maɓɓe. Ɓeen noon yedduɓe ɓe njeddi aayeeje Amen ɗeen, ko ɓeen ngoni yimɓe Jahiimi ngen.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
ხოლო ისინი, რომელთაც ირწმუნეს ალლაჰი და მისი მოციქულები, სწორედ ისინი არიან მართალნი. და მოწამეებს [ალლაჰის გზაზე დაღუპულთ] თავიანთ უფალთან ექნებათ მათი ჯილდო და მათი ნათელი (რომელიც გაუნათებს მათ გზას სამსჯავროს დღეს). ხოლო ისინი, ვინც ურწმუნონი გახდნენ და უარყვეს ჩვენი სასწაულები, ისინი არიან ცეცხლის მკვიდრნი.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Und diejenigen, die an Allah und Seine Gesandten glauben, jene sind die stets Wahrhaftigen. Und den Märtyrern bei ihrem Herrn steht ihr Lohn und ihr Licht zu. Diejenigen aber, die ungläubig sind und Unsere Zeichen für Lüge erklären, jene sind die Insassen des Höllenbrandes.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Όσοι πιστεύουν στον Αλλάχ και στους Αγγελιαφόρους Του, εκείνοι είναι πράγματι οι αληθινά ευσεβείς πιστοί (που πίστεψαν απόλυτα τους Αγγελιαφόρους). Όσο για τους μάρτυρες (που σκοτώθηκαν στον δρόμο του Αλλάχ), θα έχουν από τον Κύριό τους την ανταμοιβή τους και το φως τους. Όσο γι' εκείνους που αρνήθηκαν την πίστη και διέψευσαν τα Εδάφια (και τα Σημάδια) Μας, εκείνοι θα είναι οι κάτοικοι της Φλεγόμενης Φωτιάς.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
तथा जो लोग अल्लाह और उसके रसूलों[11] पर ईमान लाए, वही अपने रब के निकट सिद्दीक़ तथा शहीद[12] (गवाही देने वाले) हैं, उन्हीं के लिए उनका प्रतिफल तथा उनका प्रकाश है। और वे लोग जिन्होंने इनकार किया और हमारी आयतों को झुठलाया, वे भड़कती आग में रहने वाले हैं।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
E quelli che hanno creduto in Allāh e nel Suo Messaggero, quelli sono i più sinceri nella fede. E i caduti per la causa del loro Dio, avranno la loro ricompensa e la loro luce. E i miscredenti che smentirono i Nostri Segni, quelli sono gente dell’Inferno.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
19. Ir tie, kurie tiki Allahą ir Jo Pranašus – jie yra Sidikun (t. y. Pranašų pasekėjai, kurie buvo pirmieji ir patys stipriausi jų tikėjimą), ir kankiniai su savo Viešpačiu. Jie turės savo atlygį ir savo šviesą. Bet tie, kurie netiki (Allaho Vienumą – Islamo monoteizmą) ir neigia Mūsų Ajat (įrodymus, eilutes, ženklus, apreiškimus, ir t. t.), jie bus liepsnojančios Ugnies gyventojai.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
А те, которые уверовали в Аллаха и Его посланников — они и есть истинно правдивые. И мученики — у своего Господа: им — их награда и их свет. А те, которые отвергли веру и сочли Наши знамения ложью — такие и есть обитатели адского пекла.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
А они који верују у Аллаха и Његове посланике - то су они истинољубиви! А мученицима на Божјем путу припада код њиховог Господара награда, и њихово светло! А они који не верују и поричу Наше речи и доказе, то су становници Ватре!
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Na wale waliomuamini Mwenyezi Mungu na Mitume wake, hao ndio Masidiqi (wakweli zaidi) na Mashahidi mbele ya Mola wao Mlezi. Wao watapata malipo yao na nuru yao. Na wale waliokufuru na wakakadhibisha Ishara zetu, hao ndio wana Motoni.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
De som tror på Gud och hans sändebud är de sannfärdiga; och martyrerna har sin lön och sitt ljus hos sin Herre. De otrogna däremot, som kallar våra budskap för lögn, ska bli den brinnande eldens folk.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Allah’a ve rasullerine iman edenler işte onlar Rablerinin nezdinde sıddikler/dosdoğru olanlar ve şehitlerdir. Onlara ecirleri ve nurları verilecektir. Kâfir olup, ayetlerimizi yalanlayanlara gelince, işte onlar cehennemlik olanlardır.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
اللہ اوراس کے رسول پر جو ایمان رکھتے ہیں وہی لوگ اپنے رب کے نزدیک صدیق[1] اور شہید ہیں ان کے لیے ان کا اجر اور ان کا نور ہے، اور جو لوگ کفر کرتے ہیں اور ہماری آیتوں کوجھٹلاتے ہیں وه جہنمی ہیں.
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Easy-read (simplified)i'lamoo anna llaaha yuhyee l-'arda ba'da mawtihaa qad bayyannaa lakumu l-'aayaati la'allakum ta'qiloon
DIN 31635iʿlamū ʾanna llāha yuḥyī l-ʾarḍa baʿda mawtihā qad bayyannā lakumu l-ʾāyāti laʿallakum taʿqilūna
Talal Itani2012 Know that God revives the earth after its death. We thus explain the revelations for you, so that you may understand.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Know that Allah quickeneth the earth after its death. We have made clear Our revelations for you, that haply ye may understand
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Know that God quickens the earth after its death!- we have manifested to you the signs; haply ye may have some sense
John Medows Rodwell1861 Know that God quickeneth the earth after its death! Now have we made these signs clear to you, that ye may understand
George Sale1734 Know that God quickeneth the earth, after it hath been dead. Now have We distinctly declared our signs unto you, that ye may understand
Talal Itani2012 The charitable men and charitable women, who have loaned God a loan of righteousness-it will be multiplied for them, and for them is a generous reward.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Lo! those who give alms, both men and women, and lend unto Allah a goodly loan, it will be doubled for them, and theirs will be a rich reward
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Verily, those who give in charity, men and women, who have lent to God a goodly loan,- it shall be doubled for them, and for them is a generous hire
John Medows Rodwell1861 Verily, they who give alms, both men and women, and they who lend a generous loan to God, - doubled shall it be to them - and they shall have a noble recompense
George Sale1734 Verily as to the almsgivers, both men and women, and those who lend unto God an acceptable loan, He will double the same unto them; and they shall moreover receive an honourable reward
Talal Itani2012 Know that the worldly life is only play, and distraction, and glitter, and boasting among you, and rivalry in wealth and children. It is like a rainfall that produces plants, and delights the disbelievers. But then it withers, and you see it yellowing, and then it becomes debris. While in the Hereafter there is severe agony, and forgiveness from God, and acceptance. The life of this world is nothing but enjoyment of vanity.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Know that the life of the world is only play, and idle talk, and pageantry, and boasting among you, and rivalry in respect of wealth and children; as the likeness of vegetation after rain, whereof the growth is pleasing to the husbandman, but afterward it drieth up and thou seest it turning yellow, then it becometh straw. And in the Hereafter there is grievous punishment, and (also) forgiveness from Allah and His good pleasure, whereas the life of the world is but matter of illusion
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Know that the life of this world is but a sport, and a play, and an adornment, and something to boast of amongst yourselves; and the multiplying of children is like a rain-growth, its vegetation pleases the misbelievers; then they wither away, and thou mayest see them become yellow; then they become but grit. But in the hereafter is a severe woe, and forgiveness from God and His goodwill; but the life of this world is but a chattel of guile
John Medows Rodwell1861 Know ye that this world's life is only a sport, and pastime, and show, and a cause of vainglory among you! And the multiplying of riches and children is like the plants which spring up after rain - Their growth rejoiceth the husband-man; then they wither away, and thou seest them all yellow; then they become stubble. And in the next life is a severe chastisement, Or else pardon from God and His satisfaction: and this world's life is but a cheating fruition
George Sale1734 Know that this present life is only a toy and a vain amusement: And worldly pomp, and the affectation of glory among you, and the multiplying of riches and children, are as the plants nourished by the rain, the springing up whereof delighteth the husbandmen; afterwards they wither, so that thou seest the same turned yellow, and at length they become dry stubble. And in the life to come will be a severe punishment for those who covet worldly grandeur; and pardon from God, and favour for those who renounce it: For this present life is no other than a deceitful provision
DIN 31635sābiqū ʾilā maġfiratin min rabbikum waǧannatin ʿarḍuhā kaʿarḍi s-samāʾi wal-ʾarḍi ʾuʿiddat lillaḏīna ʾāmanū billāhi warusulihi ḏālika faḍlu llāhi yuʾtīhi man yašāʾu wallāhu ḏū l-faḍli l-ʿaẓīmi
Talal Itani2012 Race towards forgiveness from your Lord; and a Garden as vast as the heavens and the earth, prepared for those who believe in God and His messengers. That is the grace of God; He bestows it on whomever He wills. God is the Possessor of Immense Grace.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Race one with another for forgiveness from your Lord and a Garden whereof the breadth is as the breadth of the heavens and the earth, which is in store for those who believe in Allah and His messengers. Such is the bounty of Allah, which He bestoweth upon whom He will, and Allah is of Infinite Bounty
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Race towards forgiveness from your Lord and Paradise, whose breadth is as the breadth of the heavens and the earth, prepared for those who believe in God and His apostles! and God's grace, He gives it to whom He pleases, for God is Lord of mighty grace
John Medows Rodwell1861 Vie in hasting after pardon from your Lord, and Paradise - whose outspread is as the outspread of the Heaven and of the Earth: Prepared is it for those who believe in God and His apostles: Such is the bounty of God: to whom He will He giveth it: and of immense bounty is God
George Sale1734 Hasten with emulation to obtain pardon from your Lord, and paradise, the extent whereof equalleth the extent of heaven and earth, prepared for those who believe in God and his apostles. This is the bounty of God: He will give the same unto whom He pleaseth; and God is endued with great bounty
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.54 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.65
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.61
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.61
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.59
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.58
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.57
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.53
Talal Itani · George Sale0.52
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.40
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.39
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
Sources, editions and licences for everything above
ReceiptsSource fact
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.