Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
We did not send before you except men, whom We inspired, from the people of the towns. Have they not roamed the earth and seen the consequences for those before them? The Home of the Hereafter is better for those who are righteous. Do you not understand?
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
We sent not before thee (any messengers) save men whom We inspired from among the folk of the townships - Have they not travelled in the land and seen the nature of the consequence for those who were before them? And verily the abode of the Hereafter, for those who ward off (evil), is best. Have ye then no sense
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
Nor did we ever send before thee any save men whom we inspired, of the people of the cities. Have they not journeyed on in the earth, and beheld how was the end of those before them? But the abode of the future is surely better for those who believe;- what! have they then no sense
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Never before thee have we sent any but men, chosen out of the people of the cities, to whom we maderevelations. Will they not journey through the land, and see what hath been the end of those who were before them? But the mansions of the next life shall be better for those who fear God. Will they not then comprehend
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
We sent not any apostles before thee, except men, unto whom We revealed our will, and whom We chose out of those who dwelt in cities. Will they not go through the earth, and see what hath been the end of those who have preceded them. But the dwelling of the next life shall surely be better for those who fear God. Will they not therefore understand
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Ne dërguam para teje vetëm burra nga banorët e qyteteve, të cilëve u dhamë shpalljen. A nuk kanë udhëtuar ata nëpër botë që të shihnin se si ishte fundi i atyre që ishin më parë?! Pa dyshim që bota tjetër është shumë më e mirë për ata që i frikësohen Allahut. Si nuk e kuptoni?!
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
আর আমি তোমার পূর্বে জনপদবাসী থেকে পুরুষদেরকেই কেবল রাসূল হিসেবে প্রেরণ করেছি, যাদের ওপর আমি অহী নাযিল করতাম। তারা (মিথ্যারোপকারীরা) কি জমিনে বিচরণ করে না? তাহলে দেখত, তাদের পূর্বে যারা ছিল তাদের (মিথ্যারোপ করার) পরিণতি কীরূপ হয়েছিল? আর যারা আল্লাহকে (তাঁর আদেশ-নিষেধ মেনে) ভয় করে তাদের জন্য আখিরাতের আবাসনই উত্তম, তবুও কি তোমরা বুঝো না?
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
A Mi smo i prije tebe samo muškarce slali, koji su iz naseljenih mjesta bili i kojima smo objave dostavljali. Zašto ovi ne putuju po svijetu, pa da vide kako su skončali oni prije njih – a onaj svijet je zaista bolji za one koji se Allaha boje – zar ne razumijete?
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
A Mi smo i prije tebe samo muškarce slali, koji su iz naseljenih mjesta bili i kojima smo objave dostavljali. Zašto ovi ne putuju po svijetu, pa da vide kako su skončali oni prije njih – a onaj svijet je zaista bolji za one koji se Allaha boje – zar ne razumijete?'
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Men nulaali ado maa si wanaa worɓe jeyaaɓe e yimɓe ca'e ɗen, miɗen mbahayina e maɓɓe. E ɓee [fennooɓe ma] yiilotaako ka leydi, ɓe ndaara ko honno battane ɓeen adinooɓe ɓe w'anoo? Pellet ko saare laakara nden ɓuri moƴƴannde ɓen hulɓe [Alla]. E on haqqiltaa?
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
და შენამდე (ო, მუჰამმად) ჩვენ მხოლოდ კაცები (და არა ანგელოზები) გამოვგზავნეთ (სოფლებისა და) ქალაქების მცხოვრებთაგან (და არა უდაბნოებიდან), რომლებსაც ჩვენ ჩამოვუვლინეთ ზეშთაგონება [ალლაჰისგან]. განა არ იმოგზაურეს მათ [მექქის ურწმუნოებმა და სხვებმა] დედამიწაზე [განა არ იყვნენ ისინი იემენსა და შამში] და არ იხილეს, რა ბოლო ეწიათ მათ [ხალხებს, რომლებიც არ ემორჩილებოდნენ ალლაჰს], ვინც მათ წინ იყო? და ჭეშმარიტად, საუკუნო საცხოვრებელი [სამოთხე] უკეთესია მათთვის, ვინც ფრთხილობდა (ალლაჰის სასჯელს). ნუთუ არ გესმით?
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Und Wir haben vor dir von den Bewohnern der Ortschaften nur Männer gesandt, denen Wir (Offenbarungen) eingaben. Sind sie denn nicht auf der Erde umhergezogen, sodass sie schauen (konnten), wie das Ende derjenigen war, die vor ihnen waren? Und die Wohnstätte des Jenseits ist fürwahr besser für diejenigen, die (Allah) fürchten. Begreift ihr denn nicht?
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Πράγματι, δε στείλαμε πριν από σένα παρά μόνο άνδρες (σαν εσένα, ω, Μωχάμμαντ, και όχι Αγγέλους) από τους ανθρώπους των κωμοπόλεων, στους οποίους (άνδρες) αποκαλύψαμε. Μα δεν ταξιδεύουν στη γη (εκείνοι που σε διαψεύδουν) για να δουν πώς ήταν το τέλος εκείνων που ήταν πριν απ' αυτούς (που διέψευδαν τους Αγγελιαφόρους τους); Πράγματι, η Μέλλουσα Ζωή είναι πολύ καλύτερη για όσους φυλάσσονται από την τιμωρία του Αλλάχ (τηρώντας τις εντολές Του). Μα δε συλλογίζεστε;
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
और हमने आपसे पहले बस्तियों के रहने वालों में से केवल पुरुषों[34] को नबी बनाकर भेजे, जिनकी ओर हम वह़्य किया करते थे। तो क्या ये धरती में चले-फिरे नहीं, कि देखते उनका परिणाम कैसा हुआ, जो इनसे पहले थे? और निश्चय आख़िरत (परलोक) का घर उनके लिए उत्तम है, जो अल्लाह से डरते रहे। तो क्या तुम समझते नहीं?
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
E non abbiamo mandato prima di te se non uomini ispirati da Noi tra gli abitanti dei paesi. Non hanno viaggiato in terra per vedere com’è stata la fine di quelli che sono venuti prima? E la dimora dell’Aldilà sarà migliore per i devoti! Non ragionate forse?
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
109. Ir anksčiau tavęs Mes nesiuntėme (Pasiuntiniais) nieko kito, tik žmones, kuriems Mes apreiškėme, iš gyvenviečių žmonių tarpo. Argi jie nekeliavo žemėje ir nematė, koks buvo galas tų, kurie buvo anksčiau jų? Ir iš tiesų, Amžinybės namai yra geriausi tiems, kurie bijo Allaho ir paklūsta Jam (susilaikydami nuo nuodėmių ir blogų darbų ir atlikdami teisingus gerus darbus). Argi tada jūs nesuprantate?
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8
Afaan Oromoo · Oromo
Si duras dhiirota warra gandaa irraa wahyii gara isaaniitti buufne malee hin ergine. Sila dachii keessa deemanii booddeen warra isaaniin dura turanii akkam akka ta’e hin ilaalanuu? Dhugumatti, isaan (Rabbiin) sodaataniif mana Aakhiraatu caala. Sila hin xiinxaltanuu?
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Мы не посылали до тебя никого, кроме мужей из жителей селений, которым Мы внушали откровение. Разве они не странствовали по земле и не видели, каков был итог тех, кто был до них? А ведь Обитель Последней жизни — лучше для тех, которые богобоязненны. Неужели вы не разумеете?
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
А Ми смо и пре тебе само људе као посланике слали, који су били из насељених места и којима смо објаве достављали. Зашто ови не путују по свету, па да виде како су скончали они пре њих – а Будући свет је заиста бољи за богобојазне - зар не разумете?!
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Na hatukuwatuma Mitume kabla yako isipokuwa wanaume tuliowafunulia ufunuo (wahyi) miongoni mwa watu wa mijini. Je, hawakutembea katika ardhi wakaona jinsi ulivyokuwa mwisho wa wale waliokuwa kabla yao? Na hakika nyumba ya Akhera ndiyo bora kwa wamchao Mungu. Basi hamtumii akili?
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Alla sändebud vi sänt före dig var män från stadsbefolkningen som vi uppenbarade för. Har de inte färdats på jorden och sett hur det slutade för deras föregångare? Det kommande livets boning är bättre för de gudfruktiga. Använder ni inte ert förstånd?
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Biz senden önce de, şehirler halkından ancak kendilerine vahyettiğimiz birtakım erkekleri peygamber olarak gönderdik. Yeryüzünde dolaşıp da, kendilerinden önce gelenlerin akıbetlerinin nasıl olduğuna bakmadılar mı? Elbette ahiret yurdu Allah’a karşı gelmekten sakınanlar için daha iyidir. Hâlâ aklınızı kullanmıyor musunuz?
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
آپ سے پہلے ہم نے بستی والوں میں جتنے رسول بھیجے ہیں سب مرد ہی تھے جن کی طرف ہم وحی نازل فرماتے گئے[1] ۔ کیا زمین میں چل پھر کر انہوں نے دیکھا نہیں کہ ان سے پہلے کے لوگوں کا کیسا کچھ انجام ہوا؟ یقیناً آخرت کا گھر پرہیزگاروں کے لئے بہت ہی بہتر ہے، کیا پھر بھی تم نہیں سمجھتے.
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Easy-read (simplified)afa'aminoo an ta'tiyahum ghaashiyatun min 'adhaabi llaahi aw ta'tiyahumu s-saa'atu baghtatan wahum laa yash'uroon
DIN 31635ʾafaʾaminū ʾan taʾtiyahum ġāšiyatun min ʿaḏābi llāhi ʾaw taʾtiyahumu s-sāʿatu baġtatan wahum lā yašʿurūna
Talal Itani2012 Do they feel secure that a covering of God's punishment will not come upon them, or that the Hour will not come upon them suddenly, while they are unaware?
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Deem they themselves secure from the coming on them of a pall of Allah's punishment, or the coming of the Hour suddenly while they are unaware
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Are they safe, then, from overwhelming vengeance coming on them from the torment of God? or from the Hour coming upon them suddenly while they do not perceive
John Medows Rodwell1861 What! Are they sure that the overwhelming chastisement of God shall not come upon them, or that that Hour shall not come upon them suddenly, while they are unaware
George Sale1734 Do they not believe that some overwhelming affliction shall fall on them, as a punishment from God; or that the hour of judgment shall overtake them suddenly, while they consider not its approach
DIN 31635qul hāḏihi sabīlī ʾadʿū ʾilā llāhi ʿalā baṣīratin ʾanā wamani tabaʿanī wasubḥāna llāhi wamā ʾanā mina l-mušrikīna
Talal Itani2012 Say, "This is my way; I invite to God, based on clear knowledge-I and whoever follows me. Glory be to God; and I am not of the polytheists."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Say: This is my Way: I call on Allah with sure knowledge. I and whosoever followeth me - Glory be to Allah! - and I am not of the idolaters
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Say, 'This is my way; I call now unto God on clear proof, I and those who follow me; and celebrated be God's praises, for I am not of the idolaters
John Medows Rodwell1861 SAY: This is my way: resting on a clear proof, I call you to God, I and whoso followeth me: and glory be to God! I am not one of those who add other deities to Him
George Sale1734 Say unto those of Mecca, this is my way: I invite you unto God, by an evident demonstration; both I and he who followeth me; and, praise be unto God! I am not an idolater
Easy-read (simplified)hattaa idhaa stay'asa r-rusulu wazannoo annahum qad kudhiboo jaa'ahum nasrunaa fanujjiya man nashaa'u walaa yuraddu ba'sunaa 'ani l-qawmi l-mujrimeen
DIN 31635ḥattā ʾiḏā stayʾasa r-rusulu waẓannū ʾannahum qad kuḏibū ǧāʾahum naṣrunā fanuǧǧiya man našāʾu walā yuraddu baʾsunā ʿani l-qawmi l-muǧrimīna
Talal Itani2012 Until, when the messengers have despaired, and thought that they were rejected, Our help came to them. We save whomever We will, and Our severity is not averted from the guilty people.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Till, when the messengers despaired and thought that they were denied, then came unto them Our help, and whom We would was saved. And Our wrath cannot be warded from the guilty
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Until when the apostles despaired and they thought that they were proved liars, our help came to them, and whosoever we pleased was saved; but our violence is not averted from the sinful people
John Medows Rodwell1861 When at last the Apostles lost all hope, and deemed that they were reckoned as liars, our aid reached them, and we delivered whom we would; but our vengeance was not averted from the wicked
George Sale1734 Their predecessors were born with for a time, until, when our apostles despaired of their conversion, and they thought that they were liars, our help came unto them, and We delivered whom We pleased; but our vengeance was not turned away from the wicked people
Talal Itani2012 In their stories is a lesson for those who possess intelligence. This is not a fabricated tale, but a confirmation of what came before it, and a detailed explanation of all things, and guidance, and mercy for people who believe.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 In their history verily there is a lesson for men of understanding. It is no invented story but a confirmation of the existing (Scripture) and a detailed explanation of everything, and a guidance and a mercy for folk who believe
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Their stories were a lesson to those endowed with minds. It was not a tale forged, but a verification of what was before it, and a detailing of everything, and a guide and a mercy to a people who believe
John Medows Rodwell1861 Certainly in their histories is an example for men of understanding. This is no new tale of fiction, but a confirmation of previous scriptures, and an explanation of all things, and guidance and mercy to those who believe
George Sale1734 Verily in the histories of the prophets and their people there is an instructive example unto those who are indued with understanding. The Koran is not a new invented fiction; but a confirmation of those scriptures which have been revealed before it, and a distinct explication of every thing necessary, in respect either to faith or practice, and a direction and mercy unto people who believe
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.66 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.76
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.75
Talal Itani · George Sale0.72
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.71
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.67
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.65
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.65
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.62
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.61
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.44
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
Sources, editions and licences for everything above
ReceiptsSource fact
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.