Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
Who does greater wrong than he, who, when reminded of his Lord's revelations, turns away from them, and forgets what his hands have put forward? We have placed coverings over their hearts, lest they understand it, and heaviness in their ears. And if you call them to guidance, they will not be guided, ever.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
And who doth greater wrong than he who hath been reminded of the revelations of his Lord, yet turneth away from them and forgetteth what his hands send forward (to the Judgment)? Lo! on their hearts We have placed coverings so that they understand not, and in their ears a deafness. And though thou call them to the guidance, in that case they can never be ledaright
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
Who is more unjust than he who, being reminded of the signs of his Lord, turns away therefrom, and forgets what his hands have done before? verily, we will place veils upon their hearts lest they should understand, and dullness in their ears! And if thou shouldst call them to the guidance, they will not be guided then for ever
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
But who is worse than he who when told of the signs of his Lord turneth him away and forgetteth what in timepast his hands have wrought? Truly we have thrown veils over their hearts lest they should understand this Koran, and into their ears a heaviness: And if thou bid them to "the guidance" yet will they not even then be guided ever
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
And who is more unjust than he who hath been acquainted with the signs of his Lord, and retirethafar off from the same, and forgetteth that which his hands have formerlycommitted? Verily We have cast veils over their hearts, lest they should understand the Koran, and into their ears thickness of hearing: If thou invite them to the truedirection, yet will they not therefore be directed for ever
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
E kush është më i padrejtë se ai të cilit, kur i përmenden ajetet e Zotit të vet, ua kthen shpinën dhe harron atë që kanë bërë duart e veta? Ne kemi vënë mbulesë në zemrat e tyre, që ata të mos e kuptojnë atë (Kuranin) dhe ua kemi shurdhuar veshët. Edhe nëse i thërrisni në udhëzim, ata kurrë nuk do të udhëzohen.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
আর তার চেয়ে অধিক যালিম আর কে হতে পারে, যাকে তার রবের আয়াতসমূহ স্মরণ করিয়ে দেয়া হয়েছে, অতঃপর সে তা থেকে (উপদেশ গ্রহণ না করে) বিমুখ হয়েছে এবং সে ভুলে গেছে যা তার দু-হাত পেশ করেছে? নিশ্চয় আমি তাদের অন্তরসমূহের উপর পর্দা দিয়ে দিয়েছি, যাতে তারা তা (আলকুরআন) বুঝতে না পারে। আর তাদের কর্ণসমূহে রয়েছে বধিরতা(২২) এবং তুমি তাদেরকে হিদায়াতের দিকে আহ্বান করলেও তারা কখনো হিদায়াতপ্রাপ্ত হবে না।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
I ima li nepravednijeg od onog koji, kad se dokazima Gospodara svog opominje, za njih ne mari, i zaboravlja na posljedice onog što je učinio? Mi na srca njihova pokrivače stavljamo da Kur’an ne shvate, i gluhim ih činimo; i ako ih ti na Pravi put pozoveš oni, kad su takvi, nikad neće Pravim putem poći.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
I ima li nepravednijeg od onog koji, kad se dokazima Gospodara svog opominje, za njih ne mari, i zaboravlja na posljedice onog što je učinio? Mi na srca njihova pokrivače stavljamo da Kuran ne shvate, i gluhim ih činimo; i ako ih ti na Pravi put pozoveš oni, kad su takvi, nikad neće Pravim putem poći.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Alaa potatɗo tooñde on waajuraaɗo aayeeje Joomi makko o ɗuurii=fali e gaayi majje o yejjiti ko juuɗe makko ɗen ardini kon. Minen Min mbaɗii e ɓerɗe maɓɓe ɗen cokooɗe fii wota ɓe faamu nde, ka noppi maɓɓe kadi pahu, hay si a noddii ɓe fa'ade e Peewal ɓe peewataa on tuma haapoomaa.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
და ვინ არის იმაზე უსამართლო [ცოდვილი], ვისაც შეახსენეს მისი ღმერთის სასწაულები, მან კი ზურგი აქცია მათ და დაივიწყა ის, რაც გაამზადეს მისმა ხელებმა? ჩვენ დავადგინეთ მათ გულებზე საბურველნი, რათა ვერ გაიაზრონ იგი და მათ ყურებში - სიყრუე. და თუ მათ ჭეშმარიტი გზისკენ მოუხმობენ, სწორ გზას მაინც არ დაადგებიან არასოდეს.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Und wer ist denn ungerechter als derjenige, der mit den Zeichen seines Herrn ermahnt wird und sich dann von ihnen abwendet und vergisst, was seine Hände vorausgeschickt haben. Wahrlich, Wir haben auf ihre Herzen Hüllen gelegt, so dass sie ihn nicht verstehen, und in ihre Ohren Schwerhörigkeit. Und wenn du sie zur Rechtleitung rufst, dann werden sie sich also niemals rechtleiten lassen.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Ποιος είναι πιο άδικος απ' εκείνον που έλαβε νουθεσία από τα Εδάφια του Κυρίου του, αλλά αποστράφηκε απ' αυτά και ξέχασε (τις κακές συνέπειες που θα έχει για) ό,τι έχει διαπράξει (από απιστία και αμαρτίες)! Πράγματι, βάλαμε πέπλα πάνω στις καρδιές τους για να μην το καταλάβουν (το Κορ’άν) και (βάλαμε) κώφωση στα αυτιά τους (για να μην το ακούν με τρόπο που να τους κάνει να το καταλάβουν). Και αν τους καλέσεις (ω, Προφήτη) στην καθοδήγηση, δε θα καθοδηγηθούν τότε ποτέ (όσο υπάρχουν αυτά τα πέπλα).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
और उससे बड़ा अत्याचारी कौन है, जिसे उसके पालनहार की आयतें सुनाकर समझाया जाए, तो वह उनसे मुँह मोड़ ले और जो कुछ उसके दोनों हाथों ने आगे भेजा हो, उसे भूल जाए? निःसंदेह हमने उनके दिलों पर पर्दे डाल दिए हैं कि उसे[22] समझ न पाएँ और उनके कानों में बोझ डाल दिया है। और यदि आप उन्हें सीधी राह की ओर बुलाएँ, तब (भी) वे कभी सीधी राह पर नहीं आएँगे।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
E chi è più ingiusto di quello che, avvertito dei Segni del Suo Dio, li rifiuta, dimenticando quello che hanno fatto le sue stesse mani? In verità abbiamo posto intorno ai cuori di quegli uomini dei sigilli, così che non lo capiscano, e nelle loro orecchie sordità, e se li inviti alla retta via, non la percorreranno mai.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
57. Ir kas elgiasi blogiau, nei tas, kuriam primenama apie jo Viešapties Ajat (įrodymus, įkalčius, eilutes, pamokas, ženklus, apreiškimus ir t. t.), tačiau jis nusigręžia nuo jų, pamiršdamas tai (tuos darbus), ką jo rankos skleidė. Iš tiesų, Mes užtraukėme apdangalus ant jų širdžių, kad jie nesuprastų to (Korano), ir jų ausyse – kurtumas. Ir jei tu (Muchammedai ﷺ) kviesi juos į teisingą vedimą, netgi tada jie niekada nebus teisingai vedami.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8
Afaan Oromoo · Oromo
Nama keeyyattoota Gooftaa isaatiin yaadachiifamee ergasii ishee (didee) irraa garagaleefi waan (dilii) harki isaa lamaan dabarfatte dagate- caalaa namni miidhaa hojjate eenyu? (hinjiru). Nuti dhugumatti akka isaan isa (Qur’aana) hin hubanne onneewwan isaanii irratti qadaaddaafi gurreen isaanii keessattis duudiinsa taasifnee jirra. Yoo gara qajeellumaa isaan waamte, isaan yoo san gonkumaa hin qajeelan.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Кто же несправедливее того, кому напомнили о знамениях его Господа, а он отвернулся от них и забыл то, что уготовили его руки? Воистину, Мы наложили на их сердца покровы, чтобы они не понимали его, а в их ушах — глухота. И если ты призовёшь их к верному руководству, они никогда не последуют этим путём.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
И има ли неправеднијег од оног који, кад се доказима Господара свог опомиње, за њих не мари, и заборавља на последице оног што је учинио? Ми на срца њихова покриваче стављамо да Кур’ан не схвате, и глувим их чинимо; и ако их ти на Прави пут позовеш они, као такви, никад неће Правим путем поћи.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Na ni nani dhalimu zaidi kuliko yule anayekumbushwa Ishara za Mola wake Mlezi, naye akazipuuza na akasahau yaliyotangulizwa na mikono yake? Hakika Sisi tumeziba nyoyo zao ili wasifahamu, na uziwi uko kwenye masikio yao. Na ukiwaita kwenye uongofu, kamwe hawataweza kuongoka.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Och ingen är mer orättfärdig än den som när han påminns om sin Herres budskap väljer att ignorera dem och glömmer det [onda] han har gjort. Vi har förseglat deras hjärtan så att de inte kan förstå denna [Koran], och vi har gjort så att deras öron ej längre hör. Även om du kallar dem till den rätta vägen, kommer de aldrig att finna den.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Kim, kendisine Rabbinin âyetleri hatırlatılıp da onlardan yüz çeviren ve elleriyle yapıp, işlediklerini unutandan daha zalimdir? Şüphesiz biz, onu anlamamaları için kalplerine perdeler gerdik, kulaklarına da ağırlıklar koyduk. Sen onları hidayete davet etsen de artık ebediyen hidayet bulamazlar.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
اس سے بڑھ کر ﻇالم کون ہے؟ جسے اس کے رب کی آیتوں سے نصیحت کی جائے وه پھر منھ موڑے رہے اور جو کچھ اس کے ہاتھوں نے آگے بھیج رکھا ہے اسے بھول جائے، بےشک ہم نے ان کے دلوں پر پردے ڈال دیئے ہیں کہ وه اسے (نہ) سمجھیں اور ان کے کانوں میں گرانی ہے، گو تو انہیں ہدایت کی طرف بلاتا رہے، لیکن یہ کبھی بھی ہدایت نہیں پانے[1] کے.
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 What prevented people from accepting faith, when guidance has come to them, and from seeking their Lord's forgiveness? Unless they are waiting for the precedent of the ancients to befall them, or to have the punishment come upon them face to face.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And naught hindereth mankind from believing when the guidance cometh unto them, and from asking forgiveness of their Lord unless (it be that they wish) that the judgment of the men of old should come upon them or (that) they should be confronted with the Doom
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Naught prevented men from believing when the guidance came to them, or from asking pardon of their Lord, except the coming on them of the course of those of yore, or the coming of the torment before their eyes
John Medows Rodwell1861 And what, now that guidance is come to them, letteth men from believing and from asking forgiveness of their Lord - unless they wait till that the doom of the ancients overtake them, or the chastisement come upon them in the sight of the universe
George Sale1734 Yet nothing hindreth men from believing, now a direction is come unto them, and from asking pardon of their Lord, excepting that they wait until the punishment of their predecessors come to be inflicted on them, or that the chastisement of the next life come upon them publicly
Talal Itani2012 We send the messengers only as deliverers of good news and warners. Those who disbelieve argue with false argument, in order to defeat the truth thereby. They take My Verses, and the warnings, for a joke.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 We send not the messengers save as bearers of good news and warners. Those who disbelieve contend with falsehood in order to refute the Truth thereby. And they take Our revelations and that wherewith they are threatened as a jest
Edward Henry Palmer1880 We sent not prophets save as heralds of glad tidings and as warners; but those who misbelieve wrangle with vain speech to make void the truth therewith; and they take my signs and the warnings given them as a jest
John Medows Rodwell1861 We send not our Sent Ones but to announce and to warn: but the infidels cavil with vain words in order to refute the truth; and they treat my signs and their own warnings with scorn
George Sale1734 We send not our messengers, but to bear good tidings, and to denounce threats. Those who believe not, dispute with vain arguments, that they may thereby render the truth of no effect: And they hold my signs, and the admonitions which have been made them, in derision
Easy-read (simplified)warabbuka l-ghafooru dhoo r-rahmati law yu'aakhidhuhum bimaa kasaboo la'ajjala lahumu l-'adhaaba bal lahum maw'idun lan yajidoo min doonihi maw'ilaa
DIN 31635warabbuka l-ġafūru ḏū r-raḥmati law yuʾāḫiḏuhum bimā kasabū laʿaǧǧala lahumu l-ʿaḏāba bal lahum mawʿidun lan yaǧidū min dūnihi mawʾilan
The translators word this verse differently
Talal Itani2012 Your Lord is the Forgiver, Possessor of Mercy. Were He to call them to account for what they have earned, He would have hastened the punishment for them. But they have an appointment from which they will find no escape.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Thy Lord is the Forgiver, Full of Mercy. If He took them to task (now) for what they earn, He would hasten on the doom for them; but theirs is an appointed term from which they will find no escape
Edward Henry Palmer1880 But thy Lord is forgiving, endowed with mercy; were He to punish them for what they have earned He would have hastened for them the torment. Nay rather, they have their appointed time, and shall never find a refuge beside Him
John Medows Rodwell1861 The gracious one, full of compassion, is thy Lord! if he would have chastised them for their demerits he would have hastened their chastisement. But they have a time fixed for the accomplishment of our menaces: and beside God they shall find no refuge
George Sale1734 Thy Lord is gracious, indued with mercy; if He would have punished them for that which they have committed, He would doubtless have hastened their punishment: But a threat hath been denounced against them, and they shall find no refuge, besides Him
DIN 31635watilka l-qurā ʾahlaknāhum lammā ẓalamū waǧaʿalnā limahlikihim mawʿidan
Talal Itani2012 And these towns-We destroyed them when they committed injustices, and We set for their destruction an appointed time.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And (all) those townships! We destroyed them when they did wrong, and We appointed a fixed time for their destruction
Edward Henry Palmer1880 These cities, we destroyed them when they were unjust; and for their destruction we set an appointed time
John Medows Rodwell1861 And those cities did we destroy when they became impious; and of their coming destruction we gave them warning
George Sale1734 And those former cities did We destroy, when they acted unjustly; and We gave them previous warning of their destruction
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.60 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · George Sale0.70
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.69
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.65
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.64
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.58
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.58
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.57
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.55
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.53
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.51
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.