Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
But as to the unbelievers, their works are like the vapour in a plain, which the thirsty travellerthinketh to be water, until, when he cometh thereto, he findeth it to be nothing; but he findeth God with him, and he will fully pay him his account; and God is swift in taking an account
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Compare translations (4)Talal Itani· published 2012
As for those who disbelieve, their works are like a mirage in a desert. The thirsty assumes it is to be water. Until, when he has reached it, he finds it to be nothing, but there he finds God, Who settles his account in full. God is swift in reckoning.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
As for those who disbelieve, their deeds are as a mirage in a desert. The thirsty one supposeth it to be water till he cometh unto it and findeth it naught, and findeth, in the placethereof, Allah Who payeth him his due; and Allah is swift at reckoning
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
But those who misbelieve, their works are like the mirage in a plain, the thirsty counts it water till when he comes to it he finds nothing, but he finds that God is with him; and He will pay him his account, for God is quick to take account
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
But as to the infidels, their works are like the vapour in a plain which the thirsty dreameth to be water, until when he cometh unto it, he findeth it not aught, but findeth that God is with him; and He fully payeth him his account: for swift to take account is God
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Ndërkaq, veprat e atyre që nuk besojnë janë si mirazhi në shkretëtirë, të cilin i eturi e kujton për ujë e, kur arrin aty, nuk gjen asgjë, por e gjen Allahun, i Cili ia jep të plotë llogarinë, se Allahu është i shpejtë në llogari.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
আর যারা কুফরী করে, তাদের আমলসমূহ মরুভূমির মরিচিকার মতো, পিপাসিত ব্যক্তি যাকে পানি মনে করে। অবশেষে যখন সে তার কাছে আসবে, তখন সে দেখবে সেটা কিছুই নয়। আর সে (মৃত্যুর পরে পুনরুত্থিত হয়ে) সেখানে আল্লাহকে দেখতে পাবে।(১২) অতঃপর তিনি তাকে তার হিসাব পরিপূর্ণ করে দেবেন। আর আল্লাহ অতি দ্রুত হিসাব গ্রহণকারী।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
A djela nevjernika su kao priviđenje u ravnici u kojoj žedan vidi vodu, ali kad do tog mjesta dođe, ništa ne nađe – a zateći će kod njega Allaha i On će mu potpuno isplatiti račun njegov; Allah veoma brzo obračunava,
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
A djela nevjernika su kao priviđenje u ravnici u kojoj žedan vidi vodu, ali kad do tog mjesta dođe, ništa ne nađe – a zateći će kod njega Allaha i On će mu potpuno isplatiti račun njegov; Allah veoma brzo obračunava,
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Ɓen yedduɓe, golle maɓɓe ɗen no mba'i wa merere won'nde e boowal, ɗomɗaaɗo on no sikka ko nde ndiyam, haa si o arii e mayre o tawataa hay e hu'unde, o tawa Alla ka makko O huuɓinana mo hasboore makko nden, Alla ko O jaawɗo Hasboore.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
ხოლო მათ, ვინც ურწმუნო გახდა, მათი საქმეები, რომელთა გამოც განკითხვის დღეს სარგებლის მიღების იმედი აქვთ, უდაბნოში მირაჟს ჰგავს. მწყურვალს იგი წყალი ჰგონია, მაგრამ როცა მიუახლოვდება, დაინახავს, რომ იქ არაფერია. და (ურწმუნო) (სამსჯავროს დღეს) ალლაჰს იხილავს თავის წინაშე, და იგი სრულად მიუზღავს მას მის ანგარიშს. და ალლაჰი სწრაფია ანგარიშსწორებაში.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Und die Werke derjenigen, die ungläubig sind, sind wie eine Luftspiegelung in einer Ebene, die der Durstige für Wasser hält. Wenn er dann dorthin kommt, findet er, dass es nichts ist; aber er findet Allah da, Der ihm dann seine Abrechnung in vollem Maß zukommen lässt. Und Allah ist schnell im Abrechnen.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Όσο γι' εκείνους που αρνήθηκαν την πίστη, οι πράξεις τους είναι σαν αντικατοπτρισμός σε μια πεδιάδα, που τον νομίζει ένας διψασμένος ως νερό, μέχρις ότου να τον φτάσει, και να βρει ότι είναι τίποτα. (Έτσι ο άπιστος όταν φτάσει στο θάνατο, βρίσκει ότι οι πράξεις του είναι μάταιες), και θα βρει τον Αλλάχ εκεί (στη Μέλλουσα Ζωή), και θα του δώσει (ο Αλλάχ) την τιμωρία του πλήρως. Πράγματι, ο Αλλάχ είναι Γρήγορος στο να καλεί (τους δούλους Του) για λογοδότηση (και στο να τους τιμωρήσει ή να τους ανταμείψει για τις πράξεις τους).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
तथा जिन लोगों ने कुफ़्र किया[33], उनके कर्म किसी चटियल मैदान में एक सराब (मरीचिका)[34] की तरह हैं, जिसे सख़्त प्यासा आदमी पानी समझता है। यहाँ तक कि जब उसके पास आता है, तो उसे कुछ भी नहीं पाता और अल्लाह को अपने पास पाता है, तो वह उसे उसका हिसाब पूरा चुका देता है। और अल्लाह बहुत जल्द हिसाब करने वाला है।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
E le opere dei miscredenti sono come un miraggio in pieno deserto, che l’assetato crede acqua; ma appena la raggiunge, non vi trova nulla: invece troverà Allāh pronto a saldargli il conto. E Allāh è rapido nel pareggiare i conti.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
39. O tų, kurie netiki, jų poelgiai yra kaip miražas dykumoje. Ištroškęs galvoja, kad tai vanduo, tol, kol prieina prie jo, jis atranda, kad tai niekis. Tačiau jis atranda Allahą su savimi, Kuris sumokės jam, kas priklauso (Pragarą). Ir Allahas yra Greitas atsiskaityti. [2]
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8
Afaan Oromoo · Oromo
Warri kafaran dalagaaleen isaanii akka siribii dirree keessa jirtuu, kan dheebotaan bishaan isa sehuuti, hanga isa bira ga’ee homaa ta’uu isaa dhabe; Allaah of biratti argee (Rabbiin) galata isaa guutee isaaf galcheeti. Rabbiin saffisiisaa herregaati.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Те, которые отвергли веру, — их деяния словно мираж в низине: жаждущий принимает его за воду, но когда он подходит к нему — не находит ничего, а находит там Аллаха, и Он воздаёт ему сполна его расчёт, а Аллах скор в расчёте.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
А дела неверника су као варка у равници у којој жедан види воду, али кад до тог места дође, ништа не нађе – а затећи ће да га чека крај њега Аллахова казна и Он ће потпуно да му обрачуна његова дела; Аллах веома брзо обрачунава,
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Na waliokufuru vitendo vyao ni kama sarabi (mazigazi) uwandani. Mwenye kiu huyadhania ni maji. Hata akiyaendea hapati chochote. Na atamkuta Mwenyezi Mungu hapo naye amlipe hisabu yake sawa sawa. Na Mwenyezi Mungu ni Mwepesi wa kuhisabu.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Men de otrognas handlingar är som en hägring på en ödslig slätt. Den törstande tror sig se vatten, men när han når fram finner han ingenting – och finner [i stället] att Gud är där för att ge honom hans fulla lön. Gud är snabb att kalla till räkenskap.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Kâfir olanların amelleri ise susuz kimselerin su sandığı dümdüz çöldeki bir serap gibidir. Nihayet ona yaklaşınca onun bir şey olmadığını görür. Ancak yanına geldiğinde hiçbir şey bulamaz ve yanında Allah'ı bulur. O da, kendisinin hesabını tam görür. Allah hesabı çabuk görendir.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
اور کافروں کے اعمال مثل اس چمکتی ہوئی ریت کے ہیں جو چٹیل میدان میں ہو جسے پیاسا شخص دور سے پانی سمجھتا ہے لیکن جب اس کے پاس پہنچتا ہے تو اسے کچھ بھی نہیں پاتا، ہاں اللہ کو اپنے پاس پاتا ہے جو اس کا حساب پورا پورا چکا دیتا ہے[1] ۔ اللہ بہت جلد حساب کردینے واﻻ ہے.
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 By men who neither trading nor commerce distracts them from God's remembrance, and from performing the prayers, and from giving alms. They fear a Day when hearts and sights are overturned.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Men whom neither merchandise nor sale beguileth from remembrance of Allah and constancy in prayer and paying to the poor their due; who fear a day when hearts and eyeballs will be overturned
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Men whom neither merchandize nor selling divert from the remembrance of God and steadfastness in prayer and giving alms, who fear a day when hearts and eyes shall be upset
John Medows Rodwell1861 Men whom neither merchandise nor traffic beguile from the remembrance of God, and from the observance of prayer, and the payment of the stated alms, through fear of the day when hearts shall throb and eyes shall roll
George Sale1734 whom neither merchandizing, nor selling diverteth from the remembering of God, and the observance of prayer, and the giving of alms; fearing the day whereon men's hearts and eyes shall be troubled
Easy-read (simplified)liyajziyahumu llaahu ahsana maa 'amiloo wayazeedahum min fadlihi wallaahu yarzuqu man yashaa'u bighayri hisaab
DIN 31635liyaǧziyahumu llāhu ʾaḥsana mā ʿamilū wayazīdahum min faḍlihi wallāhu yarzuqu man yašāʾu biġayri ḥisābin
Talal Itani2012 God will reward them according to the best of what they did, and He will increase them from His bounty. God provides for whomever He wills without reckoning.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 That Allah may reward them with the best of what they did, and increase reward for them of His bounty. Allah giveth blessings without stint to whom He will
Edward Henry Palmer1880 that God may recompense them for the best that they have done, and give them increase of His grace; for God provides whom He pleases without count
John Medows Rodwell1861 That for their most excellent works may God recompense them, and of His bounty increase it to them more and more: for God maketh provision for whom He pleaseth without measure
George Sale1734 that God may recompense them according to the utmost merit of what they shall have wrought, and may add unto them of his abundance a more excellent reward; for God bestoweth on whom he pleaseth without measure
Easy-read (simplified)aw kazulumaatin fee bahrin lujjiyyin yaghshaahu mawjun min fawqihi mawjun min fawqihi sahaabun zulumaatun ba'duhaa fawqa ba'din idhaa akhraja yadahu lam yakad yaraahaa waman lam yaj'ali llaahu lahu nooran famaa lahu min noor
DIN 31635ʾaw kaẓulumātin fī baḥrin luǧǧiyyin yaġšāhu mawǧun min fawqihi mawǧun min fawqihi saḥābun ẓulumātun baʿḍuhā fawqa baʿḍin ʾiḏā ʾaḫraǧa yadahu lam yakad yarāhā waman lam yaǧʿali llāhu lahu nūran famā lahu min nūrin
Talal Itani2012 Or like utter darkness in a vast ocean, covered by waves, above which are waves, above which is fog. Darkness upon darkness. If he brings out his hand, he will hardly see it. He to whom God has not granted a light has no light.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Or as darkness on a vast, abysmal sea. There covereth him a wave, above which is a wave, above which is a cloud. Layer upon layer of darkness. When he holdeth out his hand he scarce can see it. And he for whom Allah hath not appointed light, for him there is no light
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Or like darkness on a deep sea, there covers it a wave above which is a wave, above which is a cloud,- darknesses one above the other,- when one puts out his hand he can scarcely see it; for he to whom God has given no light, he has no light
John Medows Rodwell1861 Or like the darkness on the deep sea when covered by billows riding upon billows, above which are clouds: darkness upon darkness. When a man reacheth forth his hand, he cannot nearly see it! He to whom God shall not give light, no light at all hath he
George Sale1734 Or, as the darkness in a deep sea, covered by waves riding on waves, above which are clouds, being additions of darkness one over the other; when one stretcheth forth his hand, he is far from seeing it. And unto whomsoever God shall not grant his light, he shall enjoy no light at all
Easy-read (simplified)alam tara anna llaaha yusabbihu lahu man fee s-samaawaati wal-'ardi wat-tayru saaffaatin kullun qad 'alima salaatahu watasbeehahu wallaahu 'aleemun bimaa yaf'aloon
DIN 31635ʾalam tara ʾanna llāha yusabbiḥu lahu man fī s-samāwāti wal-ʾarḍi waṭ-ṭayru ṣāffātin kullun qad ʿalima ṣalātahu watasbīḥahu wallāhu ʿalīmun bimā yafʿalūna
Talal Itani2012 Do you not realize that God is glorified by whatever is in the heavens and the earth, and even by the birds in formation? Each knows its prayer and its manner of praise. God knows well what they do.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Hast thou not seen that Allah, He it is Whom all who are in the heavens and the earth praise, and the birds in their flight? Of each He knoweth verily the worship and the praise; and Allah is Aware of what they do
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Hast thou not seen that God,- all who are in the heavens and the earth celebrate His praises, and the birds too spreading out their wings; each one knows its prayer and its praise, and God knows what they do
John Medows Rodwell1861 Hast thou not seen how all in the Heavens and in the Earth uttereth the praise of God? - the very birds as they spread their wings? Every creature knoweth its prayer and its praise! and God knoweth what they do
George Sale1734 Dost thou not perceive that all creatures both in heaven and earth praise God; and the birds also, extending their wings? Every one knoweth his prayer, and his praise: And God knoweth that which they do
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.56 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.68
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.66
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.61
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.58
Talal Itani · George Sale0.57
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.57
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.52
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.52
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.52
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.37
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
Sources, editions and licences for everything above
ReceiptsSource fact
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.