Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
There was a sign for you in the two parties that met. One party fighting in the way of God, and the other was disbelieving. They saw them with their own eyes twice their number. But God supports with His help whomever He wills. In that is a lesson for those with insight.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
There was a token for you in two hosts which met: one army fighting in the way of Allah, and another disbelieving, whom they saw as twice their number, clearly, with their very eyes. Thus Allah strengtheneth with His succour whom He will. Lo! herein verily is a lesson for those who have eyes
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
Ye have had a sign in the two parties who met; one party fighting in the way of God, the other misbelieving; these saw twice the same number as themselves to the eye-sight, for God aids with His help those whom He pleases.' Verily, in that is a lesson for those who have perception
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Ye have already had a sign in the meeting of the two hosts. The one host fought in the cause of God, and the other was infidel. To their own eyesight, the infidels saw you twice as many as themselves: And God aided with his succour whom He would: And in this truly was a lesson for men endued with discernment
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Ye have already had a miracleshewn you in two armies which attacked each other: One army fought for God'struereligion, but the other were infidels; they saw the faithful twice as many as themselves in their eye-sight; for God strengtheneth with his help whom he pleaseth. Surely herein was an example unto men of understanding
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Ju kishit shenjë në dy ushtri që u ndeshën (në Bedër): njëra ushtri luftonte në rrugën e Allahut, kurse tjetra ishin jobesimtarë, të cilët i shihnin dy herë më shumë (në numër). Mirëpo, Allahu përkrah me ndihmën e Tij kë të dëshirojë. Sigurisht, këtu ka mësim për largpamësit.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
নিশ্চয় তোমাদের জন্য নিদর্শন রয়েছে দু’টি দলের মধ্যে, যারা (বদরের যুদ্ধে) পরস্পর মুখোমুখি হয়েছিল। একটি দল লড়াই করছিল আল্লাহর পথে এবং অপর দলটি কাফির। মু’মিনগণ তাদের বাহ্যিক দৃষ্টিতে তাদেরকে নিজেদের দ্বিগুণ দেখছিল।(৭) আর আল্লাহ নিজ সাহায্য দ্বারা যাকে চান শক্তিশালী করেন। নিশ্চয় এতে রয়েছে অন্তর্দৃষ্টি সম্পন্ন লোকদের জন্য শিক্ষা।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Vi ste imali znak u dvjema grupama koje su se sukobile: jednoj koja se borila na Allahovom putu, i drugoj, nevjerničkoj. Oni su ih vidjeli dvostruko brojnijim od sebe. A Allah Svojom pomoći podržava koga On hoće! To je, doista, pouka za one koji su razboriti.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Vi ste imali znak u dvjema grupama koje su se sukobile: jednoj koja se borila na Allahovom putu, i drugoj, nevjerničkoj. Oni su ih vidjeli dvostruko brojnijim od sebe. A Allah Svojom pomoći podržava koga On hoće! To je, doista, pouka za one koji su razboriti.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Goongɗii laatanike on aaya e ɗin feddeejji ɗiɗi fottuɗi fii haɓugol: fedde goo no haɓa e laawol Alla, wonnde goo ko yeddunde, hiɓe yi'iraɓe yeru maɓɓe laawɓi ɗiɗi giiɗe gite. Alla no Semmbinira balla makko ngal o mo o muuyi. Pellet, no e ɗum waaju wonannde joomiraaɓe haqqillaaji.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
თქვენთვის (მედინელო იუდეველნო) ნიშანი იყო ორ ლაშქარში, რომლებიც შეხვდნენ ერთმანეთს (ბადრის წყაროსთან): ერთი ლაშქარი იბრძოდა ალლაჰის გზაზე, ხოლო მეორე — ურწმუნო იყო. და ხედავდნენ ისინი (ურწმუნონი) მათ (მორწმუნეებს) ორჯერ მეტს თვალით (ვიდრე სინამდვილეში იყვნენ). და მართლაც, ალლაჰი ამაგრებს თავისი დახმარებით იმას, ვისაც ინებებს. ჭეშმარიტად, ამაში არის შეგონება გამჭრიახთათვის.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Ihr hattet ja ein Zeichen in zwei Scharen, die aufeinandertrafen: Die eine kämpfte auf dem Weg Allahs und eine andere war (eine) ungläubige. Sie sahen sie dem Augenschein, (dass sie) zweimal so viel waren wie sie (selbst). Und Allah stärkt mit Seiner Unterstützung, wen Er will. Darin ist fürwahr eine Lehre für diejenigen, die Einsicht besitzen.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Υπήρχε για σας ένα σημάδι (και νουθεσία και μάθημα) σε δύο ομάδες (δύο στρατούς) που συναντήθηκαν (στη μάχη του Μπαντρ). Μια ομάδα πολεμούσε στον δρόμο του Αλλάχ, και η άλλη ήταν άπιστη. (Οι πιστοί) είδαν αυτούς (τους άπιστους) με τα μάτια τους δύο φορές τον αριθμό τους. Και ο Αλλάχ υποστηρίζει με τη νίκη Του όποιον θέλει. Πράγματι, σ’ αυτό είναι ένα μάθημα για όσους έχουν όραση (και κατανόηση).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
निश्चय तुम्हारे लिए उन दो दलों में बड़ी निशानी थी, जिनमें (बद्र के मैदान में) मुठभेड़ हुई। एक दल अल्लाह के मार्ग में लड़ता था और दूसरा काफ़िर था। ये (मुसलमान) उन (काफ़िरों) को अपनी आँखों से अपने से दुगना देख रहे थे। और अल्लाह जिसे चाहता है अपनी सहायता से शक्ति प्रदान करता है। निःसंदेह इसमें आँखों वालों के लिए निश्चय बड़ी इबरत (सीख)[6] है।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
Ci fu un Segno per voi nei due eserciti: un gruppo combatteva per la causa di Allāh e un altro era miscredente, e vedeva il proprio numero raddoppiato coi suoi occhi; e Allāh sostiene sempre, col Suo sostegno, chi vuole; in verità in ciò c’è un insegnamento per quelli che hanno una chiara veduta.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
13. Jums (judėjai) jau buvo ženklas – dvi susitikusios armijos (kovoje, t. y. Badr). Viena kovojo vardan Allaho, o kita – (jie) buvo netikintieji. Jie (tikintieji) matė juos (netikinčiuosius) savo pačių akimis kaip dukart (daugiau nei) jų (pačių) skaičius (nors jų buvo triskart daugiau). Ir Allahas paremia su Savo Pergale tuos, ką Jis nori. Iš tiesų, tame yra pamoka tiems, kurie suvokia. (žr. ają 8:44).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Действительно, для вас было знамение в двух отрядах, которые сошлись: один сражался на пути Аллаха, а другой — отвергший веру. [Уверовавшие] видели их своими глазами вдвое превосходящими себя, но Аллах подкрепляет Своей помощью, кого пожелает. Воистину, в этом — поучительный пример для обладающих зрением.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Ви сте имали знак у двема групама које су се сукобиле: једној која се борила на Божјем путу, и другој, неверничкој. Они су их видели двоструко бројнијим од себе. А Аллах Својом помоћи подржава кога Он хоће! То је, заиста, поука за оне који су разборити.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Hakika, mlikuwa na Ishara katika yale makundi mawili yalipokutana (katika vita). Kundi moja likipigana katika Njia ya Mwenyezi Mungu, nalo lingine kafiri likiwaona zaidi kuliko wao mara mbili, kwa kuona kwa macho. Na Mwenyezi Mungu humuunga mkono amtakaye kwa nusura yake. Hakika, katika hayo kuna mazingatio kwa wenye macho yaliyo sawa.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Ni har redan fått ett tecken i de två krigshärarna som möttes [på slagfältet vid Badr]. Den ena stred för Guds skull och den andra bestod av otrogna. De såg dem med sina egna ögon som om de var dubbelt så många som de själva, men Gud stärker med sin seger den han vill. I detta ligger visst en lärdom för de klarsynta.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
(Bedir'de) Karşı karşıya gelen iki toplulukta, sizin için bir ayet vardır. Bunlardan biri Allah yolunda savaşıyordu, diğeri ise kâfir idi. Gözleriyle onların kendilerinin iki misli olduklarını görüyorlardı. Allah, dilediğini yardımıyla güçlendirir. Bunda, basiret sahipleri için gerçekten ibret vardır.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
یقیناً تمہارے لئے عبرت کی نشانی تھی ان دو جماعتوں میں جو گتھ گئی تھیں، ایک جماعت تو اللہ تعالیٰ کی راه میں لڑ رہی تھی اور دوسرا گروه کافروں کا تھا وه انہیں اپنی آنکھوں سے اپنے سے دگنا دیکھتے تھے[1] اور اللہ تعالیٰ جسے چاہے اپنی مدد سے قوی کرتا ہے۔ یقیناً اس میں آنکھوں والوں کے لئے بڑی عبرت ہے۔
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
DIN 31635kadaʾbi ʾāli firʿawna wallaḏīna min qablihim kaḏḏabū biʾāyātinā faʾaḫaḏahumu llāhu biḏunūbihim wallāhu šadīdu l-ʿiqābi
Talal Itani2012 Like the behavior of Pharaoh's people and those before them. They rejected Our signs, so God seized them for their sins. God is Strict in retribution.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Like Pharaoh's folk and those who were before them, they disbelieved Our revelations and so Allah seized them for their sins. And Allah is severe in punishment
Edward Henry Palmer1880 As was the wont of Pharaoh's people, and those before them, they said our signs were lies, and God caught them up in their sins, for God is severe to punish
John Medows Rodwell1861 After the wont of the people of Pharaoh, and of those who went before them, they treated our signs as falsehoods. Therefore God laid hold of them in their sins; and God is severe in punishing
George Sale1734 According to the wont of the people of Pharaoh, and of those who went before them, they charged our signs with a lie; but God caught them in their wickedness, and God is severe in punishing
DIN 31635qul lillaḏīna kafarū satuġlabūna watuḥšarūna ʾilā ǧahannama wabiʾsa l-mihādu
The translators word this verse differently
Talal Itani2012 Say to those who disbelieve, "You will be defeated, and rounded up into Hell-an awful resting-place."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Say (O Muhammad) unto those who disbelieve: Ye shall be overcome and gathered unto Hell, an evil resting-place
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Say to those who misbelieve, 'Ye shall be overcome and driven together to hell, an ill couch will it be
John Medows Rodwell1861 Say to the infidels: ye shall be worsted, and to Hell shall ye be gathered together; and wretched the couch
George Sale1734 Say unto those who believe not, ye shall be overcome, and thrown together into hell ; an unhappy couch shall it be
DIN 31635zuyyina lilnnāsi ḥubbu š-šahawāti mina n-nisāʾi wal-banīna wal-qanāṭīri l-muqanṭarati mina ḏ-ḏahabi wal-fiḍḍati wal-ḫayli l-musawwamati wal-ʾanʿāmi wal-ḥarṯi ḏālika matāʿu l-ḥayāti d-dunyā wallāhu ʿindahu ḥusnu l-maʾābi
The translators word this verse differently
Talal Itani2012 Adorned for the people is the love of desires, such as women, and children, and piles upon piles of gold and silver, and branded horses, and livestock, and fields. These are the conveniences of the worldly life, but with God lies the finest resort.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Beautified for mankind is love of the joys (that come) from women and offspring; and stored-up heaps of gold and silver, and horses branded (with their mark), and cattle and land. That is comfort of the life of the world. Allah! With Him is a more excellent abode
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Seemly unto men is a life of lusts, of women, and children, and hoarded talents of gold and silver, and of horses well-bred, and cattle, and tilth;- that is the provision for the life of this world; but God, with Him is the best resort
John Medows Rodwell1861 Fair-seeming to men is the love of pleasures from women and children, and the treasured treasures of gold and silver, and horses of mark, and flocks, and cornfields! Such the enjoyment of this world's life. But God! goodly the home with Him
George Sale1734 The love and eager desire of wives, and children, and sums heaped up of gold and silver, and excellent horses, and cattle, and land, is prepared for men: This is the provision of the present life; but unto God shall be the most excellent return
Easy-read (simplified)qul a'unabbi'ukum bikhayrin min dhaalikum lilladheena taqaw 'inda rabbihim jannaatun tajree min tahtihaa l-'anhaaru khaalideena feehaa wa'azwaajun mutahharatun waridwaanun mina llaahi wallaahu baseerun bil-'ibaad
DIN 31635qul ʾaʾunabbiʾukum biḫayrin min ḏālikum lillaḏīna taqaw ʿinda rabbihim ǧannātun taǧrī min taḥtihā l-ʾanhāru ḫālidīna fīhā waʾazwāǧun muṭahharatun wariḍwānun mina llāhi wallāhu baṣīrun bil-ʿibādi
Talal Itani2012 Say, "Shall I inform you of something better than that? For those who are righteous, with their Lord are Gardens beneath which rivers flow, where they will remain forever, and purified spouses, and acceptance from God." God is Observant of the servants.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Say: Shall I inform you of something better than that? For those who keep from evil, with their Lord, are Gardens underneath which rivers flow wherein they will abide, and pure companions, and contentment from Allah. Allah is Seer of His bondmen
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Say, 'But shall we tell you of a better thing than this?' For those who fear are gardens with their Lord, beneath which rivers flow; they shall dwell therein for aye, and pure wives and grace from God; the Lord looks on His servants
John Medows Rodwell1861 SAY: Shall I tell you of better things than these, prepared for those who fear God, in His presence? Theirs shall be gardens, beneath whose pavilions the rivers flow, and in which shall they abide for aye: and wives of stainless purity, and acceptance with God: for God regardeth his servants
George Sale1734 Say, shall I declare unto you better things than this? For those who are devout are prepared with their Lord, gardens through which rivers flow; therin shall they continue for ever : And they shall enjoy wives free from impurity, and the favour of God; for God regardeth his servants
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.65 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · George Sale0.73
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.70
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.69
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.69
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.68
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.66
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.64
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.61
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.56
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.55
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
Sources, editions and licences for everything above
ReceiptsSource fact
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.