Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Say, "We believe in God, and in what was revealed to us; and in what was revealed to Abraham, and Ishmael, and Isaac, and Jacob, and the Patriarchs; and in what was given to Moses, and Jesus, and the prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and to Him we submit."
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
Say (OMuhammad): We believe in Allah and that which is revealed unto us and that which was revealed unto Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and the tribes, and that which was vouchsafed unto Moses and Jesus and the prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and unto Him we have surrendered
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
Say, 'We believe in God, and what has been revealed to thee, and what was revealed to Abraham, and Ishmael, and Isaac, and Jacob, and the tribes, and what was given to Moses, and Jesus, and the prophets from their Lord,- we will make no distinction between any of them,- and we are unto Him resigned
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
SAY: We believe in God, and in what hath been sent down to us, and what hath been sent down to Abraham, and Ismael, and Isaac, and Jacob, and the tribes, and in what was given to Moses, and Jesus, and the Prophets, from their Lord. We make no difference between them. And to Him are we resigned (Muslims)
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Say, we believe in God, and that which hath been sent down unto us, and that which was sent down unto Abraham, and Ismael, and Isaac, and Jacob, and the tribes, and that which was delivered to Moses, and Jesus, and the prophets, from their Lord; we make no distinction between any of them; and to him are we resigned
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Thuaj: "Ne besojmë Allahun, atë që na është shpallur neve (Kuranin), atë që u është shpallur Ibrahimit, Ismailit, Ishakut, Jakubit dhe esbatëve (pejgamberëve nga bijtë e Jakubit), atë që u është dhënë Musait e Isait dhe pejgamberëve (të tjerë) nga Zoti i tyre. Ne nuk bëjmë asnjë dallim midis tyre[5] dhe vetëm Allahut i përulemi."
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
হে রাসূল! তুমি বল: ‘আমরা ঈমান এনেছি আল্লাহর প্রতি, আমাদের প্রতি যা নাযিল হয়েছে তার প্রতি, ইবরাহীম, ইসমা’ঈল, ইসহাক, ইয়া’কূব ও তাঁর বংশধরগণের প্রতি যা নাযিল হয়েছিল তার প্রতি এবং যা মূসা, ‘ঈসা ও অন্যান্য নবীগণকে তাঁদের রবের পক্ষ থেকে প্রদান করা হয়েছিল তার প্রতিও। আমরা তাঁদের কারও মধ্যে কোনো তারতম্য করি না।(৫০) আর আমরা তাঁরই কাছে একান্তভাবে আত্মসমর্পণকারী ।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Reci: "Mi vjerujemo u Allaha i u ono što je objavljeno nama, i što je objavljeno Ibrahimu, i Ismailu, i Ishaku, i Jakubu i potomcima, i u ono što je dato Musau i Isau i vjerovjesnicima od Gospodara njihovoga; mi nikakvu razliku između njih ne pravimo, i mi smo Njemu predani."
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Reci: "Mi vjerujemo u Allaha i u ono što je objavljeno nama, i što je objavljeno Abrahamu, i Išmaelu, i Izaku, i Jakovu i potomcima, i u ono što je dato Mojsiju i Isusu i vjerovjesnicima od Gospodara njihovoga; mi nikakvu razliku između njih ne pravimo, i mi smo Njemu predani."
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Maaku: "Men gomɗinii Alla e ko jippinaa dow amen e ko jippinaa dow Ibrahiima e Isma'iila e Ishaaqa e Yaaquuba e Taaniraaɓe ɓen e ko Muusaa e Iisaa okkaa e Annabaaɓe ɓen immorde ka Joomi maɓɓe. Men serndataa hakkunde gooto e maɓɓe, Menen wonan de Mo ko men jebbiliiɓe".
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
უთხარი (მათ) (ო, შუამავალო): «ჩვენ ვირწმუნეთ ალლაჰი და ის, რაც გარდმოვლენილ იქნა (შუამავლებზე) იბრაჰიმზე, ისმაილზე, ისჰაყზე, იაყუბზე და ტომებზე — [შუამავლებს იაყუბის თორმეტი შთამომავლობისგან]; და ის, რაც მიეცა მუსას [თორა], და 'ისას [ინჯილი], და (სხვა) შუამავლებს მათი უფლისგან. ჩვენ არ ვაკეთებთ განსხვავებას არცერთ მათგანს შორის, და ჩვენ მას — (ალლაჰს) — ვემორჩილებით [ვაღიარებთ მხოლოდ მას შემოქმედად და ღმერთად და სრულად ვემორჩილებით მხოლოდ მას]».
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Sag: „Wir glauben an Allah und an das, was auf uns hinabgesandt worden ist, und was hinabgesandt worden ist auf Ibrahim, Isma'il, Ishaq, Ya'qub und den (Propheten unter den) Enkeln (Ya'qubs), und was Musa, 'Isa und den Propheten von ihrem Herrn gegeben worden ist. Wir machen keinen Unterschied zwischen ihnen, und wir sind (Ihm ergebene) Muslime.“
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Πες (ω, Μωχάμμαντ): «Πιστεύουμε στον Αλλάχ και σε ό,τι στάλθηκε σ' εμάς (από Θεία αποκάλυψη), και σε ό,τι στάλθηκε στον Ιμπραήμ (Αβραάμ), στον Ισμαήλ, στον Ισαάκ, στον Ιάκωβο και στους Αλ-Ασμπάτ (τους προφήτες από τους απογόνους του Ιακώβου), και σε ό,τι δόθηκε στον Μωυσή, στον Ιησού και στους Προφήτες από τον Κύριό τους. Καμία διάκριση δεν κάνουμε σε κανέναν απ' αυτούς (δηλ. πιστεύουμε σ' όλους τους) και σ' Αυτόν (στον Αλλάχ) είμαστε Μουσουλμάνοι (υποταγμένοι στη Βούλησή Του).»
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
(ऐ रसूल!) कह दो : हम अल्लाह पर ईमान लाए और उसपर जो हमपर उतारा गया, और जो इबराहीम, इसमाईल, इसह़ाक़, याक़ूब तथा उनकी संतान पर उतारा गया, और जो मूसा तथा ईसा और दूसरे नबियों को उनके पालनहार की ओर से दिया गया, हम इनमें से किसी एक के बीच अंतर नहीं करते[47] और हम उसी (अल्लाह) के आज्ञाकारी हैं।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
Di’: «Noi crediamo in Allāh, in ciò che è stato fatto discendere su di noi e in ciò che è stato fatto discendere su Ibrāhīm, e Isma’īl, e Is’ħaq, e Ya’ǭūb e alle Tribù, e in ciò che venne dato a Mūsā, e a ‘Īsa e ai Profeti dal loro Dio – non facciamo differenze tra di loro – e siamo a Lui sottomessi.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
84. Sakyk (Muchammedai ﷺ ): „Mes tikime Allahą ir tuo, kas buvo mums nuleista, ir tuo, kas buvo nuleista Ibrahimui (Abraomui), Ismailiui (Izmaeliui), Ishakui (Izaokui), Jakūbui (Jokūbui) ir Al-Asbat [dvylikos Jakūbo (Jokūbo) sūnų palikuonims], ir kas buvo suteikta Mūsai (Mozei), Isai (Jėzui) ir Pranašams iš jų Viešpaties. Mes neišskiriame jų ir Jam (Allahui) mes paklusome (islame).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Скажи: «Мы уверовали в Аллаха и в то, что было ниспослано нам, и в то, что было ниспослано Ибрахиму, Исма‘илу, Исхаку, Я‘кубу и коленам [Исраила], и в то, что было даровано Мусе, ‘Исе и пророкам от их Господа. Мы не делаем различий между кем-либо из них, и мы — покорные Ему».
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Реци: „Ми верујемо у Аллаха и у оно што је објављено нама, и што је објављено Авраму, и Јишмаелу, и Исаку, и Јакову и потомцима, и у оно што је дато Мојсију и Исусу и веровесницима од њиховог Господара; ми никакву разлику између њих не правимо, и ми смо предани Њему.“
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Sema: Tumemwamini Mwenyezi Mungu, na yale tuliyoteremshiwa sisi, na yale yaliyoteremshwa kwa Ibrahim, na Ismail, na Is-haak na Yaakub na wana wake, na yale aliyopewa Musa na Isa na Manabii wengine kutoka kwa Mola wao Mlezi. Hatutofautishi yeyote baina yao, na sisi ni wenye kujisalimisha kwake.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Säg: ”Vi tror på Gud och på det som har uppenbarats för oss, och på det som uppenbarades för Abraham, Ismael, Isak, Jakob och de av hans ättlingar [som var profeter], och på det som gavs till Moses, Jesus och profeterna från deras Herre. Vi gör ingen åtskillnad mellan någon av dem, och det är endast honom vi underkastar oss.”
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Deyin ki: ''Biz Allah’a, bize indirilene (Kur’an’a), İbrahim, İsmail, İshak, Ya'kûb ve torunlarına indirilene, Mûsâ ve İsa’ya verilen (Tevrat ve İncil) ile bütün diğer peygamberlere Rablerinden verilene iman ettik. Onlardan hiçbirini diğerinden ayırt etmeyiz. Biz Allah'a teslim olanlarız."
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
آپ کہہ دیجئے کہ ہم اللہ تعالیٰ پر اور جو کچھ ہم پر اتارا گیا ہے اور جو کچھ ابراہیم (علیہ السلام) اور اسماعیل (علیہ السلام) اور اسحاق (علیہ السلام) اور یعقوب (علیہ السلام) اوران کی اوﻻد پر اتارا گیا اور جو کچھ موسیٰ وعیسیٰ (علیہما السلام) اور دوسرے انبیاء (علیہم السلام) اللہ تعالیٰ کی طرف سے دیئے گئے، ان سب پر ایمان ﻻئے[1] ، ہم ان میں سے کسی کے درمیان فرق نہیں کرتے اور ہم اللہ تعالیٰ کے فرمانبردار ہیں۔
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
DIN 31635ʾafaġayra dīni llāhi yabġūna walahu ʾaslama man fī s-samāwāti wal-ʾarḍi ṭawʿan wakarhan waʾilayhi yurǧaʿūna
Talal Itani2012 Do they desire other than the religion of God, when to Him has submitted everything in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly, and to Him they will be returned?
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Seek they other than the religion of Allah, when unto Him submitteth whosoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly, and unto Him they will be returned
Edward Henry Palmer1880 What is it other than God's religion that they crave? when to Him is resigned whosoever is in the heavens and the earth, will he or nill he, and to him shall they return
John Medows Rodwell1861 Other religion than that of God desire they? To him doth everything that is in the Heavens and in the Earth submit, in willing or forced obedience! and to Him do they return
George Sale1734 Do they therefore seek any other religion but God's? Since to him is resigned whosoever is in heaven or on earth, voluntarily, or of force: And to him shall they return
DIN 31635waman yabtaġi ġayra l-ʾislāmi dīnan falan yuqbala minhu wahuwa fī l-ʾāḫirati mina l-ḫāsirīna
Talal Itani2012 Whoever seeks other than Islam as a religion, it will not be accepted from him, and in the Hereafter he will be among the losers.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And whoso seeketh as religion other than the Surrender (to Allah) it will not be accepted from him, and he will be a loser in the Hereafter
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Whosoever craves other than Islam for a religion, it shall surely not be accepted from him, and he shall, in the next world, be of those who lose
John Medows Rodwell1861 Whoso desireth any other religion than Islam, that religion shall never be accepted from him, and in the next world he shall be among the lost
George Sale1734 Whoever followeth any other religion than Islam, it shall not be accepted of him: And in the next life he shall be of those who perish
Talal Itani2012 How will God guide a people who disbelieved after having believed, and had witnessed that the Messenger is true, and the clear proofs had come to them? God does not guide the unjust people.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 How shall Allah guide a people who disbelieved after their belief and (after) they bore witness that the messenger is true and after clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty) had come unto them. And Allah guideth not wrongdoing folk
Edward Henry Palmer1880 How shall God guide people who have disbelieved after believing and bearing witness that the Apostle is true, and after there come to them manifest signs? God guides the unjust folk
John Medows Rodwell1861 How shall God guide a people who, after they had believed and bore witness that the apostle was true, and after that clear proofs of his mission had reached them, disbelieved? God guideth not the people who transgress
George Sale1734 How shall God direct men who have become infidels after they had believed, and born witness that the apostle was true, and manifest declarations of the divine will had come unto them? For God directeth not the ungodly people
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.38 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.55
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.43
Talal Itani · George Sale0.40
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.40
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.40
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.39
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.37
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.34
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.29
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.26
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
Sources, editions and licences for everything above
ReceiptsSource fact
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.