Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
If a woman fears maltreatment or desertion from her husband, there is no fault in them if they reconcile their differences, for reconciliation is best. Souls are prone to avarice; yet if you do what is good, and practicepiety-God is Cognizant of what you do.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
If a woman feareth ill treatment from her husband, or desertion, it is no sin for them twain if they maketerms of peace between themselves. Peace is better. But greed hath been madepresent in the minds (of men). If ye do good and keep from evil, lo! Allah is ever Informed of what ye do
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
And if a woman fears from her husband perverseness or aversion, it is no crime in them both that they should be reconciled to each other, for reconciliation is best. For souls are prone to avarice; but if ye act kindly and fear God, of what ye do He is aware
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
And if a wife fear ill usage or aversion on the part of her husband, then shall it be no fault in them if they can agree with mutualagreement, for agreement is best. Men's souls are prone to avarice; but if ye act kindly and fear God, then, verily, your actions are not unnoticed by God
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
If a woman fear ill usage, or aversion from her husband, it shall be no crime in them if they agree the matteramicably between themselves; for a reconciliation is better than a separation. Mens souls are naturallyinclined to covetousness: But if ye be kind towards women, and fear to wrong them, God is wellacquainted with what ye do
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Nëse një grua ka frikë nga përbuzja ose shmangia e burrit të saj, nuk ka gjynah për ata të dy të bëjnë ndonjë marrëveshje mes tyre, e marrëveshja është më e mirë (sesa ndarja). Shpirtrat janë të prirë nga lakmia, por, nëse silleni mirë dhe ruheni, pa dyshim, Allahu e di mirë çfarë veproni.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
আর কোনো স্ত্রী যদি তার স্বামীর দুর্ব্যবহার কিংবা উপেক্ষার আশঙ্কা করে, তবে তারা পরস্পর সমঝোতা করতে চাইলে, তাদের কোনো দোষ নেই এবং পরস্পর সমঝোতাই শ্রেয়। কেননা লোভ ও কৃপণতা দিয়েই মানুষের মানসিকতা তৈরি করা হয়েছে। আর যদি তোমরা সৎকর্মপরায়ণ ও মুত্তাকী হও, তবে জেনে রেখো, তোমরা যা করো আল্লাহ তো তার খবর রাখেন।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Ako se neka žena plaši muževe mržnje ili izbjegavanja, onda se oni neće ogriješiti ako se međusobno nagode, a nagodba je bolja. Ljudske duše sklone su pohlepi. I ako vi budete lijepo postupali i Allaha se bojali – pa Allah u potpunosti zna ono što radite.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Ako se neka žena plaši muževe mržnje ili izbjegavanja, onda se oni neće ogriješiti ako se međusobno nagode, a nagodba je bolja. Ljudske duše sklone su pohlepi. I ako vi budete lijepo postupali i Allaha se bojali – pa Allah u potpunosti zna ono što radite.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Si wonii debbo hulii moodi makko e suwtaade maa ɗuurnaare, bakkaat fawaaki ɓe nde ɓe moƴƴiŋtinirta hakkunde maɓɓe kalo moƴƴingol.Ko moƴƴingol on ɓuri moƴƴude, Pittaali ɗin tawdanaama ndeereraagu.Si on moƴƴinii on gooŋɗii, pellet Alla seeraani kumpitiiɗo ko golloton.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
და თუ ქალი თავისი ქმრის მხრიდან შიშობს გაუცხოებას [როდესაც იგი, მისი სიბერის გამო, გაცივდება მის მიმართ] ან უგულებელყოფას [როდესაც იგი აღარ აქცევს ყურადღებას და აღარ უყურებს მას], — მაშინ ცოდვა არ იქნება მათ ორზე, თუ ისინი ერთმანეთში შეთანხმდებიან. და შერიგება უკეთესია. ხოლო სულებში მუდამ არის სიძუნწე. თუ კი თქვენ კეთილად მოექცევით თქვენს ცოლებს და შეეშინდებით (ალლაჰის სასჯელის) მაშინ, ჭეშმარიტად, ალლაჰი მცოდნეა იმისა, რასაც თქვენ აკეთებთ.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Und wenn eine Frau von ihrem Ehemann Widersetzlichkeit oder Meidung befürchtet, so ist es kein Vergehen für sie (beide), sich in Frieden zu einigen; denn friedliche Einigung ist besser. Und die Seelen sind für die Habsucht zugänglich. Doch wenn ihr wohltätig seid und (Allah) fürchtet, so ist Allah gewiss dessen kundig, was ihr tut.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Και αν μια γυναίκα φοβάται αλαζονική συμπεριφορά ή αποστροφή απ’ το σύζυγό της (λόγω του ότι δεν είναι όμορφη ή είναι σε μεγάλη ηλικία και ο άνδρας της θέλει να τη χωρίσει και να παντρευτεί άλλη, τότε) δεν υπάρχει αμαρτία σε κανέναν από τους δύο, αν συμφιλιωθούν (με το να αφήσει η σύζυγος κάποια από τα δικαιώματά της στον άνδρα της ώστε να μην τη χωρίσει, όπως το να μην μείνει μαζί της τον ίδιο αριθμό ημερών όπως μένει με την άλλη σύζυγο)· η συμφιλίωση είναι καλύτερη (από το διαζύγιο). Πράγματι, οι (ανθρώπινες) ψυχές δημιουργήθηκαν μέσα στην τσιγκουνιά (καμία ψυχή δεν θέλει να αφήσει τίποτε από τα δικαιώματά της). Αν πράττετε το καλό (σε όλα τα θέματά σας) και φυλάσσεστε από την τιμωρία του Αλλάχ (τηρώντας τις εντολές Του), πράγματι, ο Αλλάχ για ό,τι κάνετε έχει απεριόριστη γνώση.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
और यदि किसी स्त्री को अपने पति की ओर से ज़्यादती या बेरुखी का डर हो, तो उन दोनों पर कोई दोष नहीं कि आपस में समझौता कर लें और समझौता कर लेना ही बेहतर[83] है। तथा लोभ एवं कंजूसी तो मानव स्वभाव में शामिल है। परंतु यदि तुम एक-दूसरे के साथ उपकार करो और (अल्लाह से) डरते रहो, तो निःसंदेह अल्लाह तुम्हारे कर्मों से सूचित है।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
E se una donna teme la disaffezione da suo marito o il suo distacco, non c’è colpa per loro se mettono pace tra di loro – e la pace è sempre migliore – ma l’anima tende all’avidità ed è bene che siate devoti, in verità Allāh di ciò che fate è Conoscitore.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
128. Ir jei moteris bijosi šiurkštaus elgesio ar apleidimo iš savo vyro pusės, nėra jiems abiems nuodėmės, jei jie iškelia taikos tarp savęs sąlygas. Žmogaus vidinis "aš" visada yra veikiamas gobšumo. Tačiau jei jūs darote gera ir laikotės toli nuo blogo, iš tiesų, Allahas yra Visada Gerai Susipažinęs su tuo, ką jūs darote.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Если женщина опасается от своего мужа неблагосклонности или отчуждения, то нет на них обоих греха, если они примирятся между собой. Ведь примирение — благо, а душам присуща склонность к скупости. Если же вы будете добродетельны и богобоязненны, то, воистину, Аллах всегда был [и пребудет] сведущим о том, что вы совершаете.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Ако се нека жена плаши мужеве мржње или избегавања, онда се они неће огрешити ако се међусобно нагоде, а нагодба је боља. Људске душе склоне су похлепи. И ако ви будете лепо поступали и Аллаха се бојали - па Аллах у потпуности зна оно што радите.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Na mwanamke akihofia kutupwa au kutojaliwa na mumewe, basi si vibaya kwao wakisikizana kwa suluhu. Na suluhu ni bora. Na nafsi zimewekewa machoni mwake tamaa na uchoyo. Na mkifanya wema na mkamcha Mungu, basi hakika Mwenyezi Mungu anazo habari za yote mnayoyatenda.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Om en kvinna fruktar att hennes man ska behandla henne illa eller dra sig undan henne, gör de inget fel i att söka förlikning, och förlikning är bättre [än skilsmässa]. Själviskheten ligger djupt i människans själ. Men om ni gör gott och visar gudsfruktan, är Gud förvisso väl medveten om vad ni gör.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Eğer bir kadın, kocasının geçimsizliğinden veya yüz çevirmesinden korkuyorsa, bir anlaşma ile aralarını düzeltmelerinde bir günah yoktur. Anlaşma daha iyidir. Nefisler kıskançlığa meyyaldir. Eğer iyilik eder ve geçimsizlikten sakınırsanız, şüphesiz Allah, yaptığınız her şeyden haberdardır.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
اگر کسی عورت کو اپنے شوہر کی بد دماغی اور بے پرواہی کا خوف ہو تو دونوں آپس میں جو صلح کر لیں اس میں کسی پر کوئی گناه نہیں[1] ۔ صلح بہت بہتر چیز ہے، طمع ہر ہر نفس میں شامل کر دی گئی ہے[2]۔ اگر تم اچھا سلوک کرو اور پرہیزگاری کرو تو تم جو کر رہے ہو اس پر اللہ تعالیٰ پوری طرح خبردار ہے۔
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 To God belongs what is in the heavens and what is on earth, and God encompasses everything.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Unto Allah belongeth whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth. Allah ever surroundeth all things
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And God's is what is in the heavens and in the earth, and God encompasses all things
John Medows Rodwell1861 All that is in the Heavens and all that is on the Earth is God's: and God encompasseth all things
George Sale1734 And to God belongeth whatsoever is in heaven and on earth; God comprehendeth all things
Talal Itani2012 They ask you for a ruling about women. Say, "God gives you a ruling about them, and so does what is stated to you in the Book about widowed women from whom you withhold what is decreed for them, yet you desire to marry them, and about helpless children: that you should treat the orphans fairly." Whatever good you do, God knows it.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 They consult thee concerning women. Say: Allah giveth you decree concerning them, and the Scripture which hath been recited unto you (giveth decree), concerning female orphans and those unto whom ye give not that which is ordained for them though ye desire to marry them, and (concerning) the weak among children, and that ye should deal justly with orphans. Whatever good ye do, lo! Allah is ever Aware of it
Edward Henry Palmer1880 They will ask thee a decision about women; say, 'God decides for you about them, and that which is rehearsed to you in the Book; about orphan women to whom ye do not give what is prescribed for them, and whom ye are averse from marrying; and about weak children; and that ye stand fairly by orphans;- and what ye do of good, verily, that God knows
John Medows Rodwell1861 Moreover, they will consult thee in regard to women: SAY: God hath instructed you about them; and His will is rehearsed to you, in the Book, concerning female orphans to whom ye give not their legal due, and whom ye refuse to marry; also with regard to weak children; and that ye deal with fairness towards orphans. Ye cannot do a good action, but verily God knoweth it
George Sale1734 They will consult thee concerning women; answer, God instructeth you concerning them, and that which is read unto you in the book of the Koran concerning female orphans, to whom ye give not that which is ordained them, neither will ye marry them, and concerning weak infants, and that ye observe justice towards orphans: Whatever good ye do, God knoweth it
Talal Itani2012 You will not be able to treat women with equal fairness, no matter how much you desire it. But do not be so biased as to leave another suspended. If you make amends, and act righteously-God is Forgiving and Merciful.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Ye will not be able to deal equally between (your) wives, however much ye wish (to do so). But turn not altogether away (from one), leaving her as in suspense. If ye do good and keep from evil, lo! Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Ye are not able, it may be, to act equitably to your wives, even though ye covet it; do not however be quite partial, and leave one as it were in suspense; but if ye be reconciled and fear, then God is forgiving and merciful
John Medows Rodwell1861 And ye will not have it at all in your power to treat your wives alike, even though you fain would do so; but yield not wholly to disinclination, so that ye leave one of them as it were in suspense; if ye come to an understanding, and fear God, then, verily, God is Forgiving, Merciful
George Sale1734 Ye can by no means carry your selves equally between women in all respects, although ye study to do it; Therefore turn not from a wife with all manner of aversion, nor leave her like one in suspense: If ye agree, and fear to abuse your wives, God is gracious and merciful
DIN 31635waʾin yatafarraqā yuġni llāhu kullan min saʿatihi wakāna llāhu wāsiʿan ḥakīman
Talal Itani2012 And if they separate, God will enrich each from His abundance. God is Bounteous and Wise.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 But if they separate, Allah will compensate each out of His abundance. Allah is ever All-Embracing, All-Knowing
Edward Henry Palmer1880 but if they separate, God can make both independent out of His abundance; for God is abundant, wise
John Medows Rodwell1861 But if they separate, God can compensate both out of His abundance; for God is Vast, Wise
George Sale1734 but if they separate, God will satisfy them both of His abundance; for God is extensive and wise
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.66 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.77
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.72
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.72
Talal Itani · George Sale0.70
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.69
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.68
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.61
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.58
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.57
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.54
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
Sources, editions and licences for everything above
ReceiptsSource fact
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.