Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Forbidden for you are your mothers, your daughters, your sisters, your paternal aunts, your maternal aunts, your brother's daughters, your sister's daughters, your foster-mothers who nursed you, your sisters through nursing, your wives' mothers, and your stepdaughters in your guardianship-born of wives you have gone into-but if you have not gone into them, there is no blame on you. And the wives of your genetic sons, and marrying two sisters simultaneously. Except what is past. God is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
Forbidden unto you are your mothers, and your daughters, and your sisters, and your father's sisters, and your mother's sisters, and your brother's daughters and your sister's daughters, and your foster-mothers, and your foster-sisters, and your mothers-in-law, and your step-daughters who are under your protection (born) of your women unto whom ye have gone in - but if ye have not gone in unto them, then it is no sin for you (to marry their daughters) - and the wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins. And (it is forbidden unto you) that ye should have two sisters together, except what hath already happened (of that nature) in the past. Lo! Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
unlawful for you are your mothers, and your daughters, and your sisters, and your paternal aunts and maternal aunts, and your brother's daughters, and your sister's daughters, and your foster mothers, and your foster sisters, and your wives' mothers, and your step daughters who are your wards, born of your wives to whom ye have gone in; but if ye have not gone in unto them, then it is no crime in you; and the lawfulspouses of your sons from your own loins, and that ye form a connexion between two sisters,- except bygones,- verily, God is forgiving, merciful
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Forbidden to you are your mothers, and your daughters, and your sisters, and your aunts, both on the father and mother's side, and your nieces on the brother and sister's side, and your foster-mothers, and your foster-sisters, and the mothers of your wives, and your step-daughters who are your wards, born of your wives to whom ye have gone in: (but if ye have not gone in unto them, it shall be no sin in you to marry them;) and the wives of your sons who proceed out of your loins; and ye may not have two sisters; except where it is already done. Verily, God is Indulgent, Merciful
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Ye are forbidden to marry your mothers, and your daughters, and your sisters, and your aunts both on the fathers and on the mothers side, and your brothers daughters, and your sisters daughters, and your mothers who have given you suck, and your foster-sisters, and your wives mothers, and your daughters-in-law which are under your tuition, born of your wives unto whom ye have gone in, -- but if ye have not gone in unto them, it shall be no sin in you to marry them, -- and the wives of your sons who proceed out of your loins; and ye are also forbidden to take to wife two sisters; except what is already past: For God is gracious and merciful
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Ju janë ndaluar (për martesë) nënat tuaja, bijat tuaja, motrat tuaja, hallat tuaja, tezet tuaja, bijat e vëllait, bijat e motrës, nënat tuaja nga qumështi, motrat tuaja nga qumështi, nënat e grave tuaja, thjeshtrat, të cilat i keni nën kujdesin tuaj, (të lindura) nga gratë me të cilat keni pasur marrëdhënie intime, e, në qoftë se nuk keni pasur marrëdhënie intime me to, atëherë s'ka gjynah për ju (të martoheni me vajzat e tyre). Po ashtu (ju janë ndaluar) gratë e bijve tuaj të lindur nga ju dhe të merrni dy motra njëkohësisht, përveç rasteve që tashmë kanë kaluar. Me të vërtetë, Allahu është Falës i Madh e Mëshirëplotë.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
তোমাদের জন্যে (যেসব নারীদেরকে বিয়ে করা) হারাম করা হয়েছে, তারা হলোঃ তোমাদের মা, মেয়ে, বোন, ফুফু, খালা, ভাইয়ের মেয়ে, বোনের মেয়ে, দুধমা, দুধ-বোন, শাশুড়ি ও তোমাদের স্ত্রীদের মধ্যে যার সাথে সহবাস করেছো তার আগের স্বামীর ঔরসে তার গর্ভজাত মেয়ে, যারা তোমাদের অভিভাবকত্বে আছে। তবে যদি তোমরা তাদের সাথে সহবাস না করে (তালাক দিয়ে থাকো) তবে পূর্ব স্বামীর ঔরসজাত কন্যাকে বিয়ে করতে কোনো অপরাধ নেই। আর তোমাদের জন্য নিষিদ্ধ তোমাদের ঔরসজাত ছেলের স্ত্রীদের (তালাকপ্রাপ্তা হলেও) এবং দুই বোনকে একত্র (বিয়ে) করা, তবে (ইসলাম পূর্ব জাহিলী যুগে) যা হয়েছে তা ছাড়া (আল্লাহ সেগুলো ক্ষমা করে দিয়েছেন)(১৩)। নিশ্চয়ই আল্লাহ ক্ষমাশীল, পরম দয়ালু।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Zabranjuju vam se majke vaše, i kćeri vaše, i sestre vaše, i sestre očeva vaših, i sestre majki vaših, i bratične vaše i sestrične vaše, i pomajke vaše, koje su vas dojile, i sestre vaše po mlijeku, i majke supruga vaših, i pastorke vaše koje se nalaze pod vašim skrbništvom od supruga vaših s kojim ste imali intimne odnose; ako s njima niste imali intimne odnose, onda vam nije grijeh; i supruge vaših rođenih sinova, i da dvije sestre sastavite, osim što je ranije bilo! Allah je, doista, Onaj Koji oprašta grijehe i milostiv je.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Zabranjuju vam se majke vaše, i kćeri vaše, i sestre vaše, i sestre očeva vaših, i sestre majki vaših, i kćeri braće vaše i kćeri sestara vaših, i pomajke vaše, koje su vas dojile, i sestre vaše po mlijeku, i majke supruga vaših, i pastorke vaše koje se nalaze pod vašim skrbništvom od supruga vaših s kojim ste imali intimne odnose; ako s njima niste imali intimne odnose, onda vam nije grijeh; i supruge vaših rođenih sinova, i da dvije sestre sastavite, osim što je ranije bilo! Allah je, doista, Onaj Koji oprašta grijehe i milostiv je.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Harminanaama on : neeniraaɓe mon ɓen, e jiwɓe mon ɓen, e banndiraaɓe mon rewɓe ɓen, e yaayiraaɓe mon ɓen, e neeniraaɓe mon ɓen ka dewol, e jiwɓe yumma gooto mon [gorko], e jiwɓe banndiraawo mon rewɓe, e neeniraaɓe mon muynimɓe on, e banndiraaɓe mon ɓen ka muynan, e neeniraaɓe ɓeynguuli mon, e njutteeɓe mon won ɓe ka cuuɗi mon iwɓe e ɓeynguuli mon ɓe naatiduɗon e suudu ; si tawii non on naatidaali e maɓɓe suudu, bakkaatu fawaaki on [e resugol ɓen], e [rewɓe] daganiiɓe ɓiɗɓe mon ɓen iwɓe ka keeci, e nde mooɓindirton hakkunde neene-gootooɓe ɗiɗo, si wanaa ɗum ko yawtunoo. Pellet, Alla Laatike Haforoowo Hinnotooɗo.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
აკრძალულია თქვენთვის: თქვენი დედები [დედა, ბებია და ზევით...], თქვენი ქალიშვილები [ქალიშვილები, შვილიშვილები და ქვემოთ...], თქვენი (სისხლით ნათესავი) დები [მამისა და დედის მხრიდან, მხოლოდ მამის მხრიდან და მხოლოდ დედის მხრიდან დები], თქვენი მამიდები (მამის მხრიდან) და დეიდები (დედის მხრიდან), ძმის ქალიშვილები და დის ქალიშვილები; და თქვენი ძუძუთი დედები [რომლებმაც გაწოვათ ძუძუ], და თქვენი ძუძუთი დები; და თქვენი ცოლების დედები (მიუხედავად იმისა, გქონდათ მათთან სიახლოვე თუ არა); და თქვენი გერები — თქვენი ცოლების ქალიშვილები, რომლებიც თქვენს მზრუნველობაში არიან [ზრუნვასა და აღზრდაში] იმ ცოლებისგან, რომლებთანაც უკვე გქონდათ სიახლოვე; ხოლო თუ ჯერ არ გქონიათ მათთან სიახლოვე, მაშინ თქვენზე ცოდვა არ არის (რომ დაქორწინდეთ გერზე, მისი დედისგან განქორწინების ან მისი სიკვდილის შემდეგ); და თქვენი საკუთარი შვილების ცოლები; და (ასევე აკრძალულია) ორი დის ერთდროულად მოყვანა ქორწინებაში [ერთდროულად დაქორწინება ორ დაზე, თუნდაც ძუძუთი დებზე], გარდა იმისა, რაც ადრე მოხდა [ამ აკრძალვამდე]. ჭეშმარიტად, ალლაჰი მიმტევებელი, შემწყალებელია.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Verboten (zu heiraten) sind euch eure Mütter, eure Töchter, eure Schwestern, eure Tanten väterlicherseits, eure Tanten mütterlicherseits, die Nichten (vom Bruder und der Schwester), eure Nährmütter, die euch gestillt haben, eure Milchschwestern, die Mütter eurer Gattinnen, eure Stieftöchter, die sich im Schoß eurer Familie befinden von euren Frauen, zu denen ihr eingegangen (und ihnen beigeschlafen) seid, - wenn ihr jedoch nicht zu ihnen eingegangen seid, so ist es keine Sünde für euch (, deren Töchter zu heiraten) - und (ebenfalls verboten zu heiraten sind euch) die Gattinnen eurer Söhne, die aus euren Lenden (hervorgegangen) sind, und (verboten ist es euch,) dass ihr zwei Schwestern (gleichzeitig) zusammen (zur Frau) nehmt, außer dem, was bereits geschehen ist. Wahrlich, Allah ist allvergebend und barmherzig.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Απαγορεύεται για σας να παντρευτείτε: τις μητέρες σας, τις κόρες σας, τις αδερφές σας, τις θείες σας από τη πλευρά του πατέρα σας, τις θείες σας από τη πλευρά της μητέρας σας, τις κόρες του αδερφού σας, τις κόρες της αδερφής σας, τις (γυναίκες που θεωρούνται σαν τις) μητέρες σας που σας θήλαζαν, τις αδερφές σας από το θηλασμό, τις πεθερές σας, τις θετές κόρες σας που είναι (ή όχι) υπό την κηδεμονία σας και είναι (οι κόρες) από τις γυναίκες σας που έχετε σεξουαλική επαφή μαζί τους, – ωστόσο, εάν δεν έχετε σεξουαλική επαφή μαζί τους (δηλ. με τις γυναίκες σας που είναι οι μητέρες τους και τις χωρίσατε), τότε δεν υπάρχει αμαρτία σ' εσάς (να τις παντρευτείτε) – και τις γυναίκες των γιων σας που είναι από την οσφύ σας (δηλ. τους βιολογικούς γιους), και (επίσης απαγορεύεται) να παντρευτείτε δύο αδερφές μαζί, εκτός από αυτό που συνέβη στο παρελθόν. Πράγματι, ο Αλλάχ είναι Γαφούρ (Αυτός που συγχωρεί τα πάντα) και Ραχείμ (Πολυεύσπλαχνος).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
तुमपर हराम[19] (निषिद्ध) कर दी गई हैं; तुम्हारी माताएँ, तुम्हारी बेटियाँ, तुम्हारी बहनें, तुम्हारी फूफियाँ, तुम्हारी मौसियाँ (खालाएँ) और भतीजियाँ, भाँजियाँ, तुम्हारी वे माताएँ जिन्होंने तुम्हें दूध पिलाया है, दूध के रिश्ते से तुम्हारी बहनें, तुम्हारी पत्नियों की माताएँ (सासें) , तुम्हारी गोद में पालित-पोषित तुम्हारी उन पत्नियों की बेटियाँ जिनसे तुम संभोग कर चुके हो। यदि तुमने उनसे संभोग न किया हो, तो तुमपर (उनकी बेटियों से विवाह करने में) कोई गुनाह नहीं, और तुम्हारे सगे बेटों की पत्नियाँ और यह कि तुम दो बहनों को (निकाह में) एकत्रित करो, परंतु जो (अज्ञानता के काल में) बीत चुका[20], (सो बीत चुका)। निःसंदेह अल्लाह अत्यंत क्षमाशील, असीम दयावान है।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
Vi sono vietate le vostre madri, le vostre figlie, le vostre sorelle, le vostre zie paterne, le vostre zie materne, le figlie dei vostri fratelli, le figlie delle vostre sorelle, le vostre madri di latte, le vostre sorelle di latte, le madri delle vostre mogli e le figliastre che sono state affidate a voi da donne che avete sposato, consumando il matrimonio. Ma se non avete consumato il matrimonio, in questo non ci sarà per voi peccato – e le mogli dei vostri figli nati dai vostri lombi; e non riunite due sorelle, tranne ciò che è stato già fatto in passato: in verità Allāh è Perdonatore, Misericordioso
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
23. Draudžiama jums (santuokai) yra: jūsų motinos, jūsų dukros, jūsų seserys, jūsų tėvo seserys, jūsų motinos seserys, jūsų brolių dukros, jūsų seserų dukros, jūsų žindyvės, kurios jus žindė, jūsų žindyvių seserys, jūsų žmonų motinos, jūsų podukros, kurias jūs globojate, gimusios jūsų žmonoms, su kuriomis jūs buvote suartėję – tačiau nėra jums nuodėmės, jei jūs nebuvote suartėję (vesti jų dukras) – žmonos jūsų sūnų, kurie (atsirado) iš jūsų pačių strėnų, ir dvi seserys santuokoje tuo pačiu metu, nebent tai įvyko anksčiau. Iš tiesų, Allahas yra Dažnai Atleidžiantis, Gailestingiausiasis.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Запретны вам ваши матери, ваши дочери, ваши сёстры, ваши тёти [по отцу], ваши тёти [по матери], дочери брата и дочери сестры, ваши матери, которые вскормили вас, и ваши молочные сёстры, матери ваших жён, ваши падчерицы, которые под вашей опекой, от ваших жён, к которым вы уже вошли; а если вы ещё не вошли к ним, то нет греха на вас; а также жёны ваших родных сыновей; и [запретно] объединять двух сестёр, если только это уже не случилось ранее. Воистину, Аллах всегда был [и пребудет] прощающим, милующим.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Забрањују вам се мајке ваше, и кћери ваше, и сестре ваше, и сестре очева ваших, и сестре мајки ваших, и братичне ваше и сестричне ваше, и помајке ваше, које су вас дојиле, и сестре ваше по млеку, и мајке супруга ваших, и пасторке ваше које се налазе под вашим скрбништвом од супруга ваших с којим сте имали интимне односе; ако с њима нисте имали интимне односе, онда вам није грех; и супруге ваших рођених синова, и да две сестре саставите, осим што је раније било! Аллах, заиста, опрашта грехе и милостив је.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Mmeharamishiwa mama zenu, na binti zenu, na dada zenu, na shangazi zenu, na khaalati zenu, na binti wa kaka, na binti wa dada, na mama zenu waliowanyonyesha, na dada zenu kwa kunyonya, na mama wa wake zenu, na watoto wenu wa kambo walio katika ulinzi wenu waliozaliwa na wake zenu mliowaingilia. Ikiwa hamkuwaingilia, basi hakuna ubaya juu yenu. (Pia mmeharamishiwa) wake wa watoto wenu waliotoka katika migongo yenu. Na kuwaoa kwa pamoja dada wawili isipokuwa yale yaliyokwishapita. Hakika, Mwenyezi Mungu ni Mwenye kufuta dhambi, Mwenye kurehemu.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Förbjudna för er [att ta till hustrur] är era mödrar, döttrar och systrar; era fastrar och mostrar; era brorsdöttrar och systerdöttrar; era fostermödrar som ammat er och era disystrar; era svärmödrar; era styvdöttrar som står under er vård och är födda av hustrur med vilka ni fullbordat äktenskapet – men om ni inte fullbordat äktenskapet med dem är det ingen synd för er – och era egna söners hustrur; samt att förena två systrar i äktenskap samtidigt, förutom det som redan har skett. Gud är ständigt förlåtande, barmhärtig.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Analarınız, kızlarınız, kız kardeşleriniz, halalarınız, teyzeleriniz, erkek kardeş kızları, kız kardeş kızları, sizi emziren süt anneleriniz, süt kardeşleriniz, karılarınızın anaları, kendileriyle gerdeğe girmiş olduğunuz karılarınızdan olup evlerinizde büyüttüğünüz üvey kızlarınız, -Eğer analarıyla zifafa girmemiş iseniz (annelerini boşayıp, onlarla nikâh kıymanızda) bir sakınca yoktur- kendi öz oğullarınızın karıları ve iki kız kardeşi birden almanız size haram kılınmıştır. Ancak geçen geçmiştir. (Bu sebeple üzerinize bir günah yoktur). Allah, şüphesiz çok bağışlayıcı ve merhamet edendir.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
حرام کی گئیں[1] تم پر تمہاری مائیں اور تمہاری لڑکیاں اور تمہاری بہنیں، تمہاری پھوپھیاں اور تمہاری خاﻻئیں اور بھائی کی لڑکیاں اور بہن کی لڑکیاں اور تمہاری وه مائیں جنہوں نے تمہیں دودھ پلایا ہو اور تمہاری دودھ شریک بہنیں اور تمہاری ساس اور تمہاری وه پرورش کرده لڑکیاں جو تمہاری گود میں ہیں، تمہاری ان عورتوں سے جن سے تم دخول کر چکے ہو، ہاں اگر تم نے ان سے جماع نہ کیا ہو تو تم پر کوئی گناه نہیں اور تمہارے صلبی سگے بیٹوں کی بیویاں اور تمہارا دو بہنوں کا جمع کرنا ہاں جو گزر چکا سو گزر چکا، یقیناً اللہ تعالیٰ بخشنے واﻻ مہربان ہے۔
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 And how can you take it back, when you have been intimate with one another, and they have received from you a solid commitment?
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 How can ye take it (back) after one of you hath gone in unto the other, and they have taken a strong pledge from you
Edward Henry Palmer1880 How care ye take it when one of you has gone in unto the other, and they have taken from you a rigid compact
John Medows Rodwell1861 How, moreover, could ye take it, when one of you hath gone in unto the other, and they have received from you a strict bond of union
George Sale1734 And how can ye take it, since the one of you hath gone in unto the other, and they have received from you a firm covenant
Easy-read (simplified)walaa tankihoo maa nakaha aabaa'ukum mina n-nisaa'i illaa maa qad salafa innahu kaana faahishatan wamaqtan wasaa'a sabeelaa
DIN 31635walā tankiḥū mā nakaḥa ʾābāʾukum mina n-nisāʾi ʾillā mā qad salafa ʾinnahu kāna fāḥišatan wamaqtan wasāʾa sabīlan
Talal Itani2012 Do not marry women whom your fathers married, except what is already past. That is improper, indecent, and a bad custom.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And marry not those women whom your fathers married, except what hath already happened (of that nature) in the past. Lo! it was ever lewdness and abomination, and an evil way
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And do not marry women your fathers married,- except bygones,- for it is abominable and hateful, and an evil way
John Medows Rodwell1861 And marry not women whom your fathers have married: for this is a shame, and hateful, and an evil way: though what is past may be allowed
George Sale1734 Marry not women, whom your fathers have had to wife; -- except what is already past: -- For this is uncleanness, and an abomination, and an evil way
Talal Itani2012 And all married women, except those you rightfully possess. This is God's decree, binding upon you. Permitted for you are those that lie outside these limits, provided you seek them in legal marriage, with gifts from your property, seeking wedlock, not prostitution. If you wish to enjoy them, then give them their dowry-a legal obligation. You commit no error by agreeing to any change to the dowry. God is All-Knowing, Most Wise.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And all married women (are forbidden unto you) save those (captives) whom your right hands possess. It is a decree of Allah for you. Lawful unto you are all beyond those mentioned, so that ye seek them with your wealth in honest wedlock, not debauchery. And those of whom ye seek content (by marrying them), give unto them their portions as a duty. And there is no sin for you in what ye do by mutual agreement after the duty (hath been done). Lo! Allah is ever Knower, Wise
Edward Henry Palmer1880 and married women, save such as your right hands possess,- God's Book against you! - but lawful for you is all besides this, for you to seek them with your wealth, marrying them and not fornicating; but such of them as ye have enjoyed, give them their hire as a lawful due; for there is no crime in you about what ye agree between you after such lawful due, verily, God is knowing and wise
John Medows Rodwell1861 Forbidden to you also are married women, except those who are in your hands as slaves: This is the law of God for you. And it is allowed you, beside this, to seek out wives by means of your wealth, with modest conduct, and without fornication. And give those with whom ye have cohabited their dowry. This is the law. But it shall be no crime in you to make agreements over and above the law. Verily, God is Knowing, Wise
George Sale1734 Ye are also forbidden to take to wife free women who are married, except those women whom your right hands shall possess as slaves. This is ordained you from God. Whatever is beside this, is allowed you; that ye may with your substance provide wives for your selves, acting that which is right, and avoiding whoredom. And for the advantage which ye receive from them, give them their reward, according to what is ordained: But it shall be no crime in you to make any other agreement among your selves, after the ordinance shall be complied with; for God is knowing and wise
Talal Itani2012 If any of you lack the means to marry free believing women, he may marry one of the believing maids under your control. God is well aware of your faith. You are from one another. Marry them with the permission of their guardians, and give them their recompense fairly-to be protected-neither committing adultery, nor taking secret lovers. When they are married, if they commit adultery, their punishment shall be half that of free women. That is for those among you who fear falling into decadence. But to practice self-restraint is better for you. God is Most Forgiving, Most Merciful.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And whoso is not able to afford to marry free, believing women, let them marry from the believing maids whom your right hands possess. Allah knoweth best (concerning) your faith. Ye (proceed) one from another; so wed them by permission of their folk, and give unto them their portions in kindness, they being honest, not debauched nor of loose conduct. And if when they are honourably married they commit lewdness they shall incur the half of the punishment (prescribed) for free women (in that case). This is for him among you who feareth to commit sin. But to have patience would be better for you. Allah is Forgiving, Merciful
Edward Henry Palmer1880 But whosoever of you cannot go the length of marrying marriageable women who believe, then take of what your right hands possess, of your maidens who believe;- though God knows best about your faith. Ye come one from the other; then marry them with the permission of their people, and give them their hire in reason, they being chaste and not fornicating, and not receivers of paramours. But when they are married, if they commit fornication, then inflict upon them half the penalty for married women; that is for whomsoever of you fears wrong; but that ye should have patience is better for you, and God is forgiving and merciful
John Medows Rodwell1861 And whoever of you is not rich enough to marry free believing women, then let him marry such of your believing maidens as have fallen into your hands as slaves; God well knoweth your faith. Ye are sprung the one from the other. Marry them, then, with the leave of their masters, and give them a fair dower: but let them be chaste and free from fornication, and not entertainers of lovers
George Sale1734 Whoso among you hath not means sufficient that he may marry free women, who are believers, let him marry with such of your maid-servants whom your right hands possess, as are true believers; for God well knoweth your faith. Ye are the one from the other: Therefore marry them with the consent of their masters; and give them their dower according to justice; such as are modest, not guilty of whoredom, nor entertaining lovers. And when they are married, if they be guilty of adultery, they shall suffer half the punishment which is appointed for the free women. This is allowed unto him among you, who feareth to sin by marrying free women; but if ye abstain from marrying slaves, it will be better for you; God is gracious and merciful
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.53 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.60
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.60
Talal Itani · George Sale0.58
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.57
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.53
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.52
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.50
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.50
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.48
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.38
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
Sources, editions and licences for everything above
ReceiptsSource fact
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.