Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
Or do they say, "He invented it himself"? Say, "If I invented it myself, there is nothing you can do to protect me from God. He knows well what you are engaged in. He is sufficient witness between me and you. He is the Forgiver, the Merciful."
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
Or say they: He hath invented it? Say (OMuhammad): If I have invented it, still ye have no power to support me against Allah. He is Best Aware of what ye say among yourselves concerning it. He sufficeth for a witness between me and you. And He is the Forgiving, the Merciful
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
Or do they say, 'He has forged it?' Say, 'If I have forged ye cannot obtain for me aught from God; He knows best what ye utter concerning it; He is witness enough between me and you, and He is the forgiving, the merciful
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Will they say, "He hath devised It?" SAY: If I have devised the Koran, then not one singlething shall ye ever obtain for me from God! He best knoweth what ye utter in its regard! Witness enough is He between me and you! And He is the Gracious, the Merciful
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Will they say, Mohammed hath forged it? Answer, if I have forged it, verily ye shall not obtain for me any favour from God: He well knoweth the injuriouslanguage which ye utter concerning it: He is a sufficient witness between me and you; and He is gracious and merciful
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Apo, mos thonë vallë: "Ai e trilloi atë!"? Thuaju: "Nëse unë e kam trilluar, atëherë ju nuk mund të më mbroni nga Allahu. Ai e di mirë çfarë flisni për Të. Mjafton Ai si dëshmitar mes meje e jush dhe Ai është Falësi i Madh, Mëshirëploti."
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
তবে কি তারা বলে যে, ‘মুহাম্মাদ এটা (এ আল-কুরআন) নিজে উদ্ভাবন করেছে’? হে রাসূল! তুমি বলো: ‘যদি আমি এটা উদ্ভাবন করে থাকি, তবে তোমরা আমাকে আল্লাহর (শাস্তি) থেকে রক্ষা করতে সামান্য কিছুরও মালিক নও। তোমরা যে বিষয়ে আলোচনায় মত্ত আছ, আল্লাহ সে বিষয়ে সম্যক অবগত। আমার ও তোমাদের মধ্যে সাক্ষী হিসেবে তিনিই যথেষ্ট। আর তিনি অতি ক্ষমাশীল, পরম দয়ালু।’
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Zar oni da govore: “On ga izmišlja!” Reci: “Pa ako ga izmišljam, vi mene od kazne Allahove nećete moći odbraniti. On dobro zna šta o Kur’anu govorite. On je dovoljan svjedok i meni i vama. On prašta i samilostan je.”
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Zar oni da govore: “On ga izmišlja!” Reci: “Pa ako ga izmišljam, vi mene od kazne Allahove nećete moći odbraniti. On dobro zna šta o Kuranu govorite. On je dovoljan svjedok i meni i vama. On prašta i samilostan je.”
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Kaa ɓe wi'at woni :"O pekindi nde?" Awa maaku: "Si taw mi pefkndi nde, awa doo on duncantaa lam hu'unde e [lepte] Allah ɗen. Ko Kaŋko ɓuri anndude oon, tuma nde jumpoton e mayre. O yonii seedee hakkunde am e mon. Ko Kaŋko woni kaforowo, jurmotooɗo On.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
და ნუთუ ისინი იტყვიან: «მან ის [ყურანი] მოიგონა?» თქვი (ო, შუამავალო): «თუ მე მოვიგონე იგი, თქვენ ვერ შეძლებდით ალლაჰის სასჯელისგან ჩემს გადარჩენას. მან [ალლაჰმა] ყველაზე კარგად იცის, რასაც თქვენ ამბობთ. ის საკმარისია მოწმედ ჩემსა და თქვენ შორის! და ის არის მპატიებელი, შემწყალებელი».
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Oder sagen sie etwa: „Er hat ihn ersonnen?“ Sag: „Wenn ich ihn ersonnen haben sollte, so vermögt ihr für mich nichts gegen Allah (auszurichten). Er weiß sehr wohl, worüber ihr euch (ausgiebig) auslasst. Er genügt als Zeuge zwischen mir und euch. Und Er ist der Allvergebende und der Barmherzige.“
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Ή λένε: «(Ο Μωχάμμαντ) το έχει επινοήσει (το Κορ’άν και ισχυρίζεται ότι είναι από τον Αλλάχ)»! Πες: «Αν το είχα επινοήσει, δε θα μπορούσατε να με προστατέψετε σε τίποτα από τον Αλλάχ. Αυτός γνωρίζει καλύτερα αυτό που λέτε ψευδώς γι' αυτό (το Κορ’άν). Επαρκεί ο Αλλάχ ως Μάρτυρας ανάμεσα σε μένα και σε σας. Πράγματι, Αυτός είναι ο Αλ-Γαφούρ (Αυτός που συγχωρεί τα πάντα), ο Αρ-Ραχείμ (Πολυεύσπλαχνος).»
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
या वे कहते हैं कि उसने इसे[4] स्वयं गढ़ लिया है? आप कह दें : यदि मैंने इसे स्वयं गढ़ लिया है, तो तुम मेरे लिए अल्लाह के विरुद्ध किसी चीज़ का अधिकार नहीं रखते।[5] वह उन बातों को अधिक जानने वाला है जिनमें तुम व्यस्त होते हो। वह मेरे और तुम्हारे बीच गवाह के रूप में काफ़ी है, और वही बड़ा क्षमाशील, अत्यंत दयावान है।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
O diranno: «È lui che l’ha inventata». Di’: «Se l’avessi inventata io, voi non potreste fare nulla per sottrarmi alla punizione di Allāh. Lui sa bene le bugie che diffondete. Basta Lui come testimone tra me e voi e Lui è il Perdonatore, il Misericordioso».
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
8. Arba jie sako: „Jis pramanė tai“. Sakyk: „Jeigu būčiau tai pramanęs, tuomet jūs negalite nieko padaryti, kad išgelbėtumėte mane nuo Allaho. Jis žino viską, kuo jūs užsiimate. Užtenka Jo, kaip liudininko, tarp manęs ir jūsų. Jis yra Atleidžiantis, Gailestingas.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8
Afaan Oromoo · Oromo
Moo “(Muhammadtu SAW) sobaan isa uume” jedhanii? (Yaa Muhammad!) jedhi “yoo ani sobaan isa uume (adabbii) Rabbii irraa homaa naaf tumsuu hin dandeessan. Inni (Rabbiin) waan isin keessa galtan beekaadha. Anaafi isin giddutti ragaaf Inni ga’aadha. Inni araaramaa, rahmata godhaadha”.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Или же они говорят: «Он измыслил это!»? Скажи: «Если я измыслил это, то вы ничем не властны защитить меня от Аллаха. Он лучше знает то, о чём вы разглагольствуете. Достаточно Его свидетелем между мной и вами, и Он — Прощающий, Милующий».
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Зар они да говоре: “Он га измишља!” Реци: “Ако га измишљам, па ви ме од Аллаха нећете моћи заштити. Он добро зна шта о Кур’ану говорите. Он је довољан сведок и мени и вама. Он прашта и самилостан је.”
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Au wanasema: 'Ameizua mwenyewe!' Sema: 'Ikiwa nimeizua mimi, basi nyinyi hamwezi kunifaa chochote mbele ya Mwenyezi Mungu. Yeye anajua zaidi hayo mnayoropokwa; anatosha kuwa shahidi baina yangu na nyinyi. Na Yeye ndiye Mwenye kusamehe mno, Mwingi wa kurehemu.'
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Och de säger: ”Han har själv uppdiktat den!” Säg: ”Om jag har uppdiktat den skulle ni inte kunna göra någonting för att skydda mig från Gud. Han har full vetskap om era anklagelser. Han är ett tillräckligt vittne mellan mig och er och han är den ständigt Förlåtande, den Barmhärtige.”
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Yoksa; “Onu uydurdu mu?” diyorlar. De ki: "Eğer onu uydurmuşsam, Allah'tan bana (gelecek) olan hiç bir şeye (karşı) malik olamazsınız. O, sizin onun hakkında söylediklerinizi çok daha iyi bilir. Benimle sizin aranızda şahit olarak o yeter. O; çok bağışlayıcıdır, çok merhametlidir."
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
کیا وه کہتے ہیں کہ اسے تو اس نے خود گھڑ لیا[1] ہے آپ کہہ دیجئے! کہ اگر میں ہی اسے بنا ﻻیا ہوں تو تم میرے لئے اللہ کی طرف سے کسی چیز کا اختیار نہیں رکھتے[2]، تم اس (قرآن) کے بارے میں جو کچھ کہہ سن رہے ہو اسے اللہ خوب جانتا ہے[3]، میرے اور تمہارے درمیان گواہی کے لئے وہی کافی ہے[4]، اور وه بخشنے واﻻ مہربان ہے.[5]
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
DIN 31635waʾiḏā ḥušira n-nāsu kānū lahum ʾaʿdāʾan wakānū biʿibādatihim kāfirīna
The translators word this verse differently
Talal Itani2012 And when humanity is gathered, they will be enemies to them, and will renounce their worship of them.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And when mankind are gathered (to the Judgment) will become enemies for them, and will become deniers of having been worshipped
Edward Henry Palmer1880 and when men are gathered together are enemies of theirs and do deny their service
John Medows Rodwell1861 And when mankind shall be assembled together, they will become their enemies, and ungratefully disown their worship
George Sale1734 And which, when men shall be gathered together to judgment, will become their enemies, and will ungratefully deny their worship
Talal Itani2012 When Our revelations are recited to them, plain and clear, those who disbelieve say of the truth when it has come to them, "This is obviously magic."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And when Our clear revelations are recited unto them, those who disbelieve say of the Truth when it reacheth them: This is mere magic
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And when our evident signs are recited to them, those who misbelieve say of the truth when it comes to them, 'This is obvious magic
John Medows Rodwell1861 And when our clear signs are recited to them, they who believe not say of the truth when it cometh to them, "This is plain sorcery
George Sale1734 When our evident signs are rehearsed unto them, the unbelievers say of the truth, when it cometh unto them, this is a manifest piece of sorcery
Easy-read (simplified)qul maa kuntu bid'an mina r-rusuli wamaa adree maa yuf'alu bee walaa bikum in attabi'u illaa maa yoohaa ilayya wamaa anaa illaa nadheerun mubeen
Talal Itani2012 Say, "I am not different from the other messengers; and I do not know what will be done with me, or with you. I only follow what is inspired in me, and I am only a clear warner."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Say: I am no new thing among the messengers (of Allah), nor know I what will be done with me or with you. I do but follow that which is inspired in me, and I am but a plain warner
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Say, 'I am not an innovator among the apostles; nor do I know what will be done with me or with you if I follow aught but what I am inspired with; nor am I aught but a plain warner
John Medows Rodwell1861 SAY: I am no apostle of new doctrines: neither know I what will be done with me or you. Only what is revealed to me do I follow, and I am only charged to warn openly
George Sale1734 Say, I am not singular among the apostles; neither do I know what will be done with me or with you hereafter: I follow no other than what is revealed unto me; neither am I any more than a public warner
Easy-read (simplified)qul ara'aytum in kaana min 'indi llaahi wakafartum bihi washahida shaahidun min banee israa'eela 'alaa mithlihi fa'aamana wastakbartum inna llaaha laa yahdee l-qawma z-zaalimeen
DIN 31635qul ʾaraʾaytum ʾin kāna min ʿindi llāhi wakafartum bihi wašahida šāhidun min banī ʾisrāʾīla ʿalā miṯlihi faʾāmana wastakbartum ʾinna llāha lā yahdī l-qawma ẓ-ẓālimīna
Talal Itani2012 Say, "Have you considered? What if it is from God and you disbelieve in it? A witness from the Children of Israel testified to its like, and has believed, while you turned arrogant. God does not guide the unjust people."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Bethink you: If it is from Allah and ye disbelieve therein, and a witness of the Children of Israel hath already testified to the like thereof and hath believed, and ye are too proud (what plight is yours)? Lo! Allah guideth not wrong-doing folk
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Say, 'Have ye considered, if it is from God and ye have disbelieved therein, and a witness from the children of Israel testifies to the conformity of it, and he believes while ye are too big with pride? Verily, God guides not the unjust people
John Medows Rodwell1861 SAY: What think ye? If this Book be from God, and ye believe it not, and a witness of the children of Israel witness to its conformity with the Law, and believe, while ye proudly disdain it . . . ? Ah! God guideth not the people guilty of such a wrong
George Sale1734 Say, what is your opinion? If this book be from God, and ye believe not therein; and a witness of the children of Israel bear witness to its consonancy with the law, and believeth therein; and ye proudly reject the same: Are ye not unjust doers? Verily God directeth not unjust people
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.62 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · George Sale0.68
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.68
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.67
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.66
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.66
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.62
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.60
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.58
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.56
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.49
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.