Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Verily, those who swear allegiance to thee do but swear allegiance to God;- God's hand is above their hands and whoso perjures himself does but perjure himself against himself; but he who fulfils what he has covenanted with God, God shall bring him mightyhire
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Compare translations (4)Talal Itani· published 2012
Those who pledge allegiance to you are pledging allegiance to God. The hand of God is over their hands. Whoever breaks his pledge breaks it to his own loss. And whoever fulfills his covenant with God, He will grant him a great reward.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
Lo! those who swear allegiance unto thee (Muhammad), swear allegiance only unto Allah. The Hand of Allah is above their hands. So whosoever breaketh his oath, breaketh it only to his soul's hurt; while whosoever keepeth his covenant with Allah, on him will He bestowimmense reward
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
John Medows Rodwell1808–1900 · published 1861
In truth, they who plighted fealty to thee, reallyplighted that fealty to God: the hand of God was over their hands! Whoever, therefore, shall break his oath shall only break it to his own hurt; but whoever shall be true to his engagement with God, He will give him a great reward
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Verily they who swear fealty unto thee, swear fealty unto God: The hand of God is over their hands. Whoever shall violate his oath, will violate the same to the hurt only of his own soul: But whoever shall perform that which he hath covenanted with God, He will surely give him a great reward
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Pa dyshim, ata që ta japin besën ty, në të vërtetë ia japin besën Allahut. Dora e Allahut është mbi duart e tyre. Ai që e thyen betimin, e thyen në dëm të vetes, ndërsa atij që i përmbahet besës që ia ka dhënë Allahut, Ai do t'i japë shpërblim të madh.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
নিশ্চয় যারা আপনার কাছে বায়আত করে, তারা তো প্রকৃতপক্ষে আল্লাহরই কাছে বায়আত করে। আল্লাহর হাত তাদের হাতের ওপর। অতএব, যে (বায়আত) ভঙ্গ করে, সে তো নিজেরই ক্ষতি করে। আর যে আল্লাহর সঙ্গে কৃত অঙ্গীকার পূর্ণ করে, আল্লাহ অচিরেই তাকে মহাপ্রতিদান দান করবেন।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Oni koji su se zakleli na vjernost – zakleli su se, doista, na vjernost samome Allahu, Allahova je ruka iznad ruku njihovih! [1] Onaj ko prekrši zakletvu – krši je na svoju štetu, a ko ispuni ono na šta se obavezao Allahu, On će mu dati veliku nagradu.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Oni koji su se zakleli na vjernost – zakleli su se, doista, na vjernost samome Allahu, Allahova je ruka iznad ruku njihovih! Onaj tko prekrši zakletvu – krši je na svoju štetu, a tko ispuni ono na što se obavezao Allahu, On će mu dati veliku nagradu.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Pellet, ɓeen wonɓe ahodude e maaɗa, anndu ko Allah ɓe woni e ahodude. Junngo Allah ngon no dow juuɗe maɓɓe ɗen. Kala non pirtuɗo, haray ko hoore makko o firtani; kala kadi hunnuɗo ko o ahodi kon e Allah, nde o okkata mo njoɓdi mawnundi.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
ჭეშმარიტად, ისინი (საჰაბები), რომლებიც ერთგულების ფიცს გაძლევენენ შენ (ო, შუამავალო) (ჰუდეიბიაში) (რომ უკან არ დაიხევენ), (სინამდვილეში) ფიცს აძლევენ ალლაჰს. ალლაჰის ხელი მათ ხელებზე მაღლაა (როცა ისინი ბრძოლის ფიცს აძლევენ მოციქულს). ხოლო რომელმაც დაარღვიოს (თავისი ფიცი), ის მხოლოდ საკუთარი თავის საზიანოდ არღვევს მას. ხოლო რომელმაც შეასრულოს ის, რაზეც შეთანხმდა ალლაჰთან, მას ალლაჰი დიდ საზღაურს მიანიჭებს.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Wahrlich, diejenigen, die dir den Treueid leisten, leisten (in Wirklichkeit) nur Allah den Treueid; die Hand Allahs ist über ihren Händen. Wer nun (sein Wort) bricht, so bricht er es nur zu seinem eigenen Nachteil; wer aber das einhält, wozu er sich Allah gegenüber verpflichtet hat, so wird Er ihm gewaltigen Lohn geben.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Πράγματι, αυτοί που σου δίνουν (ω, Προφήτη) όρκο αφοσίωσης [στην περιοχή Αλ-Χουνταϊμπέγια, ότι θα σε υποστηρίξουν και ότι δε θα φύγουν κατά τη μάχη εναντίων των άπιστων της Μάκκας που κράτησαν ως αιχμάλωτο τον ‘Ουθμάν -τον αγγελιαφόρο που έστειλες προς αυτούς-], όντως (μέσω αυτού του όρκου) δίνουν όρκο αφοσίωσης και προς τον Αλλάχ. Το Χέρι του Αλλάχ είναι πάνω από τα χέρια τους. Όποιος όμως αθετήσει τον όρκο του, θα είναι μόνο εις βάρος του, αλλά όποιος εκπληρώσει τη δέσμευσή του προς τον Αλλάχ, (ο Αλλάχ) θα του δώσει μεγάλη ανταμοιβή.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
निःसंदेह वे लोग, जो आपसे बैअत करते हैं, वे असल में अल्लाह से बैअत[4] करते हैं, अल्लाह का हाथ उनके हाथों के ऊपर है। फिर जिस किसी ने वचन तोड़ा, तो वह अपने आप ही पर वचन तोड़ता है। तथा जिसने, अल्लाह से जो वादा किया था, उसे पूरा किया, तो वह जल्द ही उसे बहुत बड़ा प्रतिफल देगा।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
In verità quelli che ti giurano obbedienza, in verità la giurano ad Allāh; la mano di Allāh è sopra le loro mani, e chi manca al giuramento, lo fa a proprio danno. E chi mantiene ciò che ha promesso ad Allāh, Lui gli darà una grande ricompensa.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
10. Iš tiesų, tie, kurie prisiekia tau (O Muchammedai ﷺ) prisiekia Allahui. Allaho Ranka yra virš jų rankų. Tuomet tas, kuris sulaužo priesaiką, kenkia tik sau pačiam. Ir tas, kuris išpildo savo sandorą su Allahu, Jis suteiks jam didžiulį atlygį.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8
Afaan Oromoo · Oromo
Isaan ahdii siif seenan, kan isaan ahdii seenan Rabbiifi. Harki Rabbii harkoowwan isaanii gubbaadha. Namni waadaa diige, kan inni waadaa diige lubbuma isaa irratti. Nama waan irratti Rabbiif waadaa gale guute, Inni mindaa guddaa isaa kennuuf jira. [3]
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Воистину, те, которые присягают тебе, присягают не иначе как Аллаху. Рука Аллаха — над их руками. Кто нарушит присягу — тот нарушит лишь во вред самому себе, а кто исполнит то, о чём заключил завет с Аллахом, — тому Он дарует великую награду.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Они који су ти се заклели на верност - заклели су се, заиста, на верност самом Аллаху - Аллахова рука је изнад њихових руку! Онај ко прекрши заклетву крши је на своју штету, а ко испуни оно на шта се обавезао Аллаху, Он ће да му подари велику награду!
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Bila ya shaka wale wanaokupa kiapo cha utii, kwa hakika wanampa Mwenyezi Mungu kiapo cha utii. Mkono wa Mwenyezi Mungu uko juu ya mikono yao. Kwa hivyo, avunjaye ahadi hizi, basi anavunja kwa kuidhuru nafsi yake. Na anayetekeleza aliyomuahadi Mwenyezi Mungu, basi Mwenyezi Mungu atamlipa ujira mkubwa.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
De som svär dig sin trohet svär i sanning trohet till Gud; hans hand är över deras händer. Den som bryter sitt löfte skadar blott sig själv, men den som troget håller sitt förbund med Gud ska han skänka en väldig belöning.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Muhakkak ki sana bey’at edenler ancak Allah’a bey’at etmiş olurlar. Allah’ın eli onların ellerinin üzerindedir. Kim ahdini bozarsa kendi aleyhine bozmuş olur. Kim de Allah'a verdiği sözün gereğini yerine getirirse ona (Allah) büyük bir ecir verecektir.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
جو لوگ تجھ سے بیعت کرتے ہیں وه یقیناً اللہ سے بیعت کرتے ہیں[1] ، ان کے ہاتھوں پر اللہ کا ہاتھ ہے[2]، تو جو شخص عہد شکنی کرے وه اپنے نفس پر ہی عہد شکنی کرتا ہے[3] اور جو شخص اس اقرار کو پورا کرے جو اس نے اللہ کے ساتھ کیا ہے[4] تو اسے عنقریب اللہ بہت بڑا اجر دے گا.
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
DIN 31635lituʾminū billāhi warasūlihi watuʿazzirūhu watuwaqqirūhu watusabbiḥūhu bukratan waʾaṣīlan
Talal Itani2012 That you may believe in God and His Messenger, and support Him, and honor Him, and praise Him morning and evening.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 That ye (mankind) may believe in Allah and His messenger, and may honour Him, and may revere Him, and may glorify Him at early dawn and at the close of day
Edward Henry Palmer1880 that ye may believe in God and His Apostle, and may aid Him and revere Him and celebrate His praises morning and evening
John Medows Rodwell1861 That ye may believe on God and on His Apostle; and may assist Him, and honour Him, and praise him, morning and evening
George Sale1734 that ye may believe in God, and his apostle; and may assist Him, and revere Him, and praise Him morning and evening
Easy-read (simplified)sayaqoolu laka l-mukhallafoona mina l-'a'raabi shaghalatnaa amwaalunaa wa'ahloonaa fastaghfir lanaa yaqooloona bi'alsinatihim maa laysa fee quloobihim qul faman yamliku lakum mina llaahi shay'an in araada bikum darran aw araada bikum naf'an bal kaana llaahu bimaa ta'maloona khabeeraa
DIN 31635sayaqūlu laka l-muḫallafūna mina l-ʾaʿrābi šaġalatnā ʾamwālunā waʾahlūnā fastaġfir lanā yaqūlūna biʾalsinatihim mā laysa fī qulūbihim qul faman yamliku lakum mina llāhi šayʾan ʾin ʾarāda bikum ḍarran ʾaw ʾarāda bikum nafʿan bal kāna llāhu bimā taʿmalūna ḫabīran
Talal Itani2012 The Desert-Arabs who remained behind will say to you, "Our belongings and our families have preoccupied us, so ask forgiveness for us." They say with their tongues what is not in their hearts. Say, "Who can avail you anything against God, if He desires loss for you, or desires gain for you?" In fact, God is Informed of what you do.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Those of the wandering Arabs who were left behind will tell thee: Our possessions and our households occupied us, so ask forgiveness for us! They speak with their tongues that which is not in their hearts. Say: Who can avail you aught against Allah, if He intend you hurt or intend you profit? Nay, but Allah is ever Aware of what ye do
Edward Henry Palmer1880 The desert Arabs who were left behind shall say, 'Our wealth and our people occupied us; ask pardon then for us!' - they speak with their tongues what is not in their hearts! Say, 'Who can control for you aught from God, if He wish you harm or wish you advantage?' Nay, God of what ye do is well aware
John Medows Rodwell1861 The Arabs who took not the field with you, will say to thee, "We were engaged with our property and our families; therefore ask thou pardon for us." They speak with their tongues what is not in their hearts. SAY: And who can have any power over God in your behalf, whether he will you some loss, or whether he will you an advantage? Yes, God is acquainted with your doings
George Sale1734 The Arabs of the desert who were left behind will say unto thee, our substance and our families employed us, so that we went not forth with thee to war; wherefore ask pardon for us. They speak that with their tongues, which is not in their hearts. Answer, who shall be able to obtain for you any thing from God to the contrary, if he is pleased to afflict you, or is pleased to be gracious unto you? Yea verily, God is well acquainted with that which ye do
Talal Itani2012 But you thought that the Messenger and the believers will never return to their families, and this seemed fine to your hearts; and you harbored evil thoughts, and were uncivilized people.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Nay, but ye deemed that the messenger and the believers would never return to their own folk, and that was made fairseeming in your hearts, and ye did think an evil thought, and ye were worthless folk
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Nay, ye thought that the Apostle and the believers would not ever return again to their families; that was made seemly in your hearts! and ye thought evil thoughts, and ye were a corrupt people
John Medows Rodwell1861 But ye thought that the Apostle and the faithful could never more come back to their families; and your hearts were pleased at this; and ye thought an evil thought of this expedition, and ye became an undone people
George Sale1734 Truly ye imagined that the apostle and the true believers would never return to their families; and this was prepared in your hearts: But ye imagined an evil imagination; and ye are a corrupt people
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.67 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.81
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.76
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.75
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.73
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.69
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.66
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.65
Talal Itani · George Sale0.63
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.62
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.44
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
Sources, editions and licences for everything above
ReceiptsSource fact
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.