Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
O ye who believe! Shun much suspicion; for lo! some suspicion is a crime. And spy not, neither backbite one another. Would one of you love to eat the flesh of his dead brother? Ye abhor that (so abhor the other)! And keep your duty (to Allah). Lo! Allah is Relenting, Merciful
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Compare translations (4)Talal Itani· published 2012
O you who believe! Avoid most suspicion-some suspicion is sinful. And do not spy on one another, nor backbite one another. Would any of you like to eat the flesh of his dead brother? You would detest it. So remainmindful of God. God is Most Relenting, Most Merciful.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
O ye who believe! carefully avoid suspicion; verily, some suspicion is a sin. And do not play the spy, nor backbite each other; would one of you like to eat his dead brother's flesh?- why! ye would abhor it! then fear God; verily, God is relentant, compassionate
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
O Believers! avoid frequent suspicions, for some suspicions are a crime; and pry not: neither let the one of you traduce another in his absence. Would any one of you like to eat the flesh of his dead brother? Surely ye would loathe it. And fear ye God: for God is Ready to turn, Merciful
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
O true believers, carefully avoid entertaining a suspicion of another: For some suspicions are a crime. Inquire not too curiously into other mensfailings: Neither let the one of you speakill of another in his abscence. Would any of you desire to eat the flesh of his dead brother? Surely ye would abhor it. And fear God: For God is easy to be reconciled, and merciful
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
O ju që besoni! Largojuni shumë paragjykimeve, sepse disa paragjykime janë gjynah. Mos gjurmoni dhe mos përgojoni njëri-tjetrin! A do të donte ndokush prej jush të hante mishin e vëllait të tij të vdekur? Gjithsesi se këtë do ta urrenit! Kijeni frikë Allahun! Vërtet, Allahu është Pranues i pendimit e Mëshirëplotë.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
হে তোমরা যারা ঈমান এনেছ! তোমরা বেশি বেশি অনুমান করা থেকে দূরে থাকো। নিশ্চয় কোন কোন অনুমান তো পাপ। আর তোমরা গোপন বিষয় অনুসন্ধান করো না এবং একে অপরের গীবত করো না। তোমাদের মধ্যে কি কেউ তার মৃত ভাইয়ের গোশত খেতে পছন্দ করবে? তোমরা তো তা অপছন্দই করে থাক। আর তোমরা আল্লাহকে ভয় করো। নিশ্চয় আল্লাহ অধিক তাওবা কবূলকারী, অসীম দয়ালু।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
O vjernici, klonite se mnogih sumnjičenja, neka su sumnjičenja, zaista, grijeh. I ne uhodite jedni druge i ne ogovarajte jedni druge! Zar bi nekom od vas bilo drago jesti meso umrloga brata svog – a vama je to odvratno – zato se bojte Allaha. Allah, zaista, prima pokajanje i samilostan je.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
O vjernici, klonite se mnogih sumnjičenja, neka su sumnjičenja, zaista, grijeh. I ne uhodite jedni druge i ne ogovarajte jedni druge! Zar bi nekom od vas bilo drago jesti meso umrloga brata svog – a vama je to odvratno – zato se bojte Allaha. Allah, zaista, prima pokajanje i samilostan je.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Eey mon yo ɓen gooŋɗinɓe ! Woɗɗitee e ko ɗuuɗi e sikke. Pellet, yoga e sikke ko bakkaatu. Wota on wiɗondir, wata yoga mon ño'u yoga. Hara gooto e mo'on njiɗay ñaamugol teewu musiɗɗo mum maayɗo? Hiɗon añi ɗum. Kulee Allah. Pellet, Allah ko Jaɓoowo tuubuubuyee, jurmotooɗo.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
ჰეი, თქვენ, რომელთაც ირწმუნეთ! ერიდეთ უმეტეს ეჭვს. ჭეშმარიტად, ზოგიერთი ეჭვი ცოდვაა. და ნუ უთვალთვალებთ ერთმანეთს და ნურც იტყვით ერთმანეთზე ავ სიტყვას (ზურგს უკან). ნუთუ რომელიმე თქვენგანი ისურვებდა თავისი მკვდარი ძმის ხორცის ჭამას? თქვენ ხომ შეგძაგდებოდათ იგი. და გეშინოდეთ ალლაჰის. უეჭველად, ალლაჰი შემნდობი, შემწყალებელია.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
O die ihr glaubt, meidet viel von den Mutmaßungen; wahrlich, manche Mutmaßung ist Sünde. Und sucht nicht (andere) auszukundschaften und führt nicht üble Nachrede übereinander. Möchte denn einer von euch gern das Fleisch seines Bruders, wenn er tot sei, essen? So wäre euch dies ja zuwider. Und fürchtet Allah. Wahrlich, Allah ist Reue annehmend und barmherzig.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Ω, εσείς που πιστεύετε! Αποφύγετε την πολλή καχυποψία (που δε βασίζεται σε απόδειξη)· πράγματι, κάποιες καχυποψίες είναι αμαρτίες. Μην κατασκοπεύετε, ούτε να κακολογείτε ο ένας τον άλλον κατά την απουσία του. Θα άρεσε σε κάποιον από σας να φάει τη σάρκα του νεκρού αδερφού του; Θα το μισούσατε (και έτσι θα πρέπει να μισείτε το να κακολογείτε ο ένας τον άλλον κατά την απουσία του). Φυλαχθείτε από την τιμωρία του Αλλάχ (τηρώντας τις εντολές Του). Πράγματι, ο Αλλάχ είναι Ταουάμπ (Αυτός που συγχωρεί και αποδέχεται τη μεταμέλεια) και Ραχείμ (Πολυεύσπλαχνος).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
ऐ लोगो जो ईमान लाए हो! बहुत-से गुमानों से बचो। निश्चय ही कुछ गुमान पाप हैं। और जासूसी न करो, और न तुममें से कोई दूसरे की ग़ीबत[7] करे। क्या तुममें से कोई पसंद करता है कि अपने भाई का मांस खाए, जबकि वह मरा हुआ हो? सो तुम उसे नापसंद करते हो। तथा अल्लाह से डरो। निश्चय अल्लाह बहुत तौबा क़बूल करने वाला, अत्यंत दयालु है।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
O credenti, evitate fortemente il sospetto, in verità alcuni sospetti sono peccato. E non spiate e non sparlate l’uno dell’altro: piacerebbe forse a uno di voi mangiare la carne del fratello morto? L’avete ripudiato. E temete Allāh, in verità Allāh è Perdonatore, Misericordioso.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
12. O jūs, kurie tikite! Venkite įtarinėjimo. Iš tiesų, dalis įtarimų yra nuodėmė. Ir nešnipinėkite, ir neapkalbinėkite vienas kito. Ar vienas jūsų norėtų valgyti savo mirusio brolio mėsą? Jūs to nekęstumėte (todėl nekęskite apkalbinėjimo). Ir bijokite Allaho. Iš tiesų, Allahas yra Tas, Kuris atleidžia ir priima atgailą, Gailestingiausias.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
О вы, которые уверовали! О вы, которые уверовали! Остерегайтесь многих предположений, — воистину, некоторые предположения являются грехом. И не выслеживайте друг друга, и не злословьте за спиной друг друга. Неужели кто-либо из вас пожелал бы есть мясо своего умершего брата? Вы бы почувствовали отвращение к этому! Бойтесь Аллаха, — воистину, Аллах — принимающий покаяние, милующий.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
О верници, клоните се многих сумњичења, нека су сумњичења, заиста, грех. И не уходите једни друге и не оговарајте једни друге! Зар би неком од вас било драго да једе месо свога умрлог брата - а вама је то одвратно - зато се бојте Аллаха; Аллах, заиста, стално прима покајања и милостив је.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Enyi mlioamini! Jiepusheni na dhana nyingi, kwani baadhi ya dhana ni dhambi. Wala msipelelezane, wala msisengenyane nyinyi kwa nyinyi. Je, yupo katika nyinyi anayependa kuila nyama ya nduguye aliyekufa? Mnalichukia hilo! Na mcheni Mwenyezi Mungu. Hakika Mwenyezi Mungu ni Mwenye kupokea toba mno, Mwingi wa kurehemu.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Troende! Undvik att hysa alltför många misstankar; en del misstankar är direkt syndfulla. Inte heller ska ni spionera på eller baktala varandra. Skulle någon av er vilja äta sin döde broders kött? Nej, ni skulle avsky det! Frukta Gud; han godtar ständigt ånger och är barmhärtig [mot sina tjänare].
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Ey iman edenler! Zannın çoğundan kaçının. Çünkü zannın bir kısmı günahtır. Birbirinizin gizlisini araştırmayın. Birbirinizin gıybetini yapmayın. Biriniz, ölü kardeşinin etini yemeyi sever mi? Bundan tiksindiniz değil mi? Allah’tan sakının. Kuşkusuz Allah, tevbeleri çokça kabul edendir, çokça merhamet edendir.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
اے ایمان والو! بہت بدگمانیوں سے بچو یقین مانو کہ بعض بدگمانیاں گناه ہیں[1] ۔ اور بھید نہ ٹٹوﻻ کرو[2] اور نہ تم میں سے کوئی کسی کی غیبت کرے[3]۔ کیا تم میں سے کوئی بھی اپنے مرده بھائی کا گوشت کھانا پسند کرتا ہے؟ تم کو اس سے گھن آئے گی[4]، اور اللہ سے ڈرتے رہو، بیشک اللہ توبہ قبول کرنے واﻻ مہربان ہے.
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 The believers are brothers, so reconcile between your brothers, and remain conscious of God, so that you may receive mercy.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 The believers are naught else than brothers. Therefore make peace between your brethren and observe your duty to Allah that haply ye may obtain mercy
Edward Henry Palmer1880 The believers are but brothers, so make peace between your two brethren and fear God, haply ye may obtain mercy
John Medows Rodwell1861 Only the faithful are brethren; wherefore make peace between your brethren; and fear God, that ye may obtain mercy
George Sale1734 Verily the true believers are brethren: Wherefore reconcile your brethren; and fear God, that ye may obtain mercy
Talal Itani2012 O you who believe! No people shall ridicule other people, for they may be better than they. Nor shall any women ridicule other women, for they may be better than they. Nor shall you slander one another, nor shall you insult one another with names. Evil is the return to wickedness after having attained faith. Whoever does not repent-these are the wrongdoers.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 O ye who believe! Let not a folk deride a folk who may be better than they (are), not let women (deride) women who may be better than they are; neither defame one another, nor insult one another by nicknames. Bad is the name of lewdness after faith. And whoso turneth not in repentance, such are evil-doers
Edward Henry Palmer1880 O ye who believe! let not one class ridicule another who are perchance better than they; nor let women ridicule other women who are perchance better than they; and do not defame each other, nor call each other bad names - an ill name is iniquity after faith
John Medows Rodwell1861 O Believers! let not men laugh men to scorn who haply may be better than themselves; neither let women laugh women to scorn who may haply be better than themselves! Neither defame one another, nor call one another by nicknames. Bad is it to be called wicked after having professed the faith: and whoso repent not of this are doers of wrong
George Sale1734 O true believers, let not men laugh other men to scorn; who peradventure may be better than themselves: Neither let women laugh other women to scorn; who may possibly be better than themselves. Neither defame one another; nor call one another by opprobrious appellations. An ill name it is to be charged with wickedness, after having embraced the faith: And whoso repenteth not, they will be the unjust doers
Talal Itani2012 O people! We created you from a male and a female, and made you races and tribes, that you may know one another. The best among you in the sight of God is the most righteous. God is All-Knowing, Well-Experienced.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 O mankind! Lo! We have created you male and female, and have made you nations and tribes that ye may know one another. Lo! the noblest of you, in the sight of Allah, is the best in conduct. Lo! Allah is Knower, Aware
Edward Henry Palmer1880 O ye folk! verily, we have created you of male and female, and made you races and tribes that ye may know each other. Verily, the most honourable of you in the sight of God is the most pious of you; verily, God is knowing, aware
John Medows Rodwell1861 O men! verily, we have created you of a male and a female; and we have divided you into peoples and tribes that ye might have knowledge one of another. Truly, the most worthy of honour in the sight of God is he who feareth Him most. Verily, God is Knowing, Cognisant
George Sale1734 O men, verily We have created you of a male and a female; and We have distributed you into nations, and tribes, that ye might know one another. Verily the most honourable of you, in the sight of God, is the most pious of you: And God is wise and knowing
Talal Itani2012 The Desert-Arabs say, "We have believed." Say, "You have not believed; but say, 'We have submitted,' for faith has not yet entered into your hearts. But if you obey God and His Messenger, He will not diminish any of your deeds. God is Forgiving and Merciful."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 The wandering Arabs say: We believe. Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Ye believe not, but rather say "We submit," for the faith hath not yet entered into your hearts. Yet, if ye obey Allah and His messenger, He will not withhold from you aught of (the reward of) your deeds. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful
Edward Henry Palmer1880 The desert Arabs say, 'We believe.' Say, 'Ye do not believe; but say, "We have become Muslims;" for the faith has not entered into your hearts: but if ye obey God and His Apostle He will not defraud you of your works at all: verily, God is forgiving, compassionate
John Medows Rodwell1861 The Arabs of the desert say, "We believe." Say thou: Ye believe not; but rather say, "We profess Islam;" for the faith hath not yet found its way into your hearts. But if ye obey God and His Apostle, he will not allow you to lose any of your actions: for God is Indulgent, Merciful
George Sale1734 The Arabs of the desert say, we believe. Answer, ye do by no means believe; but say, we have embraced Islam: For the faith hath not yet entered into your hearts. If ye obey God and his apostle, He will not defraud you of any part of the merit of your works: For God is inclined to forgive, and merciful
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.58 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · George Sale0.66
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.64
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.64
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.62
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.62
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.60
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.59
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.54
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.51
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.44
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
Sources, editions and licences for everything above
ReceiptsSource fact
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.