Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
O men! verily, we have created you of a male and a female; and we have divided you into peoples and tribes that ye might have knowledge one of another. Truly, the most worthy of honour in the sight of God is he who feareth Him most. Verily, God is Knowing, Cognisant
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Compare translations (4)Talal Itani· published 2012
O people! We created you from a male and a female, and made you races and tribes, that you may know one another. The best among you in the sight of God is the most righteous. God is All-Knowing, Well-Experienced.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
O mankind! Lo! We have created you male and female, and have made you nations and tribes that ye may know one another. Lo! the noblest of you, in the sight of Allah, is the best in conduct. Lo! Allah is Knower, Aware
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
O ye folk! verily, we have created you of male and female, and made you races and tribes that ye may know each other. Verily, the most honourable of you in the sight of God is the most pious of you; verily, God is knowing, aware
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
O men, verily We have created you of a male and a female; and We have distributed you into nations, and tribes, that ye might know one another. Verily the most honourable of you, in the sight of God, is the most pious of you: And God is wise and knowing
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
O njerëz! Ne ju krijuam prej një mashkulli e një femre dhe ju bëmë popuj e fise, që të njiheni mes vete. Pa dyshim, më fisniku prej jush tek Allahu është ai që i frikësohet më shumë Atij. Me të vërtetë, Allahu është i Gjithëdijshëm, Njohës i çdo fshehtësie.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
হে মানুষ! আমি তোমাদেরকে একজন পুরুষ (আদম) ও একজন নারী (হাওয়া) থেকে সৃষ্টি করেছি।(২) আর তোমাদেরকে বিভিন্ন জাতি ও গোত্রে বিভক্ত করেছি, যাতে তোমরা পরস্পর পরিচিত হতে পারো। তোমাদের মধ্যে আল্লাহর কাছে সেই অধিক মর্যাদাসম্পন্ন যে তোমাদের মধ্যে অধিক তাকওয়া সম্পন্ন। নিশ্চয় আল্লাহ তো সর্বজ্ঞ, সম্যক অবহিত।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
O ljudi, Mi vas od jednog čovjeka i jedne žene stvaramo i na narode i plemena vas dijelimo da biste se upoznali. Najugledniji je kod Allaha onaj koji Ga se najviše boji. Allah, uistinu, sve zna i nije Mu skriveno ništa.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
O ljudi, Mi vas od jednog čovjeka i jedne žene stvaramo i na narode i plemena vas dijelimo da biste se upoznali. Najugledniji je kod Allaha onaj koji Ga se najviše boji. Allah, uistinu, sve zna i nije Mu skriveno ništa.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Eey mon yo yimɓe ! Min tagiriii on immorde e gorel e deyel, Min mbaɗiri on leƴƴi e gori, fii yo on anndindir. Pellet, ɓurɓe teddude e mon ɓen ka Allah, ko ɓurɓe gooŋɗude ɓen e mon. Pellet, Allah ko gannduɗo, kumpitiiɗo.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
ჰე, ადამიანებო! ჭეშმარიტად, ჩვენ შეგქმენით (ერთი) მამაკაცისგან [ადამისგან] და (ერთი) ქალისგან [ჰავასგან], და გაგამრავლეთ, და გაქციეთ (სხვადასხვა) ერებად და ტომებად, რათა ერთმანეთი შეიცნოთ. ჭეშმარიტად, თქვენგან ყველაზე პატივცემული ალლაჰის წინაშე არის ყველაზე მეტად ღვთისმოშიში. ჭეშმარიტად, ალლაჰი ყოვლისმცოდნე, ყოვლისშემცნობია!
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
O ihr Menschen, Wir haben euch ja von einem männlichen und einem weiblichen Wesen erschaffen, und Wir haben euch zu Völkern und Stämmen gemacht, damit ihr einander kennenlernt. Wahrlich, der Geehrteste von euch bei Allah ist der (Allah-)Fürchtendste von euch. Wahrlich, Allah ist allwissend und allkundig.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Ω, άνθρωποι! Πράγματι, σας έχουμε πλάσει από ένα αρσενικό και ένα θηλυκό, και σας κάναμε σε λαούς και φυλές για να γνωριστείτε μεταξύ σας (και όχι να καταφρονεί ο ένας τον άλλον). Πράγματι, ο πιο τιμημένος ανάμεσά σας, ενώπιον του Αλλάχ, είναι ο πιο ευσεβής (που φυλάσσεται περισσότερο από την τιμωρία του Αλλάχ τηρώντας τις εντολές Του). Πράγματι, ο Αλλάχ είναι ‘Αλείμ (Παντογνώστης) και Χαμπείρ (Αυτός που γνωρίζει πλήρως τα πάντα).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
ऐ मनुष्यो![8] हमने तुम्हें एक नर और एक मादा से पैदा किया तथा हमने तुम्हें जातियों और क़बीलों में कर दिए, ताकि तुम एक-दूसरे को पहचानो। निःसंदेह अल्लाह के निकट तुममें सबसे अधिक सम्मान वाला वह है, जो तुममें सबसे अधिक तक़्वा वाला है। निःसंदेह अल्लाह सब कुछ जानने वाला, पूरी ख़बर रखने वाला है।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
O uomini, in verità vi abbiamo creato maschio e femmina e vi abbiamo diviso in popoli e tribù, perché vi conosceste. In verità il più nobile di voi è per Allāh il più devoto. In verità Allāh è il Sapiente, il Conoscitore.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
13. O žmonija! Iš tiesų Mes sukūrėme jus iš vyro ir moters, ir padarėme jus tautomis ir gentimis tam, kad (galėtumėte) vieni kitus pažinti. Iš tiesų, patys geriausi iš jūsų priešais Allahą yra pamaldžiausi [t. y. Mutakūn (žr. ają 2:2). Iš tiesų, Allahas yra Visa Žinantis, Visa Suprantantis.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
О люди! Воистину, Мы сотворили вас из мужчины и женщины и сделали вас народами и племенами чтобы вы узнавали друг друга. Воистину, самый почтенный из вас перед Аллахом — наиболее богобоязненный. Воистину, Аллах — знающий, сведущий.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
О људи, Ми вас од једног човека и једне жене стварамо и на народе и племена вас делимо да бисте се упознали. Најугледнији је код Аллаха онај који Га се највише боји. Аллах, уистину, све зна и није Му скривено ништа.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Enyi watu! Hakika Sisi tumewaumba kutokana na mwanamume na mwanamke. Na tumekujaalieni kuwa ni mataifa na makabila ili mjuane. Hakika aliye mtukufu zaidi kati yenu kwa Mwenyezi Mungu ni huyo aliye mcha Mungu zaidi katika nyinyi. Hakika Mwenyezi Mungu ni Mwenye kujua mno, Mwenye habari.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Människor! Vi har skapat er från en man och en kvinna och gjort er till folkslag och stammar så att ni ska lära känna varandra. Den ädlaste av er hos Gud är den med störst gudsfruktan. Gud är allvetande, väl medveten om allting.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Ey insanlar! Biz, sizi bir erkek ve bir dişiden yarattık. Sizi tanışasınız diye kollara ve kabilelere ayırdık. Allah katında en değerliniz, ondan en çok sakınanınız/takvalı olanınızdır. Şüphesiz Allah; Alim'dir, her şeyden haberdardır.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
اے لوگو! ہم نے تم سب کو ایک (ہی) مرد وعورت سے پیدا کیا ہے[1] اور اس لئے کہ تم آپس میں ایک دوسرے کو پہچانو کنبے اور قبیلے بنا دیئے[2] ہیں، اللہ کے نزدیک تم سب میں باعزت وه ہے جو سب سے زیاده ڈرنے واﻻ ہے[3]۔ یقین مانو کہ اللہ دانا اور باخبر ہے.
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 O you who believe! No people shall ridicule other people, for they may be better than they. Nor shall any women ridicule other women, for they may be better than they. Nor shall you slander one another, nor shall you insult one another with names. Evil is the return to wickedness after having attained faith. Whoever does not repent-these are the wrongdoers.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 O ye who believe! Let not a folk deride a folk who may be better than they (are), not let women (deride) women who may be better than they are; neither defame one another, nor insult one another by nicknames. Bad is the name of lewdness after faith. And whoso turneth not in repentance, such are evil-doers
Edward Henry Palmer1880 O ye who believe! let not one class ridicule another who are perchance better than they; nor let women ridicule other women who are perchance better than they; and do not defame each other, nor call each other bad names - an ill name is iniquity after faith
John Medows Rodwell1861 O Believers! let not men laugh men to scorn who haply may be better than themselves; neither let women laugh women to scorn who may haply be better than themselves! Neither defame one another, nor call one another by nicknames. Bad is it to be called wicked after having professed the faith: and whoso repent not of this are doers of wrong
George Sale1734 O true believers, let not men laugh other men to scorn; who peradventure may be better than themselves: Neither let women laugh other women to scorn; who may possibly be better than themselves. Neither defame one another; nor call one another by opprobrious appellations. An ill name it is to be charged with wickedness, after having embraced the faith: And whoso repenteth not, they will be the unjust doers
Talal Itani2012 O you who believe! Avoid most suspicion-some suspicion is sinful. And do not spy on one another, nor backbite one another. Would any of you like to eat the flesh of his dead brother? You would detest it. So remain mindful of God. God is Most Relenting, Most Merciful.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 O ye who believe! Shun much suspicion; for lo! some suspicion is a crime. And spy not, neither backbite one another. Would one of you love to eat the flesh of his dead brother? Ye abhor that (so abhor the other)! And keep your duty (to Allah). Lo! Allah is Relenting, Merciful
Edward Henry Palmer1880 O ye who believe! carefully avoid suspicion; verily, some suspicion is a sin. And do not play the spy, nor backbite each other; would one of you like to eat his dead brother's flesh?- why! ye would abhor it! then fear God; verily, God is relentant, compassionate
John Medows Rodwell1861 O Believers! avoid frequent suspicions, for some suspicions are a crime; and pry not: neither let the one of you traduce another in his absence. Would any one of you like to eat the flesh of his dead brother? Surely ye would loathe it. And fear ye God: for God is Ready to turn, Merciful
George Sale1734 O true believers, carefully avoid entertaining a suspicion of another: For some suspicions are a crime. Inquire not too curiously into other mens failings: Neither let the one of you speak ill of another in his abscence. Would any of you desire to eat the flesh of his dead brother? Surely ye would abhor it. And fear God: For God is easy to be reconciled, and merciful
Talal Itani2012 The Desert-Arabs say, "We have believed." Say, "You have not believed; but say, 'We have submitted,' for faith has not yet entered into your hearts. But if you obey God and His Messenger, He will not diminish any of your deeds. God is Forgiving and Merciful."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 The wandering Arabs say: We believe. Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Ye believe not, but rather say "We submit," for the faith hath not yet entered into your hearts. Yet, if ye obey Allah and His messenger, He will not withhold from you aught of (the reward of) your deeds. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful
Edward Henry Palmer1880 The desert Arabs say, 'We believe.' Say, 'Ye do not believe; but say, "We have become Muslims;" for the faith has not entered into your hearts: but if ye obey God and His Apostle He will not defraud you of your works at all: verily, God is forgiving, compassionate
John Medows Rodwell1861 The Arabs of the desert say, "We believe." Say thou: Ye believe not; but rather say, "We profess Islam;" for the faith hath not yet found its way into your hearts. But if ye obey God and His Apostle, he will not allow you to lose any of your actions: for God is Indulgent, Merciful
George Sale1734 The Arabs of the desert say, we believe. Answer, ye do by no means believe; but say, we have embraced Islam: For the faith hath not yet entered into your hearts. If ye obey God and his apostle, He will not defraud you of any part of the merit of your works: For God is inclined to forgive, and merciful
Talal Itani2012 The believers are those who believe in God and His Messenger, and then have not doubted, and strive for God's cause with their wealth and their persons. These are the sincere.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 The (true) believers are those only who believe in Allah and His messenger and afterward doubt not, but strive with their wealth and their lives for the cause of Allah. Such are the sincere
Edward Henry Palmer1880 The believers are only those who believe in God and His Apostle, and then doubt not, but fight strenuously with their wealth and persons in God's cause - these are the truth-tellers
John Medows Rodwell1861 The true believers are those only who believe in God and His Apostle, and afterwards doubt not; and who contend with their substance and their persons on the path of God. These are the sincere
George Sale1734 Verily the true believers are those only who believe in God and his apostle, and afterwards doubt not; and who employ their substance and their persons in the defence of God's true religion: These are they who speak sincerely
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.52 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.63
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.59
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.57
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.52
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.52
Talal Itani · George Sale0.51
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.50
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.49
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.41
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.40
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
Sources, editions and licences for everything above
ReceiptsSource fact
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.