Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
Had they observed the Torah, and the Gospel, and what was revealed to them from their Lord, they would have consumedamply from above them, and from beneath their feet. Among them is a moderate community, but evil is what many of them are doing.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
If they had observed the Torah and the Gospel and that which was revealed unto them from their Lord, they would surely have been nourished from above them and from beneath their feet. Among them there are people who are moderate, but many of them are of evil conduct
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
and were they steadfast in the law and the gospel, and what has been sent down to them from their Lord, they should eat from above them and below them. Amongst them are a nation who are moderate, but many of them - bad is what they do
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
and if that they observe the law and the Evangel, and what hath been sent down to them from their Lord, they shall surely have their fill of good things from above them and from beneath their feet. Some there are among them who act aright; but many of them - how evil are their doings
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
and if they observe the law, and the gospel, and the other scriptures which have been sent down unto them from their Lord, they shall surely eat of good things both from above them, and from under their feet. Among them there are people who act uprightly; but how evil is that which many of them do work
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Po qe se ata do t'i përmbaheshin Teuratit e Inxhilit dhe asaj që u është shpallur nga Zoti i tyre, do të gëzonin mirësi nga (qielli) sipër tyre dhe (nga toka) nën këmbët e tyre. Disa nga ata janë të drejtë, por ajo që bëjnë shumica e tyre është e shëmtuar.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
আর যদি তারা তাওরাত, ইঞ্জীল এবং তাদের নিকট তাদের রবের পক্ষ থেকে যা নাযিল করা হয়েছে, তা কায়িম করতো, তবে অবশ্যই তারা আহারাদি লাভ করত তাদের ওপর থেকে এবং তাদের পায়ের নীচ থেকে(৯)। তাদের মধ্যে একদল আছে মধ্যপন্থি, তবে তাদের অনেকেই যা করছে, তা কতই না নিকৃষ্ট!
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Da se oni pridržavaju Tevrata i lndžila i onoga što im objavljuje Gospodar njihov, imali bi šta jesti, i od onoga što je iznad njih i od onoga što je ispod nogu njihovih. Ima ih i umjerenih, ali ružno je ono što radi većina njih.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Da se oni pridržavaju Tore i Evanđelja i onoga što im objavljuje Gospodar njihov, imali bi što jesti, i od onoga što je iznad njih i od onoga što je ispod nogu njihovih. Ima ih i umjerenih, ali ružno je ono što radi većina njih.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Sinno kamɓe ɓe ñiiɓnuno Tawreeta e Linjiila, e kon ko Jippinaa faade e maɓɓe immorde e Joomi maɓɓe, ɓe ñaamirayno senngo dow maɓɓe e ley koyɗe maɓɓe. No e maɓɓe leñol raɓɓindiniiɗe, ko ɗuuɗi e maɓɓe bonii ko ɓe ngollata.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
და რომ ისინი ასრულებდნენ თორას და ინჯილს (სახარებას) (იმ სახით, როგორც ისინი ჩამოევლინნენ) და იმასაც, რაც მათზე ჩამოევლინა მათი უფლისგან [ყურანს], მაშინ ისინი აუცილებლად ისარგებლებდნენ იმით, რაც მათ თავზეა [მათზე უხვი წვიმა ჩამოვიდოდა], და იმითაც, რაც მათ ფეხქვეშაა [რაც მიწიდან იზრდება]. მათ შორის არის ზომიერი საზოგადოება, მაგრამ ბევრი მათგანი ცუდს აკეთებს.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Und wenn sie nur die Thora und das Evangelium und das befolgt hätten, was zu ihnen (als Offenbarung) von ihrem Herrn hinabgesandt wurde, würden sie gewiss von (den guten Dingen) über ihnen und unter ihren Füßen essen. Unter ihnen ist eine gemäßigte Gemeinschaft. Aber wie schlecht ist bei vielen von ihnen, was sie tun.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Και αν είχαν ενεργήσει σύμφωνα με την Τορά, το Ιν-τζήλ (το πρωτότυπο Ευαγγέλιο του Ιησού) και αυτό (το Κορ’άν) που έχει (τώρα) σταλεί σ' εκείνους από τον Κύριό τους, θα είχαν σίγουρα λάβει πρόνοια από πάνω τους (δηλ. βροχή) και από κάτω από τα πόδια τους (δηλ. καρπούς). Ανάμεσά τους βρίσκεται μια μετριοπαθής ομάδα (η οποία δεν έχει υπερβάλλει στην πίστη της στον Ιησού ισχυριζόμενη ότι είναι ο Ίδιος ο Αλλάχ, ούτε αρνήθηκε την πίστη στον Ιησού ισχυριζόμενη ότι είναι προϊόν μοιχείας, όπως ισχυρίστηκαν οι Εβραίοι, και όταν ήρθε ο Προφήτης Μωχάμμαντ, πίστεψε σ' αυτόν, όπως ο Αμπντ Αλλάχ μπιν Σαλλάμ και οι σύντροφοί του και άλλοι), αλλά οι περισσότεροι απ' αυτούς κάνουν το κακό.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
तथा यदि वे वास्तव में तौरात और इंजील का पालन[40] करते और उसका जो उनके पालनहार की तरफ़ से उनकी ओर उतारा गया है, तो निश्चय वे अपने ऊपर से तथा अपने पैरों के नीचे से[41] खाते। उनमें से एक समूह मध्यम मार्ग पर है और उनमें से बहुत-से लोग जो कर रहे हैं, वह बहुत बुरा है।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
E se in verità avessero praticato la Torāh e il Vangelo, e ciò che è stato fatto scendere su di loro dal loro Dio, avrebbero goduto di ciò che è sopra e sotto ai loro piedi. Ci sono tra di loro uomini moderati, e molte delle loro azioni sono misfatti.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
66. Ir jei tik jie elgtųsi pagal Tauratą (Torą), Indžylį (Evangeliją), ir tai, kas (dabar) buvo nuleista jiems iš jų Viešpaties (Koraną), jie tikrai būtų gavę aprūpinimą iš virš jų ir iš po jų pėdų. Tarp jų yra žmonių, kurie yra teisingame kelyje (t. y. jie elgiasi pagal apreiškimą ir tiki Pranašu Muchammedu ﷺ), tačiau dauguma jų daro blogus darbus.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Если бы они придерживались Таурата и Инджиля и того, что было ниспослано им от их Господа, то вкушали бы от того, что над ними, и от того, что под их ногами. Среди них есть община, придерживающаяся умеренности, но многие из них таковы, что скверно то, что они совершают.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Да се они придржавају Торе и Јеванђеља и онога што им објављује њихов Господар, имали би опскрбу од онога што је изнад њих и од онога што је испод њихових ногу. Има их и постојаних, али ружно је оно што већина њих ради.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Na lau kuwa wangeliisimamisha Taurati na Injili na yote waliyoteremshiwa kutoka kwa Mola wao Mlezi, basi hakuna shaka wangelikula kutokea juu yao na kutokea chini ya miguu yao. Wapo watu miongoni mwao walio sawa, lakini wengi wao wanayoyafanya ni mabaya mno.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Och om de hade följt Tawrāt, Injīl och det som har uppenbarats för dem från deras Herre, skulle de ha fått sin försörjning från ovan och under sina fötter. Bland dem finns en stadfast grupp, men många av dem begår förkastliga handlingar.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Eğer onlar, Tevrat’ı, İncil’i ve Rablerinden kendilerine indirilen Kur’an’ı gereğince uygulasalardı üstlerinden ve ayakları altından (rızıklarını) yerlerdi. İçlerinden orta yolu tutan bir ümmet varsa da bir çoğunun yapmakta oldukları pek kötüdür.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
اور اگر یہ لوگ تورات وانجیل اور ان کی جانب جو کچھ اللہ تعالیٰ کی طرف سے نازل فرمایا گیا ہے، ان کے پورے پابند رہتے[1] تو یہ لوگ اپنے اوپر سے اور نیچے سے روزیاں پاتے اور کھاتے[2]، ایک جماعت تو ان میں سے درمیانہ روش کی ہے، باقی ان میں سے بہت سے لوگوں کے برے اعمال ہیں۔[3]
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 The Jews say, "God's hand is tied." It is their hands that are tied, and they are cursed for what they say. In fact, His hands are outstretched; He gives as He wills. Certainly, what was revealed to your from your Lord will increase many of them in defiance and blasphemy. And We placed between them enmity and hatred, until the Day of Resurrection. Whenever they kindle the fire of war, God extinguishes it. And they strive to spread corruption on earth. God does not love the corrupters.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 The Jews say: Allah's hand is fettered. Their hands are fettered and they are accursed for saying so. Nay, but both His hands are spread out wide in bounty. He bestoweth as He will. That which hath been revealed unto thee from thy Lord is certain to increase the contumacy and disbelief of many of them, and We have cast among them enmity and hatred till the Day of Resurrection. As often as they light a fire for war, Allah extinguisheth it. Their effort is for corruption in the land, and Allah loveth not corrupters
Edward Henry Palmer1880 The Jews say, - 'God's hand is fettered;' their hands are fettered and they are cursed for what they said; nay! His hands are outspread, He expends how He pleases! and that which has been sent down to thee from thy Lord will surely increase many of them in their rebellion and misbelief, for we have cast amongst them enmity and hatred till the resurrection day. Whenever they light a fire for war, God puts it out; they strive for corruption in the earth, but God loves not the corrupt
John Medows Rodwell1861 The hand of God," say the Jews, "is chained up." Their own hands shall be chained up - and for that which they have said shall they be cursed. Nay! outstretched are both His hands! At His own pleasure does He bestow gifts. That which hath been sent down to thee from thy Lord will surely increase the rebellion and unbelief of many of them; and we have put enmity and hatred between them that shall last till the day of the Resurrection. Oft as they kindle a beacon fire for war shall God quench it! and their aim will be to abet disorder on the earth: but God loveth not the abettors of disorder
George Sale1734 The Jews say, the hand of God is tied up. Their hands shall be tied up, and they shall be cursed for that which they have said. Nay, his hands are both stretched forth; He bestoweth as He pleaseth: That which hath been sent down unto thee from thy Lord shall increase the transgression and infidelity of many of them; and we have put enmity and hatred between them, until the day of resurrection. So often as they shall kindle a fire for war, God shall extinguish it; and they shall set their minds to act corruptly in the earth, but God loveth not the corrupt doers
Talal Itani2012 Had the People of the Scriputure believed and been righteous, We would have remitted their sins, and admitted them into the Gardens of Bliss.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 If only the People of the Scripture would believe and ward off (evil), surely We should remit their sins from them and surely We should bring them into Gardens of Delight
Edward Henry Palmer1880 But did the people of the Book believe and fear, we would cover their offences, and we would make them enter into gardens of pleasure
John Medows Rodwell1861 But if the people of the Book believe and have the fear of God, we will surely put away their sins from them, and will bring them into gardens of delight
George Sale1734 More, if they who have received the scriptures believe, and fear God, We will surely expiate their sins from them, and We will lead them into gardens of pleasure
Easy-read (simplified)yaa ayyuhaa r-rasoolu balligh maa unzila ilayka min rabbika wa'in lam taf'al famaa ballaghta risaalatahu wallaahu ya'simuka mina n-naasi inna llaaha laa yahdee l-qawma l-kaafireen
DIN 31635yā ʾayyuhā r-rasūlu balliġ mā ʾunzila ʾilayka min rabbika waʾin lam tafʿal famā ballaġta risālatahu wallāhu yaʿṣimuka mina n-nāsi ʾinna llāha lā yahdī l-qawma l-kāfirīna
The translators word this verse differently
Talal Itani2012 O Messenger, convey what was revealed to you from your Lord. But if you do not, then you would not have delivered His message. And God will protect you from the people. God does not guide the disbelieving people.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 O Messenger! Make known that which hath been revealed unto thee from thy Lord, for if thou do it not, thou wilt not have conveyed His message. Allah will protect thee from mankind. Lo! Allah guideth not the disbelieving folk
Edward Henry Palmer1880 O thou Apostle! preach what has been revealed to thee from thy Lord; if thou do it not thou hast not preached His message, and God will not hold thee free from men; for God guides not people who misbelieve
John Medows Rodwell1861 O Apostle! proclaim all that hath been sent down to thee from thy Lord: for if thou do it not, thou hast not proclaimed His message at all. And God will protect thee from evil men: verily, God guideth not the unbelievers
George Sale1734 O apostle, publish the whole of that which hath been sent down unto thee from thy Lord: For if thou do not, thou dost not in effect publish any part thereof; and God will defend thee against wicked men; for God directeth not the unbelieving people
Talal Itani2012 Say, "O People of the Scripture! You have no basis until you uphold the Torah, and the Gospel, and what is revealed to you from your Lord." But what is revealed to you from your Lord will increase many of them in rebellion and disbelief, so do not be sorry for the disbelieving people.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Say O People of the Scripture! Ye have naught (of guidance) till ye observe the Torah and the Gospel and that which was revealed unto you from your Lord. That which is revealed unto thee (Muhammad) from thy Lord is certain to increase the contumacy and disbelief of many of them. But grieve not for the disbelieving folk
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Say, 'O people of the Book! ye rest on naught until ye stand fast by the law and the gospel, and what is revealed to you from your Lord.' But what has been revealed to thee from thy Lord will of a surety increase many of them in rebellion and misbelief, vex not thyself then for a people who misbelieve
John Medows Rodwell1861 SAY: O people of the Book! ye have no ground to stand on, until ye observe the Law and the Evangel, and that which hath been sent down to you from your Lord. The Book which hath been sent down to thee from thy Lord will certainly increase the rebellion and unbelief of many of them; but, be not thou troubled for the unbelievers
George Sale1734 Say, O ye who have received the scriptures, ye are not grounded on any thing, until ye observe the law and the gospel, and that which hath been sent down unto you from your Lord. That which hath been sent down unto thee from thy Lord shall surely increase the transgression and infidelity of many of them: But be not thou solicitous for the unbelieving people
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.59 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.70
Talal Itani · George Sale0.69
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.65
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.65
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.63
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.63
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.57
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.52
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.43
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.42
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.