Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
Say, "What thing is more solemn in testimony?" Say, "God is Witness between you and me. This Quran was revealed to me, that I may warn you with it, and whomever it may reach. Do you indeedtestify that there are other gods with God?" Say, "I myself do not testify." Say, "He is but One God, and I am innocent of your idolatry."
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
Say (OMuhammad): What thing is of most weight in testimony? Say: Allah is Witness between me and you. And this Qur'an hath been inspired in me, that I may warn therewith you and whomsoever it may reach. Do ye in sooth bear witness that there are gods beside Allah? Say: I bear no such witness. Say: He is only One Allah. Lo! I am innocent of that which ye associate (with Him)
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
Say, 'What is the greatest witness?' Say, 'God is witness between you and me.' This Qur'an was inspired to me to warn you and those it reaches. Do ye really bear witness that with God are other gods? Say, 'I bear not witness thereto:' say, 'He is but one God, and I am clear of your associating (gods with him)
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
SAY: What thing is weightiest in bearing witness? SAY: God is witness between me and you; and this Koran hath been revealed to me that I should warn you by it, and all whom it shall reach. What! will ye really bear witness that there are other gods with God? SAY: I bear no such witness. SAY: Verily, He is one God, and truly am guiltless of what ye join with Him
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Say, 'What thing is the weightiest in testimony.' Say, 'God is a Witness between me and you. And this Qur'an has been revealed to me so that with it I may warn you, as well as whomsoever it reaches, of the impendingpunishment. What! do you really bear witness that there are other gods besides God?' Say, 'I bear not witness thereto.' Say, 'He is the One God, and certainly I am innocent of that which you associate with Him
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Thuaj: "Cila është dëshmia më e madhe?" Përgjigju: "Allahu është Dëshmitar mes meje dhe jush. Mua më është shpallur ky Kuran që përmes tij t'jua tërheq vërejtjen juve dhe kujtdo që i kumtohet. Mos vallë ju dëshmoni se krahas Allahut ka edhe zota të tjerë (të denjë për adhurim)?!" Thuaju: "Unë nuk dëshmoj." Thuaj: "Me të vërtetë, Ai është Zoti i Vetëm i Vërtetë dhe unë jam i pastër nga gjithçka që ju i shoqëroni Atij."
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
বল: ‘কোন জিনিস সবচেয়ে বড় সাক্ষী?’ বল: ’আল্লাহই আমার ও তোমাদের মধ্যে সাক্ষ্যদাতা। আর এ কুরআন আমার নিকট অহী করা হয়েছে, যেন তোমাদেরকে এবং যার নিকট তা পৌঁছবে তাদের এ দ্বারা সতর্ক করতে পারি। তোমরা কি এমন সাক্ষ্য দিতে পারবে যে, আল্লাহর সাথে অন্য ইলাহও আছে? বলো: ‘ আমি সে সাক্ষ্য দেই না ।’ বলো: ’অবশ্যই তিনি একমাত্র ইলাহ এবং তোমরা যা শরীক করো, তা থেকে আমি সম্পূর্ণ মুক্ত।’
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Reci: "Šta je po svjedočenju najveće?", i odgovori: "Allah, On će između mene i vas svjedok biti. A meni se ovaj Kur'an objavljuje da njime vas i one do kojih on dopre upozoravam. Zar vi, zaista, tvrdite da pored Allaha ima i drugih bogova?" Reci: "Ja ne tvrdim." Reci: "On je Bog Jedini, i ja nemam ništa s time što vi Njemu pridružujete."
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Reci: "Što je po svjedočenju najveće?" i odgovori: "Allah, On će između mene i vas svjedok biti. A meni se ovaj Kuran objavljuje da njime vas i one do kojih on dopre upozoravam. Zar vi, zaista, tvrdite da pored Allaha ima i drugih bogova?" Reci: "Ja ne tvrdim." Reci: "On je Bog Jedini, i ja nemam ništa s time što vi Njemu pridružujete."
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Maaku : "Ko holɗuum e huunde ɓuri mawnude seedee?" Maaku : "Ko Alla, Ko o Seediiɗo hakkunde am e mo'on ; ndee alqur'aanaare Wahayinaama e am, fii yo mi rentinir on nde, e kala mo nde hewti". E onon on ceedoto won de no wonndi e deweteeɗi goɗɗo? Maaku : "Min mi seedotaako". Maaku : "ngnndee pellet, Kaŋko ko O deweteeɗo bajjo". Min ko mi kisɗoɗo kon ko kafidoton e makko.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
უთხარი (ო, მოციქულო): «რა (შეიძლება იყოს) უფრო დიდი მოწმობა?» თქვი: «(თავად) ალლაჰი არის მოწმე ჩემსა და თქვენს შორის. და შთამეგონა მე გამოცხადებით (ალლაჰისგან) ეს ყურანი, რათა გაგაფრთხილოთ ამით და (გააფრთხილოს) ისინი, ვისამდეც ის [ყურანი] მიაღწევს (აღდგომის დღემდე). ნუთუ თქვენ მოწმობთ, რომ ალლაჰთან ერთად კიდევ სხვა ღმერთებიც არიან?» უთხარი (მათ) (ო, მოციქულო): «მე არ ვმოწმობ (იმას, რაზეც თქვენ დგახართ)». თქვი: «ჭეშმარიტად, ის არის ერთი ღმერთი, და ჭეშმარიტად, მე სრულიად გაშორებული ვარ იმისგან, რასაც თქვენ მას თანასწორად უყენებთ».
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Sag: „Welches ist das größte Zeugnis?“ Sag: „Allah (, Er) ist Zeuge zwischen mir und euch. Und dieser Quran ist mir eingegeben worden, damit ich euch und (jeden), den er erreicht, mit ihm warne. Wollt ihr denn wirklich bezeugen, dass es neben Allah andere Anbetungswürdige gibt?“ Sag: „Ich bezeuge (es) nicht.“ Sag: „Er ist fürwahr nur ein Einziger Anbetungswürdiger, und ich sage mich von dem los, was ihr (Ihm) beigesellt.“
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Πες (ω, Προφήτη, στους ειδωλολάτρες που σε διαψεύδουν): «Ποιος είναι αυτός που υπάρχει και έχει τη μεγαλύτερη μαρτυρία (για την ειλικρίνειά μου);» Πες: «Ο Αλλάχ είναι ο Μάρτυρας ανάμεσα σ' εμένα και σ' εσάς. Αυτό το Κορ’άν μου αποκαλύφθηκε για να προειδοποιήσω μ' αυτό εσάς και εκείνους στους οποίους θα φτάσει. Στ' αλήθεια, εσείς μαρτυράτε ότι υπάρχουν και άλλοι θεοί εκτός από τον Αλλάχ (τους οποίους λατρεύετε)!» Πες: «Εγώ όμως δεν μαρτυρώ (αυτά που μαρτυράτε).» Πες: «Πράγματι, Αυτός είναι μόνο Ένας Θεός (που αξίζει να λατρεύεται και δεν έχει κανέναν εταίρο), και αρνούμαι όλα όσα αποδίδετε σ' Αυτόν στη λατρεία.»
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
(ऐ नबी!) आप (इन मुश्रिकों से) पूछें कि कौन-सी चीज़ गवाही में सबसे बड़ी है? आप कह दें कि अल्लाह मेरे और तुम्हारे बीच गवाह[17] है तथा मेरी ओर यह क़ुरआन वह़्य (प्रकाशना) द्वारा भेजा गया है, ताकि मैं तुम्हें इसके द्वारा डराऊँ[18] और उसे भी जिस तक यह पहुँचे। क्या निःसंदेह तुम वास्तव में यह गवाही देते हो कि बेशक अल्लाह के साथ कुछ और पूज्य भी हैं? आप कह दें कि मैं तो इसकी गवाही नहीं देता। आप कह दें कि वह तो केवल एक ही पूज्य है तथा निःसंदेह मैं उससे बरी हूँ जो तुम शरीक ठहराते हो।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
Di’: «Cos’è di più grande testimonianza?» Di’: «Allāh è testimone tra me e voi, e mi è stato ispirato questo Corano, perché io avverta, per mezzo di Esso, voi e coloro a cui arriverà. Testimoniate forse che in verità esistono all’infuori di Allāh altre divinità?» Di’: «Non testimonio”. Di’: “In verità Lui è il Dio Unico e rinnego ciò che Gli paragonate!»
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
19. Sakyk (Muchammedai ﷺ ): „Kas yra didingiausias liudijime?“ Sakyk: „Allahas (Didingiausiasis!) yra Liudytojas tarp manęs ir jūsų. Šis Koranas buvo apreikštas man, kad su juo aš galėčiau įspėti jus ir visus, ką jis pasieks. Ar galite jūs tikrai paliudyti, kad šalia Allaho yra kitų alihah (dievų)?“ Sakyk: „Aš (taip) neliudiju!” Sakyk: „Bet iš tiesų Jis (Allahas) yra vienintelis vienas Ilah (Dievas). Ir tikrai aš nekaltas dėl to, ką jūs priskiriate Jam garbinime.“
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8
Afaan Oromoo · Oromo
jedhi "Sila ragaadhaaf waan hunda irra maaltu guddaadha?" jedhi. "Rabbiin Gidduu kiyyaafi gidduu keessanitti ragaadha. Qur’aanni kuni akkan ittiin isiniifi nama inni bira ga’u dinniinuuf gara kiyyatti beeksifame. Sila isin dhugumatti Rabbii wajjin gabbaramtoonni biraa jiraachuu ragaa ni baatanii?". jedhiin "Ani ragaa (akkasii) hin ba’u". jedhi "Dhugumatti, Inni dhugaan gabbaramaa tokkicha. Anis waan isin qindeessitan irraa qulqulluudha" (jedhi). [5]
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Скажи: «Что является величайшим свидетельством?» Скажи: «Аллах — свидетель между мной и вами. Мне был внушен [откровением] этот Коран, чтобы предостерегать посредством него вас и всякого, до кого он дойдёт. Неужели вы свидетельствуете, что наряду с Аллахом есть иные божества?» Скажи: «Я не свидетельствую». Скажи: «Воистину, лишь Он — Бог Единственный, и, воистину, я не причастен к тому, что вы придаёте Ему в сотоварищи».
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Реци: „Чије је највеће сведочанство?“ И одговори: „Аллахово, Он ће између мене и вас да буде сведок. А мени се овај Кур'ан објављује да упозоравам њиме вас и оне до којих он допре. Зар ви, заиста, тврдите да поред Аллаха има и других богова?“ Реци: „Ја не тврдим.“ Реци: „Он је Једини Бог, и ја немам ништа са тиме што ви Њему друге у обожавању придружујете.“
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Sema: Ni kitu gani ushahidi wake ndio mkubwa kabisa? Sema: Mwenyezi Mungu. Yeye ndiye shahidi baina yangu na nyinyi. Na imefunuliwa kwangu Qur-ani hii ili kwayo niwaonye nyinyi na kila inayemfikia. Ati kweli nyinyi mnashuhudia kuwa pamoja na Mwenyezi Mungu wapo miungu wengine? Sema: Mimi sishuhudii hayo. Sema: Hakika Yeye ni Mungu mmoja tu, nami hakika niko mbali na mnaowashirikisha.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Säg: ”Vems vittnesmål väger tyngst?” Säg: ”Det är Guds! Han är vittne mellan mig och er. Och denna Koran har uppenbarats till mig för att jag genom den ska varna er och alla som den når. Vittnar ni verkligen att det finns andra gudomar vid Guds sida?” Säg: ”Jag vittnar inte!” Säg: ”Han är en enda Gud, och jag tar helt avstånd från allt som ni dyrkar vid hans sida.”
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
De ki: “Şahitlik bakımından hangi şey daha büyüktür?” De ki: “Allah benimle sizin aranızda şahittir. İşte bu Kur’an bana, onunla sizi ve eriştiği herkesi uyarayım diye vahyolundu. Gerçekten siz mi Allah ile beraber başka ilâhlar olduğuna şahitlik ediyorsunuz?” De ki: “Ben şahitlik etmem.” De ki: “(İbadete layık) tek (hak) ilahtır ve şüphesiz ben sizin Allah’a ortak koştuğunuz şeylerden uzağım.”
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
آپ کہئے کہ سب سے بڑی چیز گواہی دینے کے لئے کون ہے، آپ کہئے کہ میرے اور تمہارے درمیان اللہ گواه ہے[1] اور میرے پاس یہ قرآن بطور وحی کے بھیجا گیا ہے تاکہ میں اس قرآن کے ذریعے سے تم کو اور جس جس کو یہ قرآن پہنچے ان سب کو ڈراؤں[2] کیا تم سچ مچ یہی گواہی دو گے کہ اللہ تعالیٰ کے ساتھ کچھ اور معبود بھی ہیں، آپ کہہ دیجئے کہ میں تو گواہی نہیں دیتا۔ آپ فرما دیجئے کہ بس وه تو ایک ہی معبود ہے اور بےشک میں تمہارے شرک سے بیزار ہوں۔
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
DIN 31635waʾin yamsaska llāhu biḍurrin falā kāšifa lahu ʾillā huwa waʾin yamsaska biḫayrin fahuwa ʿalā kulli šayʾin qadīrun
Talal Itani2012 If God touches you with adversity, none can remove it except He. And if He touches you with good-He is Capable of everything.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 If Allah touch thee with affliction, there is none that can relieve therefrom save Him, and if He touch thee with good fortune (there is none that can impair it); for He is Able to do all things
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And if God touch thee with harm, there is none to take it off but He; and if He touch thee with good, He is mighty over all
John Medows Rodwell1861 If God touch thee with trouble, none can take it off but He: and if He visit thee with good - it is He whose power is over all things
George Sale1734 And if God touch thee with affliction, there is none to remove it but He; and if He touch thee with happiness, then He has the power to do all that He wills
Talal Itani2012 Those to whom We have given the Book recognize it as they recognize their own children; but those who have lost their souls do not believe.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Those unto whom We gave the Scripture recognise (this revelation) as they recognise their sons. Those who ruin their own souls will not believe
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Those to whom we have brought the Book know him as they know their sons;- those who lose their souls do not believe
John Medows Rodwell1861 They to whom we have given the Book, recognise him (Muhammad) as they do their own children: but they who are the authors of their own perdition are they who will not believe
George Sale1734 Those to whom We gave the Book recognize him as they recognize their sons. But those who ruin their souls -- they will not believe
Talal Itani2012 Who does greater wrong than someone who fabricates lies against God, or denies His revelations? The wrongdoers will not succeed.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Who doth greater wrong than he who inventeth a lie against Allah or denieth His revelations? Lo! the wrongdoers will not be successful
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Who is more unjust than he who forges against God a lie, or says His signs are lies? verily, the unjust shall not prosper
John Medows Rodwell1861 And who more wicked than he who inventeth a lie concerning God, or who treateth our signs as lies? Verily those wicked ones shall not prosper
George Sale1734 And who is more unjust than he who forges a lie against God or treat His Signs as lies? Surely the unjust shall not prosper
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.57 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.66
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.63
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.59
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.58
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.58
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.57
Talal Itani · George Sale0.56
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.55
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.54
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.47
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.