Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
It is He who created you from a single person, and made from it its mate, that he may find comfort with her. Then, when he has covered her, she conceives a light load, and she carries it around. But when she has grown heavy, they pray to God their Lord, "if You give us a good child, we will be among the thankful."
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
He it is Who did create you from a single soul, and therefrom did make his mate that he might takerest in her. And when he covered her she bore a light burden, and she passed (unnoticed) with it, but when it became heavy they cried unto Allah, their Lord, saying: If thou givest unto us aright we shall be of the thankful
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
He it is who created you from one soul, and made therefrom its mate to dwell therewith; and when he covered her she bore a light burden and went about therewith; but when it grew heavy they called on God, Lord of them both, 'Surely if thou givest us a rightly-shaped child we shall of a surety be of those who thank
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
He it is who hath created you from a single person, and from him broughtforth his wife that he might dwell with her: and when he had known her, she bore a light burden, and went about with it; and when it became heavy, they both cried to God their Lord, "If thou give us a perfect child we will surely be of the thankful
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
He it is Who created you from a single soul and made therefrom its mate, that he might find comfort in her. And when he knows her, she bears a light burden and goes about with it. And when she grows heavy, they both pray to God, their Lord, saying, 'If thou gives us a good child, we will surely be of the thankful
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Është Ai që ju krijoi prej një njeriu të vetëm, nga i cili krijoi bashkëshorten e tij, që të gjejë prehje tek ajo. Kur ai bashkohet me të, ajo bëhet me një barrë të lehtë, duke e mbajtur (për një kohë) me lehtësi. Pastaj, kur të rëndohet, ata të dy e lusin Allahun, Zotin e tyre: "Nëse na jep fëmijë të shëndoshë, me siguri do të jemi mirënjohës."
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
তিনিই সেই সত্তা যিনি তোমাদেরকে এক ব্যক্তি থেকে সৃষ্টি করেছেন ও তার থেকে তার স্ত্রী সৃষ্টি করেছেন, যাতে সে তার কাছে প্রশান্তি পায়। অতঃপর যখন স্বামী তার স্ত্রীর সাথে মিলন করলো, তখন সে হালকা গর্ভধারণ করলো এবং এটা নিয়ে সে অনায়াসে চলাফেরা করতে লাগল। অতঃপর গর্ভ যখন বড় হয়ে ভারী হয়ে আসে তখন তারা উভয়ে তাদের রব আল্লাহর কাছে প্রার্থনা করে, ‘যদি আপনি আমাদেরকে একটি পূর্ণাঙ্গ সুসন্তান দান করেন, তাহলে অবশ্যই আমরা আপনার প্রতি কৃতজ্ঞ থাকবো।’
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
On je Taj koji vas od jednoga čovjeka stvara – a od njega je drúgu njegovu stvorio da se uz nju smiri. I kada je on nju obljubio, ona je zanijela lahko breme i nosila ga; a kad joj je ono otežalo, njih dvoje su zamolili Allaha, Gospodara svoga: ”Ako nam daruješ dobrog potomka, bit ćemo, zaista, zahvalni!”
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
On je Taj koji vas od jednoga čovjeka stvara – a od njega je drúgu njegovu stvorio da se uz nju smiri. I kada je on nju obljubio, ona je zanijela lako breme i nosila ga; a kad joj je ono otežalo, njih dvoje su zamolili Allaha, Gospodara svoga: ”Ako nam daruješ dobrog potomka, bit ćemo, zaista, zahvalni!”
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Ko Kaŋko woni takɗo on immorde e woŋkii gooti, o waɗi e makki genndo makko, fii yo o deeƴu e makko. tuma nde o renndunoo e makko, o sowii sowannde hoyfunde, o duumodi e mun. Nde o teddidunoo [e reedu ndun], ɓe torodi Alla Joomi maɓɓe : "Pellet, si a weeɗii amen (ɓiɗɗo) yottiiɗo, ma min njeye e yettooɓe Ma ɓeen".
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
۞ იგია [ალლაჰი], ვინც შეგქმნათ თქვენ ერთი ადამიანისგან და მისგან შექმნა მისი მეუღლე, რათა მასთან ეპოვა სიმშვიდე.(ხოლო ამ ქვეყანაზე) როცა მან [ადამმა] დაფარა იგი [ჰქონდა მასთან სიახლოვე], მან აიღო მსუბუქი ტვირთი [დაორსულდა] და განაგრძობდა მასთან (ცხოვრებას); ხოლო როცა დამძიმდა [მშობიარობის დრო მოახლოვდა], ორივემ [ადამმა და ევამ] მიმართეს ალლაჰს, თავიანთ უფალს: «თუ შენ (ო, ალლაჰ) გვაჩუქებ კეთილს [ადამიან შვილს და არა ცხოველს], ჩვენ აუცილებლად მადლიერები ვიქნებით შენდამი!»
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Er ist es, Der euch aus einem einzigen Wesen schuf, und Er hat aus ihm seine Gattin gemacht, damit er (also der Mann) bei ihr Ruhe finde. Als er dann über sie kam (und ihr beischlief), trug sie eine leichte Last (und wurde schwanger) und verbrachte damit (eine Zeit). Als sie dann schwer zu tragen hatte, riefen sie Beide Allah, ihren Herrn, an: „Wenn Du uns einen Rechtschaffenen gibst, werden wir ganz gewiss zu den Dankbaren gehören.“
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Είναι Αυτός που σας έπλασε από ένα (και μόνο) άτομο (τον Αδάμ), και απ' αυτόν (τον Αδάμ) έπλασε τη σύζυγό του (την Εύα), για να βρει ειρήνη και ανάπαυση σ' αυτήν. Όταν (κάποιος από σας) είχε σεξουαλική επαφή μ' αυτήν (τη γυναίκα του), και αυτή συνέλαβε και είχε εύκολη εγκυμοσύνη, και έτσι την πέρασε (με ευκολία), και όταν η κοιλιά της έγινε πιο βαριά (και ήταν έτοιμη να γεννήσει), τότε κάλεσαν (ο άνδρας και η γυναίκα του) τον Αλλάχ, τον Κύριό τους: «Αν μας δώσεις ένα υγιές παιδί, σίγουρα θα είμαστε από τους ευγνώμονες.»
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
वही (अल्लाह) है, जिसने तुम्हें एक जान[73] से पैदा किया और उसी से उसका जोड़ा बनाया, ताकि वह उसके पास सुकून हासिल करे। फिर जब उस (पति) ने उस (पत्नी) से सहवास किया, तो उसको हल्का सा गर्भ रह गया। तो वह उसे लेकर चलती फिरती रही, फिर जब वह बोझल हो गई, तो दोनों (पति-पत्नी) ने अपने पालनहार अल्लाह से दुआ की : निःसंदेह यदि तूने हमें अच्छा स्वस्थ बच्चा प्रदान किया, तो हम अवश्य ही आभार प्रकट करने वालों में से होंगे।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
Lui è Colui che vi creò da un’unica anima e ne estrasse la compagna per viverle vicino. Quando si unì a lei, concepì un peso leggero, che portò con sé. Quando si appesantì, invocarono Allāh, il loro Dio: «Se ci darai un figlio devoto, saremo riconoscenti!»
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
189. Tai Jis, Kuris sukūrė jus iš vieno asmens, ir (tada) Jis iš jo sukūrė jo žmoną tam, kad jis galėtų mėgautis gyvenimo su ja malonumu. Kai jis turėjo lytinių santykių su ja, ji tapo nėščia ir nešiojo tai lengvai. Tada, kai tai tapo sunku, jie abu kreipėsi į Allahą, savo Viešpatį (sakydami): „Jei Tu suteiksi mums Salih (visame kame gerą) vaiką, mes tikrai būsime tarp dėkingųjų.“
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Он — Тот, Кто сотворил вас из одной души и сделал из неё её пару, чтобы он находил в ней успокоение. Когда же он покрыл её, она зачала лёгким бременем и носила его некоторое время. А когда она отяжелела, они оба воззвали с мольбой к Аллаху, своему Господу: «Если Ты даруешь нам благополучного [ребёнка], то мы непременно будем из числа благодарных!»
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Он је Тај Који вас је од једног човека створио - а од њега је жену његову створио да се уз њу смири. И када је он са њом прилегао, она је занела лако бреме и носила га; а кад јој је оно отежало, њих двоје су замолили Аллаха, свога Господара: „Ако нам подариш здравог потомка, бићемо, заиста, међу оним захвалним!“
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Yeye ndiye aliyewaumba kutoka katika nafsi moja; na katika hiyo hiyo akamfanya mwenzi wake, ili ajitulize kwake. Na alipomuingilia, akabeba mimba nyepesi, akitembea nao. Anapokuwa mjamzito, wote wawili humwomba Mwenyezi Mungu, Mola wao Mlezi: Kama ukitupa mwana mwema hakika tutakuwa katika wanaoshukuru.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Det är han som skapat er ur en enda varelse och av den skapat dess maka, för att han skulle finna ro hos henne. Efter att han varit intim med henne bar hon en lätt börda som hon bar vidare. Men när den blev tung bad de båda sin Herre: ”Om du ger oss ett friskt barn kommer vi verkligen att vara tacksamma!”
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Allah, sizi bir tek nefisten yaratan ve kendisi ile huzur bulsun diye eşini de ondan var edendir. (İnsan) eşiyle birleşince eşi hafif bir yük yüklenir (gebe kalır) ve (bir müddet) onu taşır. Gebeliği ağırlaşınca her ikisi de Rableri Allah’a: “Eğer salih bir çocuk verirsen, elbette şükredenlerden olacağız.” diye dua ederler.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
وه اللہ تعالیٰ ایسا ہے جس نے تم کو ایک تن واحد سے پیدا کیا[1] اور اسی سے اس کا جوڑا بنایا[2] تاکہ وه اس اپنے جوڑے سے انس حاصل کرے[3] پھر جب میاں نے بیوی سے قربت کی تو[4] اس کو حمل ره گیا ہلکا سا۔ سو وه اس کو لئے ہوئے چلتی پھرتی رہی[5]، پھر جب وه بوجھل ہوگئی تو دونوں میاں بیوی اللہ سے جو ان کا مالک ہے دعا کرنے لگے کہ اگر تو نے ہم کو صحیح سالم اوﻻد دے دی تو ہم خوب شکر گزاری کریں گے۔[6]
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 They ask you about the Hour, "When will it come?" Say, "Knowledge of it rests with my Lord. None can reveal its coming except He. It weighs heavily on the heavens and the earth. It will not come upon you except suddenly." They ask you as if you are responsible for it. Say, "Knowledge of it rests with God," but most people do not know.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 They ask thee of the (destined) Hour, when will it come to port. Say: Knowledge thereof is with my Lord only. He alone will manifest it at its proper time. It is heavy in the heavens and the earth. It cometh not to you save unawares. They question thee as if thou couldst be well informed thereof. Say: Knowledge thereof is with Allah only, but most of mankind know not
Edward Henry Palmer1880 They will ask you about the Hour, for what time it is fixed? - say, 'The knowledge thereof is only with my Lord; none shall manifest it at its time but He; it is heavy in the heavens and the earth, it will not come to you save on a sudden.' They will ask as though thou wert privy to it, say, 'The knowledge thereof is only with God,' - but most folk do not know
John Medows Rodwell1861 They will ask thee of the Hour - for what time is its coming fixed? SAY: The knowledge of it is only with my Lord: none shall manifest it in its time but He: it is the burden of the Heavens and of the Earth: not otherwise than on a sudden will it come on you. They will ask thee as if thou wast privy to it: SAY: The knowledge of it is with none but God. But most men know not this
George Sale1734 They ask thee about the Hour; 'When it will come to pass?' Say, 'The knowledge thereof is only with my Lord. None can manifest it at its time but He. It lies heavy on the heavens and the earth. It shall not come upon you but of a sudden.' They ask thee as if thou were well-acquainted therewith. Say, 'The knowledge thereof is only with God; but most men do not know
Talal Itani2012 Say, "I have no control over any benefit or harm to myself, except as God wills. Had I known the future, I would have acquired much good, and no harm would have touched me. I am only a warner, and a herald of good news to a people who believe."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Say: For myself I have no power to benefit, nor power to hurt, save that which Allah willeth. Had I knowledge of the Unseen, I should have abundance of wealth, and adversity would not touch me. I am but a warner, and a bearer of good tidings unto folk who believe
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Say, 'I cannot control profit or harm for myself, save what God will. If I knew the unseen I should surely have much that is good, nor would evil touch me; I am but a warner and a herald of good tidings unto a people who believe
John Medows Rodwell1861 SAY: I have no control over what may be helpful or hurtful to me, but as God willeth. Had I the knowledge of his secrets, I should revel in the good, and evil should not touch me. But I am only a warner, and an announcer of good tidings to those who believe
George Sale1734 Say, 'I have no power to do good or harm to myself save as God please. And if I had the knowledge of the unseen, I should have secured abundance of good; and evil would not have touched me. I am only a Warner and a bearer of good tidings
Talal Itani2012 But when He has given them a good child, they attribute partners to Him in what He has given them. God is exalted above what they associate.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 But when He gave unto them aright, they ascribed unto Him partners in respect of that which He had given them. High is He Exalted above all that they associate (with Him)
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And when He gave them both a rightly-shaped child they joined partners with Him for that which He had given them, but exalted be God above that which they associate with Him
John Medows Rodwell1861 Yet when God had given them a perfect child, they joined partners with Him in return for what he had given them. But high is God above the partners they joined with Him
George Sale1734 But when He gives them a good child, they associate with Him partners in respect of that which He has given them. But exalted is God far above what they associate with Him
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.56 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.62
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.62
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.59
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.58
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.56
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.55
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.54
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.54
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.49
Talal Itani · George Sale0.46
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
Sources, editions and licences for everything above
ReceiptsSource fact
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.