Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
Is he who founds his structure upon piety and acceptance from God better, or he who founds his structure on the brink of a cliff that is about to tumble, so it tumbles with him into the Fire of Hell? God does not guide the unjust people.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
Is he who founded his building upon duty to Allah and His good pleasure better; or he who founded his building on the brink of a crumbling, overhangingprecipice so that it toppled with him into the fire of hell? Allah guideth not wrongdoingfolk
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
Is he who has laid his foundation upon the fear of God and of His good-will better, or he who has laid his foundation upon a crumbling wall of sand, which crumbles away with him into the fire of hell?- but God guides not a people who do wrong
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Which of the two is best? He who hath founded his building on the fear of God and the desire to please Him, or he who hath founded his building on the brink of an undermined bank washed away by torrents, so that it rusheth with him into the fire of Hell? But God guideth not the doers of wrong
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Whether therefore is he better, who hath founded his building on the fear of God and his good will; or he who hath founded his building on the brink of a bank of earth which is washed away by waters, so that it falleth with him into the fire of hell? God directeth not the ungodly people
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
A është më i mirë ai që e ndërton godinën e tij me frikën ndaj Allahut dhe kënaqësinë e Tij, apo ai që ndërton godinën e tij buzë greminës, e bie pastaj në zjarrin e Xhehenemit? Allahu nuk e udhëzon në rrugë të drejtë popullin zullumqar.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
যে ব্যক্তি তার গৃহের ভিত্তি আল্লাহর তাকওয়া ও সন্তুষ্টির ওপর প্রতিষ্ঠা করলো, সে কি উত্তম না ঐ ব্যক্তি যে তার গৃহের ভিত্তি স্থাপন করেছে, এক গর্তের ধ্বংসোন্মুখ কিনারে?(১২) অতঃপর তাকে নিয়ে তা ধসে পড়ল জাহান্নামের আগুনে। আর আল্লাহ যালিম সম্প্রদায়কে হিদায়াত দেন না।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Da li je bolji onaj koji je temelj zgrade svoje postavio u strahu od Allaha i u Njegovom zadovoljstvu, ili onaj koji je temelj zgrade svoje postavio na rub podlokane obale koja se nagnula, da se zajedno s njim u vatru džehennemsku sruši? A Allah neće uputiti na Pravi put ljude nepravedne.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Da li je bolji onaj koji je temelj zgrade svoje postavio u strahu od Allaha i u Njegovom zadovoljstvu, ili onaj koji je temelj zgrade svoje postavio na rub podlokane obale koja se nagnula, da se zajedno s njim u vatru Pakla sruši? A Allah neće uputiti na Pravi put ljude nepravedne.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
E ko on didirɗo maadi mu'un kulol Alla e welayee makko, ɓuri moƴƴude, kaa ko on didirɗo maadi mu'un e sera ngasko yirbuka, o yirbida e mayri ka Yiite Jahannama?! Alla feewnataa yimɓe tooñooɓe ɓen.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
ნუთუ უკეთესია ის, ვინც თავისი ნაგებობა ააშენა ალლაჰის შიშსა და მის კმაყოფილებაზე, თუ ის, ვინც თავისი ნაგებობა დააფუძნა ჩამოშლილი ფერდობის ნაპირას და მასთან ერთად ჩავარდა ჯოჯოხეთის ცეცხლში? ალლაჰი არ დაადგენს სწორ გზაზე უსამართლო ხალხს.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Ist denn derjenige, der seinen Bau auf Furcht vor Allah und (Sein) Wohlgefallen gegründet hat, besser oder der, der seinen Bau auf den Rand eines abstürzenden Hanges gegründet hat, so dass er mit ihm ins Feuer der Hölle abstürzt? Und Allah leitet das ungerechte Volk nicht recht.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Είναι καλύτερος, αυτός που έθεσε τα θεμέλια του κτιρίου του στην ευσέβεια προς τον Αλλάχ και στην αναζήτηση της ευαρέστησής Του, ή εκείνος που έθεσε τα θεμέλια του κτιρίου του στην άκρη ενός γκρεμού που ήταν έτοιμο να πέσει, και έτσι έπεσε μαζί του στη Φωτιά της Κολάσεως; Πράγματι, ο Αλλάχ δεν καθοδηγεί τους άδικους ανθρώπους.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
तो क्या वह व्यक्ति बेहतर है जिसने अपनी इमारत की नींव अल्लाह के डर और उसकी खुशी पर रखी, या वह जिसने अपनी इमारत की नींव एक गड्ढे के किनारे पर रखी जो ढहने वाला था? तो वह उसके साथ जहन्नम की आग में गिर पड़ा और अल्लाह ज़ालिमों को हिदायत नहीं देता।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
Chi è migliore: colui che ha costruito il proprio edificio sul compiacimento di Allāh, o colui che ha costruito il suo sul limite di un burrone che sta per franare, ed è caduto con questo nel fuoco dell’Inferno? E Allāh non guida il popolo ingiusto.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
109. Argi tada tas, kuris išklojo savo pastato pamatus ant dievobaimingumo Allahui ir Jo Pamaloninimui, yra geresnis ar tas, kuris išklojo savo pastato pamatus ant neaiškios prarajos krašto, gatavo subyrėti, taip, kad jis sutrupėtų į gabalus kartu su juo į Pragaro Ugnį. Ir Allahas neveda teisingai tų, kurie yra Zalimūn (žiaurūs, smurtaujantys, išdidūs, daugiadieviai ir nusidėjėliai).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8
Afaan Oromoo · Oromo
Sila nama jaarmaya isaa sodaa Rabbirraa ta’eefi jaalala (Isaa) irratti bu’ureesse ccaalamoo, nama jaarmaya isaa afaan (qarqara) boollaa (jijjiiyduu) kan cituutti dhiyaate irratti bu’uuressee, ibidda jahannam keessatti isaan jigetu caala? Rabbiin ummata miidhaa hojjattoota hin qajeelchu. [32]
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Разве тот, кто основал своё строение на богобоязненности перед Аллахом и Его довольстве, лучше, или же тот, кто основал своё строение на краю обрушивающегося обрыва, и он рухнул вместе с ним в огонь Геенны? Аллах не наставляет на верный путь несправедливых людей.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Да ли је бољи онај који је темељ своје грађевине поставио у страху од Аллаха и желећи Његово задовољство, или онај који је темељ своје зграде поставио на руб подлокане обале која се нагнула, да се сруши заједно са њим у ватри Пакла? А Аллах неће да упути на Прави пут неправедне.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Je, mwenye kuweka msingi wa mjengo wake juu ya uchaji utokao kwa Mwenyezi Mungu na radhi zake ni bora zaidi au mwenye kuweka msingi wa mjengo wake juu ya ukingo wa shimo unaoporomoka? Kwa hivyo ukaporomoka naye ndani ya Moto wa Jahannamu? Na Mwenyezi Mungu hawaongoi kaumu madhalimu.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Är den som grundar sin byggnad på gudsfruktan och på hans välbehag bättre, eller den som uppför den vid kanten av en urholkad brant som rasar ned med honom i helvetets eld? Gud vägleder inte orättfärdiga människor.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Binasını, Allah’tan sakınma/takvalı olma ve O’nun rızası üzerine kuran kimse mi hayırlıdır; yoksa binasını yıkılmak üzere olan bir yerin kenarına yapıp da onunla beraber Cehennem ateşine yuvarlanan kimse mi? Allah, zalim toplumlara hidayet etmez.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
پھر آیا ایسا شخص بہتر ہے جس نے اپنی عمارت کی بنیاد اللہ سے ڈرنے پر اور اللہ کی خوشنودی پر رکھی ہو، یا وه شخص، کہ جس نے اپنی عمارت کی بنیاد کسی گھاٹی کے کنارے پر جو کہ گرنے ہی کو ہو، رکھی ہو، پھر وه اس کو لے کر آتش دوزخ میں گر پڑے[1] ، اور اللہ تعالیٰ ایسے ﻇالموں کو سمجھ ہی نہیں دیتا۔
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Easy-read (simplified)walladheena takhadhoo masjidan diraaran wakufran watafreeqan bayna l-mu'mineena wa'irsaadan liman haaraba llaaha warasoolahu min qablu walayahlifunna in aradnaa illaa l-husnaa wallaahu yashhadu innahum lakaadhiboon
DIN 31635wallaḏīna taḫaḏū masǧidan ḍirāran wakufran watafrīqan bayna l-muʾminīna waʾirṣādan liman ḥāraba llāha warasūlahu min qablu walayaḥlifunna ʾin ʾaradnā ʾillā l-ḥusnā wallāhu yašhadu ʾinnahum lakāḏibūna
The translators word this verse differently
Talal Itani2012 Then there are those who establish a mosque to cause harm, and disbelief, and disunity among the believers, and as an outpost for those who fight God and His Messenger. They will swear: "Our intentions are nothing but good." But God bears witness that they are liars.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And as for those who chose a place of worship out of opposition and disbelief, and in order to cause dissent among the believers, and as an outpost for those who warred against Allah and His messenger aforetime, they will surely swear: We purposed naught save good. Allah beareth witness that they verily are liars
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And there are those who have taken to a mosque for mischief, and for misbelief, and to make a breach amongst the believers, and for an ambush for him who made war against God and His Apostle before; they surely swear, 'We only wished for what was good;' but God bears witness that they are liars
John Medows Rodwell1861 There are some who have built a Mosque for mischief and for infidelity, and to disunite the faithful, and in expectation of him who, in time past, warred against God and His Apostle. They will surely swear, "Our aim was only good:" but God is witness that they are liars
George Sale1734 There are some who have built a temple to hurt the faithful, and to propagate infidelity, and to foment division among the true believers, and for a lurking place for him who hath fought against God and his apostle in time past; and they swear, saying, verily we intended no other than to do for the best: But God is witness that they do certainly lie
Talal Itani2012 Do not stand in it, ever. A mosque founded upon piety from the first day is worthier of your standing in it. In it are men who love to be purified. God loves those who purify themselves.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Never stand (to pray) there. A place of worship which was found upon duty (to Allah) from the first day is more worthy that thou shouldst stand (to pray) therein, wherein are men who love to purify themselves. Allah loveth the purifiers
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Never stand up therein!- there is a mosque founded on piety from the first day: it is more right that thou shouldst stand therein;- therein are men who love to be clean; for God doth love the clean
John Medows Rodwell1861 Never set thou foot in it. There is a Mosque founded from its first day in piety. More worthy is it that thou enter therein: therein are men who aspire to purity, and God loveth the purified
George Sale1734 Stand not up to pray therein for ever. There is a temple founded on piety, from the first day of its building. It is more just that thou stand up to pray therein: Therein are men who love to be purified; for God loveth the clean
Talal Itani2012 The structure which they built will remain questionable in their hearts, until their hearts are stopped. God is Knowing and Wise.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 The building which they built will never cease to be a misgiving in their hearts unless their hearts be torn to pieces. Allah is Knower, Wise
Edward Henry Palmer1880 The building which they have built will not cease to be a source of doubt in their hearts until their hearts are cut asunder; but God is knowing, wise
John Medows Rodwell1861 Their building which they have built will not cease to cause uneasiness in their hearts, until their hearts are cut in pieces. God is Knowing, Wise
George Sale1734 Their building which they have built will not cease to be an occasion of doubting in their hearts, until their hearts be cut in pieces; and God is knowing and wise
DIN 31635ʾinna llāha štarā mina l-muʾminīna ʾanfusahum waʾamwālahum biʾanna lahumu l-ǧannata yuqātilūna fī sabīli llāhi fayaqtulūna wayuqtalūna waʿdan ʿalayhi ḥaqqan fī t-tawrāti wal-ʾinǧīli wal-qurʾāni waman ʾawfā biʿahdihi mina llāhi fastabširū bibayʿikumu llaḏī bāyaʿtum bihi waḏālika huwa l-fawzu l-ʿaẓīmu
Talal Itani2012 God has purchased from the believers their lives and their properties in exchange for Paradise. They fight in God's way, and they kill and get killed. It is a promise binding on Him in the Torah, and the Gospel, and the Quran. And who is more true to his promise than God? So rejoice in making such an exchange-that is the supreme triumph.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Lo! Allah hath bought from the believers their lives and their wealth because the Garden will be theirs: they shall fight in the way of Allah and shall slay and be slain. It is a promise which is binding on Him in the Torah and the Gospel and the Qur'an. Who fulfilleth His covenant better than Allah? Rejoice then in your bargain that ye have made, for that is the supreme triumph
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Verily, God hath bought of the believers their persons and their wealth, for the paradise they are to have; they shall fight in the way of God, and they shall slay and be slain: promised in truth, in the law and the gospel and the Qur'an;- and who is more faithful to His covenant than God ? Be ye glad then in the covenant which ye have made with Him, for that is the mighty happiness
John Medows Rodwell1861 Verily, of the faithful hath God bought their persons and their substance, on condition of Paradise for them in return: on the path of God shall they fight, and slay, and be slain: a Promise for this is pledged in the Law, and in the Evangel, and in the Koran - and who more faithful, in to his engagement than God? Rejoice, therefore, in the contract that ye have contracted: for this shall be the great bliss
George Sale1734 Verily God hath purchased of the true believers their souls, and their substance, promising them the enjoyment of paradise; on condition that they fight for the cause of God: Whether they slay or be slain, the promise for the same is assuredly due by the law, and the gospel, and the Koran. And who performeth his contract more faithfully than God? Rejoice therefore in the contract which ye have made. This shall be great happiness
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.58 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.65
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.64
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.64
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.63
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.58
Talal Itani · George Sale0.58
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.57
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.55
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.54
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.46
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.