Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
The believing men and believing women are friends of one another. They advocatevirtue, forbid evil, perform the prayers, practicecharity, and obey God and His Messenger. These-God will have mercy on them. God is Noble and Wise.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
And the believers, men and women, are protecting friends one of another; they enjoin the right and forbid the wrong, and they establishworship and they pay the poor-due, and they obey Allah and His messenger. As for these, Allah will have mercy on them. Lo! Allah is Mighty, Wise
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
And the believers, men and women, are some the patrons of others; they bid what is reasonable, and forbid what is wrong, and are steadfast in prayer, and give alms, and obey God and His Apostle. On these will God have mercy; verily, God is mighty, wise
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
The faithful of both sexes are mutual friends: they enjoin what is just, and forbid what is evil; they observe prayer, and pay the legalimpost, and they obey God and His Apostle. On these will God have mercy: verily, God is Mighty, Wise
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
And the faithful men, and the faithful women are friends one to another: They command that which is just, and they forbid that which is evil; and they are constant at prayer, and pay their appointed alms; and they obey God, and his apostle: Unto these will God be merciful; for He is mighty and wise
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Besimtarët dhe besimtaret janë miq të njëri-tjetrit; urdhërojnë për vepra të mira dhe ndalojnë të këqijat, e falin namazin, japin zekatin dhe i binden Allahut dhe të Dërguarit të Tij. Këta do t'i mëshirojë Allahu, sepse Allahu është i Gjithëfuqishëm dhe i Urtë.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
আর মু’মিন পুরুষ ও মু’মিন নারীরা একে অপরের বন্ধু । তারা সৎকাজের আদেশ দেয় ও অসৎকাজ থেকে নিষেধ করে, সালাত কায়িম করে, যাকাত দেয় এবং আল্লাহ ও তাঁর রাসূলের আনুগত্য করে। এরাই সেসব লোক, যাদের প্রতি আল্লাহ অচিরেই রহম করবেন। নিশ্চয় আল্লাহ পরাক্রমশালী, প্রজ্ঞাময়।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
A vjernici i vjernice prijatelji su jedni drugima: traže da se čine dobra djela, a od nevaljalih odvraćaju, i namaz obavljaju i zekat daju, i Allahu i Poslaniku Njegovu se pokoravaju. To su oni kojima će se Allah, sigurno, smilovati. – Allah je, doista, silan i mudar.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
A vjernici i vjernice prijatelji su jedni drugima: traže da se čine dobra djela, a od nevaljalih odvraćaju, i klanjaju i zekat daju, i Allahu i Poslaniku Njegovu se pokoravaju. To su oni kojima će se Allah, sigurno, smilovati. – Allah je, doista, silan i mudar.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Gooŋɗimɓe worɓe ɓen e gooŋɗinɓe rewɓe ɓen yoga maɓɓe ko wallooɓe yoga. Hiɓe yamira moƴƴere, ɓe haɗa ŋiñere=bone, ɓe ñiiɓna juulde, ɓe totta zakka, ɓe ɗoftoo Alla e Nualaaɗo makko on. ɓen ɗoon, arma Alla yurmee ɓe. Pellet, Alla ko pooluɗo, Ñeeñuɗo.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
მორწმუნე კაცები და მორწმუნე ქალები ერთმანეთის მეგობრები და მფარველები არიან. ისინი ბრძანებენ იმას, რაც სიკეთეა და კრძალავენ იმას, რაც ბოროტებაა, აღასრულებენ ლოცვას და გასცემენ ზაქათს, ემორჩილებიან ალლაჰსა და მის შუამავალს. სწორედ მათ შეიწყალებს ალლაჰი. ჭეშმარიტად, ალლაჰი ძლევამოსილი, ბრძენია.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Und die gläubigen Männer und Frauen sind einer des anderen Beschützer. Sie gebieten das Rechte und verbieten das Verwerfliche, verrichten das Gebet und entrichten die Pflichtabgabe und gehorchen Allah und Seinem Gesandten. Sie sind jene, denen Allah Sich erbarmen wird. Wahrlich, Allah ist allmächtig und allweise.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Οι πιστοί, άνδρες και γυναίκες, είναι οι υποστηρικτές (οι κηδεμόνες και οι προστάτες) ο ένας για τον άλλο, διατάζουν το καλό, απαγορεύουν το κακό, τελούν την προσευχή, παραχωρούν τη Ζακά (ετήσια υποχρεωτική ελεημοσύνη) και υπακούουν τον Αλλάχ και τον Αγγελιαφόρο Του. Εκείνοι είναι αυτοί που θα τους ελεήσει ο Αλλάχ. Πράγματι, ο Αλλάχ είναι ‘Αζείζ (Παντοδύναμος, Ανίκητος) και Χακείμ (Πάνσοφος).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
और ईमान वाले मर्द और ईमान वाली औरतें एक-दूसरे के दोस्त हैं, वे भलाई का हुक्म देते हैं और बुराई से मना करते हैं और नमाज़ क़ायम करते हैं और ज़कात देते हैं तथा अल्लाह और उसके रसूल की आज्ञा का पालन करते हैं। यही लोग हैं जिनपर अल्लाह दया करेगा। निःसंदेह अल्लाह सब पर प्रभुत्वशाली, पूर्ण हिकमत वाला है।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
E i credenti e le credenti si sostengono a vicenda: loro ordinano ciò che è giusto e proibiscono ciò che è sbagliato; praticano la preghiera con devozione e osservano la Zekēt, e obbediscono ad Allāh e al Suo Messaggero. A quelli Allāh concederà la Sua pietà: in verità Allāh è Potente, Saggio.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
71. Tikintieji, vyrai ir moterys, yra vienas kito Aulija (padėjejai, rėmėjai, draugai, globėjai). Jie įsako (žmonėms) Al-Maruf (t. y. islamiškąjį monoteizmą ir visa, ką islamas įsako daryti) ir draudžia (žmonėms) Al-Munkar (t. y. daugiadievystę ir visų rūšių netikėjimą ir visa, ką islamas draudžia). Jie atlieka As-Salat (Ikamat-as-Salat), duoda Zakat ir paklūsta Allahui ir Jo Pasiuntiniui. Allahas suteiks jiems Savo Gailestingumą. Iš tiesų, Allahas yra Visa Galingas, Visa Išmanantis.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8
Afaan Oromoo · Oromo
Mu’uminoonni dhiiratiifi Mu’uminoonni dubaraa gariin isaanii jaalallee gariiti. Toltutti ajaju; hamtuu irraa dhorgu, salaata gadi dhaabu; Zakaa ni kennu; Rabbiifi ergamaa Isaatiifis ni ajajamu. Warri sun Rabbiin fuula dura rahmata isaaniif godha. Rabbiin injifataa, ogeessa.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Верующие мужчины и верующие женщины — покровители друг другу. Они повелевают одобряемое и удерживают от предосудительного, совершают молитву должным образом, выплачивают закят и повинуются Аллаху и Его Посланнику. Таких Аллах помилует. Воистину, Аллах — могущественный, мудрый.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
А верници и вернице пријатељи и заштитници су једни другима: траже да се раде добра дела, а одвраћају од неваљалих, и обављају молитву и дају милостињу, и покоравају се Аллаху и Његовом Посланику. То су они којима ће Аллах сигурно да се смилује. Аллах је, заиста, силан и мудар.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Na Waumini wanaume na Waumini wanawake wao kwa wao ni marafiki walinzi. Huamrisha mema na hukataza maovu, na husimamisha Sala, na hutoa Zaka, na humtii Mwenyezi Mungu na Mtume wake. Hao Mwenyezi Mungu atawarehemu. Hakika Mwenyezi Mungu ni Mwenye nguvu, Mwenye hekima.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
De troende, männen såväl som kvinnorna, är varandras fasta stöd. De påbjuder det goda och förbjuder det onda, och de förrättar bönen och ger den obligatoriska allmosan och lyder Gud och hans sändebud. Dessa ska Gud visa barmhärtighet. Gud är allsmäktig, vis.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Mümin erkekler ve Mümin kadınlar birbirlerinin velileridir. İyiliği emrederler; kötülüğe engel olurlar. Namazı ikame ederler, zekât verirler, Allah’a ve Rasûlüne itaat ederler. İşte bunlara Allah rahmet edecektir. Allah şüphesiz Aziz'dir, Hakîm'dir.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
مومن مرد وعورت آپس میں ایک دوسرے کے (مددگار ومعاون اور) دوست ہیں[1] ، وه بھلائیوں کا حکم دیتے ہیں اور برائیوں سے روکتے ہیں[2]، نمازوں کو پابندی سے بجا ﻻتے ہیں زکوٰة ادا کرتے ہیں، اللہ کی اور اس کے رسول کی بات مانتے ہیں[3]، یہی لوگ ہیں جن پر اللہ تعالیٰ بہت جلد رحم فرمائے گا بیشک اللہ غلبے واﻻ حکمت واﻻ ہے۔
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 Like those before you. They were more powerful than you, and had more wealth and children. They enjoyed their share, and you enjoyed your share, as those before you enjoyed their share. And you indulged, as they indulged. It is they whose works will fail in this world and in the Hereafter. It is they who are the losers.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Even as those before you who were mightier than you in strength, and more affluent than you in wealth and children. They enjoyed their lot awhile, so ye enjoy your lot awhile even as those before you did enjoy their lot awhile. And ye prate even as they prated. Such are they whose works have perished in the world and the Hereafter. Such are they who are the losers
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Ye are like those who were before you. They were stronger than you and more abundant in wealth and children; they enjoyed their portion then, and ye enjoy your portion, as they enjoyed their portion before you; and ye discuss as they discussed. Their works are vain in this world and the next, and they it is who lose
John Medows Rodwell1861 Ye act like those who flourished before you. Mightier were they than you in prowess, and more abundant in wealth and children, and they enjoyed their portion: so ye also enjoy your portion, as they who were before you enjoyed theirs; and ye hold discourses like their discourses. These! vain their works both for this world and for that which is to come! These! they are the lost ones
George Sale1734 As they who have been before you, so are ye. They were superior to you in strength, and had more abundance of wealth and of children; and they enjoyed their portion in this world; and ye also enjoy your portion here, as they who have preceded you, enjoyed their portion. And ye engage your selves in vain discourses, like unto those wherein they engaged themselves. The works of these are vain both in this world, and in that which is to come; and these are they who perish
Talal Itani2012 Have they not heard the stories of those before them? The people of Noah, and Aad, and Thamood; and the people of Abraham, and the inhabitants of Median, and the Overturned Cities? Their messengers came to them with the clear proofs. God never wronged them, but they used to wrong their own selves.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Hath not the fame of those before them reached them - the folk of Noah, A'ad, Thamud, the folk of Abraham, the dwellers of Midian and the disasters (which befell them)? Their messengers (from Allah) came unto them with proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty). So Allah surely wronged them not, but they did wrong themselves
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Did there not come to them the declaration of those who were before them? of the people of Noah and 'Ad and Thamud, and of the people of Abraham, and the people of Midian? and of the overturned (cities)? Their apostles came to them with manifest signs; for God would not wrong them, but it was themselves they wronged
John Medows Rodwell1861 Hath not the history reached them of those who were before them? - of the people of Noah, and of Ad, and of Themoud, and of the people of Abraham, and of the inhabitants of Madian, and of the overthrown cities? Their apostles came to them with clear proofs of their mission: God would not deal wrongly by them, but they dealt wrongly by themselves
George Sale1734 Have they not been acquainted with the history of those who have been before them? Of the people of Noah, and of Ad, and of Thamud, and of the people of Abraham, and of the inhabitants of Madian, and of the cities which were overthrown? Their apostles came unto them with evident demonstrations: And God was not disposed to treat them unjustly; but they dealt unjustly with their own souls
Easy-read (simplified)wa'ada llaahu l-mu'mineena wal-mu'minaati jannaatin tajree min tahtihaa l-'anhaaru khaalideena feehaa wamasaakina tayyibatan fee jannaati 'adnin waridwaanun mina llaahi akbaru dhaalika huwa l-fawzu l-'azeem
DIN 31635waʿada llāhu l-muʾminīna wal-muʾmināti ǧannātin taǧrī min taḥtihā l-ʾanhāru ḫālidīna fīhā wamasākina ṭayyibatan fī ǧannāti ʿadnin wariḍwānun mina llāhi ʾakbaru ḏālika huwa l-fawzu l-ʿaẓīmu
The translators word this verse differently
Talal Itani2012 God promises the believers, men and women, gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein forever, and fine homes in the Gardens of Eden. But approval from God is even greater. That is the supreme achievement.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Allah promiseth to the believers, men and women, Gardens underneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide - blessed dwellings in Gardens of Eden. And - greater (far)! - acceptance from Allah. That is the supreme triumph
Edward Henry Palmer1880 God has promised to believers, men and women, gardens beneath which rivers flow, to dwell therein for aye; and goodly places in the garden of Eden. But good-will from God is the greatest of all! that is the mighty happiness
John Medows Rodwell1861 To the faithful, both men and women, God promiseth gardens 'neath which the rivers flow, in which they shall abide, and goodly mansions in the gardens of Eden. But best of all will be God's good pleasure in them. This will be the great bliss
George Sale1734 God promiseth unto the true believers, both men and women, gardens through which rivers flow, wherein they shall remain for ever; and delicious dwellings in gardens of perpetual abode: But good will from God shall be their most excellent reward. This will be great felicity
Talal Itani2012 O Prophet! Strive against the disbelievers and the hypocrites, and be stern with them. Their abode is Hell-what a miserable destination!
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 O Prophet! Strive against the disbelievers and the hypocrites! Be harsh with them. Their ultimate abode is hell, a hapless journey's end
Edward Henry Palmer1880 O thou prophet! strive strenuously against the misbelievers and the hypocrites, and be stern against them; for their resort is hell, and an ill journey shall it be
John Medows Rodwell1861 O Prophet! contend against the infidels and the hypocrites, and be rigorous with them: Hell shall be their dwelling place! Wretched the journey thither
George Sale1734 O prophet, wage war against the unbelievers and the hypocrites, and be severe unto them: For their dwelling shall be hell; an unhappy journey shall it be thither
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.61 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.67
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.66
Talal Itani · George Sale0.65
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.63
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.62
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.62
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.61
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.61
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.54
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.53
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
Sources, editions and licences for everything above
ReceiptsSource fact
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.