Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
The likeness of the Garden promised to the righteous: rivers flowing beneath it; its food is perpetual, and so is its shade. Such is the sequel for those who guard against evil, but the sequel of the disbelievers is the Fire.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
A similitude of the Garden which is promised unto those who keep their duty (to Allah): Underneath it rivers flow; its food is everlasting, and its shade; this is the reward of those who keep their duty, while the reward of disbelievers is the Fire
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
The likeness of the Paradise which those who fear God are promised, beneath it rivers flow, its food is enduring, and likewise its shade! That is the recompense of those who fear; but the recompense of misbelievers is the Fire
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
A picture of the Paradise which God hath promised to them that fear Him. The rivers flow beneath its bowers: its food and its shades are perpetual. This is the reward of those who fear God; but the reward of the unbelievers is the Fire
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
This is the description of paradise, which is promised to the pious. It is watered by rivers; its food is perpetual, and its shade also: This shall be the reward of those who fear God. But the reward of the infidels shall be hell fire
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Xheneti që iu premtua të ruajturve është si vijon: nëpër të rrjedhin lumenj, frutat e tij janë të përhershëm, e edhe hija e tij. Ky është fundi i atyre që u ruajtën, kurse fundi i jobesimtarëve është Zjarri.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
মুত্তাকীদেরকে যে জান্নাতের প্রতিশ্রুতি দেয়া হয়েছে, সেটির দৃষ্টান্ত এরূপ, তার তলদেশে নদীসমূহ প্রবাহিত, তার খাদ্যসামগ্রী অফুরন্ত ও ছায়া সার্বক্ষণিক। যারা আল্লাহকে (তাঁর আদেশ-নিষেধ মেনে) ভয় করেছে, এটি তাদের শুভ পরিণাম। আর কাফিরদের পরিণাম হলো জাহান্নাম।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Ovakav je Džennet obećan onima koji se budu Allaha bojali: vrtovi s rijekama, kroz njega rijeke teku, njegovi plodovi i hladovina trajni su; to će, na kraju, slijediti onima koji se Allaha boje i grijeha klone, a ono što nevjernicima na kraju slijedi Vatra će biti.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Ovakav je Raj obećan onima koji se budu Allaha bojali: vrtovi s rijekama, kroz njega rijeke teku, njegovi plodovi i hladovina trajni su; to će, na kraju, slijediti onima koji se Allaha boje i grijeha klone, a ono što nevjernicima na kraju slijedi Vatra će biti.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Sugu Aljanna mo gooŋɗuɓe ɓeen fodaa on: Caati no ila ley makko; ñaamri makko ɗi ko duumiiɗum, e ɗowdi makko ndin. Ɗuum ko battane ɓen gooŋɗuɓe, battane heeferbe non ko Yiite.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
۞ (სამოთხის) ბაღის მაგალითი, რომელიც (ალლაჰისგან) აღთქმულია მათთვის, ვისაც (ალლაჰის) ეშინია: მათ(სამოთხის) ქვეშ მდინარეები მიედინება, მისი (სამოთხის) საჭმელი (სასმელიც და ხილეულიც) მუდმივია და მისი ჩრდილიც (მუდმივია) (რომელიც არ ქრება და არ მცირდება). ეს არის საზღაური მათთვის, ვინც ფრთხილობდა (ალლაჰის სასჯელს), ხოლო ურწმუნოთა საზღაური არის ცეცხლი.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
(Dies ist) das Gleichnis des (Paradies)gartens, der den (Allah-)Fürchtenden versprochen wurde: Unter ihm fließen Bäche und sein Ernteertrag ist ständig und (ebenso) sein Schatten. Dies ist der (letztendliche) Ausgang für diejenigen (, die Allah) fürchten. Und der Ausgang der Ungläubigen ist das (Höllen)feuer.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Η περιγραφή του Παραδείσου, που τον υποσχέθηκε (ο Αλλάχ) στους ευσεβείς που φυλάσσονται από την τιμωρία του Αλλάχ (τηρώντας τις εντολές Του) είναι ότι κάτω απ' αυτόν (δηλ. κάτω από τα παλάτια και τα δέντρα του) ρέουν ποτάμια, οι καρποί του είναι μόνιμοι, το ίδιο και η σκιά του. Αυτή είναι η τελική κατοικία εκείνων που φυλάσσονται από την τιμωρία του Αλλάχ, ενώ η τελική κατοικία των άπιστων είναι η Φωτιά!
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
उस जन्नत की विशेषता, जिसका अल्लाह से डरने वालों (मुत्तक़ियों) से वादा किया गया है, यह है कि उसके नीचे से नहरें बह रही हैं, उसका फल हमेशा रहने वाला है और उसकी छाया भी। यह उन लोगों का परिणाम है, जो अल्लाह से डरते रहे। और काफ़िरों का परिणाम आग (जहन्नम) है।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
L’esempio del Paradiso promesso ai devoti: sotto di esso scorrono fiumi; i suoi frutti e le sue ombre sono eterni. Questo è il destino di quelli che sono devoti, e quello dei miscredenti sarà il Fuoco.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
35. Rojaus, kuris buvo pažadėtas Mutakūn (dievobaimingiesiems – žr. ają 2:2), aprašymas: po juo teka upės, jo maisto atsargos yra amžinos ir taip pat jo pavėsis. Tai Mutakūn (dievobaimingųjų – žr. ają 2:2) pabaiga (galutinis tikslas), o netikinčiųjų pabaiga (galutinis tikslas) yra Ugnis.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Вот образ Рая, обещанного богобоязненным: внизу него текут реки, яства его вечны, как и тень его. Таков исход тех, которые были богобоязненны, а итог отвергших веру — адский огонь.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Пример Раја обећан онима који се буду бојали Аллаха је: вртови са рекама, кроз њега теку реке, његови плодови и хладовина су трајни; то ће, на крају, да припадне онима који се боје Аллаха и клоне греха, а одредиште неверника је Пакао.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Mfano wa Bustani waliyoahidiwa wacha Mungu, kwa chini yake inapita mito, chakula chake ni cha daima, na pia kivuli chake. Huu ndio mwisho wa wale waliomcha Mungu. Na mwisho wa makafiri ni Moto.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Beskrivningen av paradiset som de gudfruktiga har blivit lovade är: [en trädgård] genom vilken floder rinner; dess frukter tar inte slut och dess skugga upphör aldrig. Detta är den slutliga destinationen för de som fruktar Gud, men för de otrogna väntar elden.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Allah’a karşı gelmekten sakınanlara va’dolunan Cennet'in durumu şudur: Onun içinden ırmaklar akar, yemişleri ve gölgeleri devamlıdır. İşte bu, Allah’a karşı gelmekten sakınanların sonudur. Kâfirlerin sonu ise ateştir.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
اس جنت کی صفت، جس کا وعده پرہیزگاروں کو دیا گیا ہے یہ ہے کہ اس کے نیچے سے نہریں بہہ رہی ہیں۔ اس کا میوه ہمیشگی واﻻ ہے اور اس کا سایہ بھی۔ یہ ہے انجام پرہیزگاروں کا[1] ، اور کافروں کا انجام کار دوزخ ہے.
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Easy-read (simplified)afaman huwa qaa'imun 'alaa kulli nafsin bimaa kasabat waja'aloo lillaahi shurakaa'a qul sammoohum am tunabbi'oonahu bimaa laa ya'lamu fee l-'ardi am bizaahirin mina l-qawli bal zuyyina lilladheena kafaroo makruhum wasuddoo 'ani s-sabeeli waman yudlili llaahu famaa lahu min haad
DIN 31635ʾafaman huwa qāʾimun ʿalā kulli nafsin bimā kasabat waǧaʿalū lillāhi šurakāʾa qul sammūhum ʾam tunabbiʾūnahu bimā lā yaʿlamu fī l-ʾarḍi ʾam biẓāhirin mina l-qawli bal zuyyina lillaḏīna kafarū makruhum waṣuddū ʿani s-sabīli waman yuḍlili llāhu famā lahu min hādin
Talal Itani2012 Is He who is watchful over the deeds of every soul? Yet they ascribe associates to God. Say, "Name them! Or are you informing Him of something on earth He does not know, or is it a show of words?" In fact, the scheming of those who disbelieve is made to appear good to them, and they are averted from the path. Whomever God misguides has no guide.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Is He Who is aware of the deserts of every soul (as he who is aware of nothing)? Yet they ascribe unto Allah partners. Say: Name them. Is it that ye would inform Him of something which He knoweth not in the earth? Or is it but a way of speaking? Nay but their contrivance is made seeming fair for those who disbelieve and they are kept from the right road. He whom Allah sendeth astray, for him there is no guide
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Shall He who is standing over every soul (to note) what it has earned -? And they join partners with God! Say, 'Name them; can ye inform Him of what He does not know in the earth? or is it for name's sake only (that ye call upon them)? 'Nay, then, stratagem is made seemly to those who misbelieve, and they turn folks from the path of God! But whomsoever God doth lead astray, no guide has he
John Medows Rodwell1861 Who is it then that is standing over every soul to mark its actions? Yet have they set up associates with God. SAY: Name them. What! Would ye inform God of that which He knoweth not on the Earth? Or are they not a mere empty name? But prepared of old for the infidels was this fraud of theirs; and they are turned aside from the path; and whom God causeth to err, no guide shall there be for him
George Sale1734 Who is it therefore that standeth over every soul, to observe that which it committeth? They attribute companions unto God. Say, name them: Will ye declare unto Him that which He knoweth not in the earth? Or will ye name them in outward speech only? But the deceitful procedure of the infidels was prepared for them; and they are turned aside from the right path: For he whom God shall cause to err, shall have no director
Easy-read (simplified)lahum 'adhaabun fee l-hayaati d-dunyaa wala'adhaabu l-'aakhirati ashaqqu wamaa lahum mina llaahi min waaq
DIN 31635lahum ʿaḏābun fī l-ḥayāti d-dunyā walaʿaḏābu l-ʾāḫirati ʾašaqqu wamā lahum mina llāhi min wāqin
The translators word this verse differently
Talal Itani2012 There is for them torment in the worldly life, but the torment of the Hereafter is harsher. And they have no defender against God.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 For them is torment in the life of the world, and verily the doom of the Hereafter is more painful, and they have no defender from Allah
Edward Henry Palmer1880 For them is torment in this world's life; but surely the torment of the next is more wretched still - nor have they against God a keeper
John Medows Rodwell1861 Chastisement awaiteth them in this present life, and more grievous shall be the chastisement of the next: and none shall screen them from God
George Sale1734 They shall suffer a punishment in this life; but the punishment of the next shall be more grievous: And there shall be none to protect them against God
Talal Itani2012 Those to whom We gave the Scripture rejoice in what was revealed to you, while some factions reject parts of it. Say, "I am commanded to worship God, and to never associate anything with Him. To Him I invite, and to Him is my return."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Those unto whom We gave the Scripture rejoice in that which is revealed unto thee. And of the clans there are who deny some of it. Say: I am commanded only that I serve Allah and ascribe unto Him no partner. Unto Him I cry, and unto Him is my return
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And those to whom we brought the Book rejoice in that which we have sent down to thee; but of the confederates are some who deny a part thereof. Say, 'I am only bidden to serve God and not to associate any with Him; on Him I call and to Him is my recourse
John Medows Rodwell1861 They to whom we have given the Book rejoice in what hath been sent down to thee; yet some are banded together who deny a part of it. SAY: I am commanded to worship God, and not to associate any creature with Him. On Him do I call, and to Him shall I return
George Sale1734 Those to whom We have given the scriptures, rejoice at what hath been revealed unto thee. Yet there are some of the confederates who deny part thereof. Say unto them, verily I am commanded to worship God alone; and to give Him no companion: Upon Him do I call, and unto Him shall I return
Easy-read (simplified)wakadhaalika anzalnaahu hukman 'arabiyyan wala'ini taba'ta ahwaa'ahum ba'da maa jaa'aka mina l-'ilmi maa laka mina llaahi min waliyyin walaa waaq
DIN 31635wakaḏālika ʾanzalnāhu ḥukman ʿarabiyyan walaʾini tabaʿta ʾahwāʾahum baʿda mā ǧāʾaka mina l-ʿilmi mā laka mina llāhi min waliyyin walā wāqin
The translators word this verse differently
Talal Itani2012 Thus We revealed it an Arabic code of law. Were you to follow their desires, after the knowledge that has come to you, you would have neither ally nor defender against God.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Thus have We revealed it, a decisive utterance in Arabic; and if thou shouldst follow their desires after that which hath come unto thee of knowledge, then truly wouldst thou have from Allah no protecting friend nor defender
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Thus have we sent it down, an Arabic judgment, but hadst thou followed their lusts, after the knowledge that has come to thee, thou hadst not had against God a patron or a keeper
John Medows Rodwell1861 Thus, then, as a code in the Arabic tongue have we sent down the Koran; and truly, if after the knowledge that hath reached thee thou follow their desires, thou shalt have no guardian nor protector against God
George Sale1734 To this purpose have We sent down the Koran, a rule of judgment, in the Arabic language. And verily if thou follow their desires, after the knowledge which hath been given thee, there shall be none to defend or protect thee against God
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.60 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.67
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.64
Talal Itani · George Sale0.64
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.63
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.62
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.61
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.60
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.55
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.53
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.49
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
Sources, editions and licences for everything above
ReceiptsSource fact
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.