Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
And do not be like her who unravels her yarn, breaking it into pieces, after she has spun it strongly. Nor use your oaths as means of deception among you, because one community is more prosperous than another. God is testing you thereby. On the Day of Resurrection, He will make clear to you everything you had disputed about.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
And be not like unto her who unravelleth the thread, after she hath made it strong, to thinfilaments, making your oaths a deceit between you because of a nation being more numerous than (another) nation. Allah only trieth you thereby, and He verily will explain to you on the Day of Resurrection that wherein ye differed
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
And be not like her who unravels her yarn, fraying it out after she hath spun it close, by taking your oaths for mutual intrigue, because one nation is more numerous than another; God only tries you therewith, but He will make manifest to you on the resurrection day that whereon ye did dispute
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
And, because you are a more numerous people than some other people, be not like her who unravelleth the thread which she had strongly spun, by taking your oaths with mutual perfidy. God is making trial of you in this: and in the day of resurrection he will assuredly clear up to you that concerning which ye are now at variance
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
And be not like unto her who undoeth that which she hath spun, untwisting it after she hath twisted it strongly; taking your oaths between you deceitfully, because one party is more numerous than another party. Verily God only tempteth you therein; and He will make that manifest unto you, on the day of resurrection, concerning which ye now disagree
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Mos u bëni si ajo gruaja që e prish tjerrën e saj pasi ta ketë penjëzuar fort, duke i përdorur betimet tuaja për të mashtruar njëri-tjetrin, që një grup të jetë më i madh se tjetri! Në të vërtetë, Allahu me këtë ju vë në sprovë, ndërsa në Ditën e Kijametit do t'ju bëjë të qartë çdo gjë për të cilën kundërshtoheshit.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
আর তোমরা (অঙ্গীকার ভঙ্গের ব্যাপারে) সে (নির্বোধ) নারীর মত হয়ো না, যে তার পাকানো সূতো শক্ত করে পাকানোর পর পাক খুলে (আগের ন্যায় বানিয়ে) নষ্ট করে দেয়। তোমরা তোমাদের ওপর অঙ্গীকারকে নিজেদের মধ্যে প্রতারণা হিসেবে গ্রহণ করছ (এই উদ্দেশ্যে) যে, একদল অপর দলের চেয়ে বেশী লাভবান হয়। আসলে আল্লাহ তো এর মাধ্যমে তোমাদের পরীক্ষা করেন। আর নিশ্চয়ই তিনি তোমাদের জন্য কিয়ামতের দিনে স্পষ্টভাবে বর্ণনা করে দিবেন সেসব বিষয়, যা নিয়ে তোমরা (দুনিয়াতে) মতবিরোধ করতে।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
I ne budite kao ona koja bi svoju pređu rasprela kad bi je već bila čvrsto oprela, i ne služite se zakletvama svojim da biste jedni druge prevarili samo zato što je jedno pleme mnogobrojnije od drugog. Allah vas time samo iskušava, a na Sudnjem danu će vam, doista, objasniti ono oko čega ste se razilazili.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
I ne budite kao ona koja bi svoju pređu rasprela kad bi je već bila čvrsto oprela, i ne služite se zakletvama svojim da biste jedni druge prevarili samo zato što je jedno pleme mnogobrojnije od drugog. Allah vas time samo iskušava, a na Sudnjem danu će vam, doista, objasniti ono oko čega ste se razilazili.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Wota on ngon wano (debbo) pirtunooɗo mottawol mun ɓaawo doole firtude, hoɗon njogitora gooɗndooje mon ɗeen jamfondiro hakkunde mon, nde mofte [mon ɗen] wonata ɓurde tonaade e dii mofte goo. ngandee Alla no jarribora on ɗuum. ma o ɓanngina- na on ñande darngal, ɗuu ko luutondiratnoɗon e mum.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
და (თქვენი აღთქმების დარღვევით) ნუ იქნებით იმ (გონებაშეზღუდულ) ქალივით, რომელმაც დაშალა [გახსნა] თავისი ძაფი მას შემდეგ, რაც ის მტკიცე ქსოვილად იყო შეკრული. აქცევდით რა თქვენს ფიცებს მოტყუებად ერთმანეთშორის, (როდესაც) ერთი ჯგუფი უფრო მრავალრიცხოვანია ვიდრე მეორე [როდესაც ეყრდნობიან თავიანთ სიმრავლეს]. ალლაჰი მხოლოდ გამოგცდით ამით [ბრძანებით, რომ დაიცვათ აღთქმები], და აუცილებლად განგიმარტავთ თქვენ აღდგომის დღეს იმას, რაზეც თქვენ სხვადასხვაგვარად ფიქრობდით.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Und seid nicht wie jene, die ihr Garn, nachdem es fest gesponnen war, wieder in aufgelöste Strähnen bricht, indem ihr eure Eide untereinander als Mittel des Betrugs nehmt, weil eine Gemeinschaft zahlreicher ist als eine andere Gemeinschaft. Wahrlich, Allah prüft euch damit nur, und Er wird euch am Tag der Auferstehung ganz gewiss das deutlich machen, worüber ihr uneinig zu sein pflegtet.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
(Μην αθετήσετε τους όρκους σας για να) μην είστε σαν εκείνη (τη γυναίκα με ελαφρύ μυαλό στη Μάκκα) που ξέπλεκε την ύφανσή της σε κλωστές αφού την είχε πλέξει γερά. Παίρνετε τους όρκους σας ως μέσο εξαπάτησης μεταξύ σας, (και τους αθετείτε) όταν βλέπετε ένα έθνος (ή μία ομάδα) πιο μεγάλη σε αριθμό (και δύναμη) από το άλλο έθνος (που του δώσατε όρκο για συμμαχία κλπ.). Πράγματι, ο Αλλάχ σας δοκιμάζει μ' αυτό (αν θα εκπληρώσετε τους όρκους ή όχι), και πράγματι, την Ημέρα της Ανάστασης, θα διασαφηνίσει σε σας αυτά στα οποία διαφωνούσατε μεταξύ σας.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
और उस स्त्री की तरह न बन जाओ, जिसने अपना सूत मज़बूत कातने के बाद उधेड़ दिया। तुम अपनी क़समों को परस्पर धोखा देने का माध्यम बनाते हो, ताकि एक समुदाय दूसरे समुदाय से अधिक हो जाए। अल्लाह इसके[41] द्वारा तुम्हारी परीक्षा लेता है। और निश्चय क़ियामत के दिन वह तुम्हारे लिए उसे अवश्य स्पष्ट कर देगा, जिसमें तुम मतभेद किया करते थे।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
E non siate come quella che sfilava la sua lana dalla cocca, dopo averla filata accuratamente: prendete i vostri giuramenti come un inganno, per far prevalere una comunità su un’altra! In verità Allāh vi mette, con questo, alla prova, e vi chiarisce, nel Giorno del Giudizio, riguardo ciò su cui siete discordi.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
92. Ir nebūkite kaip ta, kuri išvynioja siūlą, kurį ji suverpė, po to, kai jis tapo stiprus, duodami priesaikas kaip apgaulę tarp savęs, tam kad tauta nebūtų gausesnė nei kita tauta. Allahas tik išbando jus tuo [t. y. tuos, kurie paklūsta Allahui ir pildo Allaho Sutartį, bei tuos, kurie nepaklūsta Allahui ir nutraukia Allaho Sutartį]. Ir Prikėlimo Dieną, Jis be abejonės išaiškins tai, dėl ko jūs ginčijotės [t. y. tikintysis išpažįsta ir tiki Allaho Vienumą ir Pranašo Muchammedo ﷺ Pranašavimą, kai netikintysis tai neigia ir tai yra jų skirtumas šio pasaulio gyvenime].
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
И не будьте подобны той, которая распустила свою пряжу на отдельные нити после того, как крепко спряла её: вы делаете свои клятвы средством обмана между собой из-за того, что одна община многочисленнее другой. Воистину, Аллах лишь испытывает вас этим, и непременно разъяснит вам в День воскресения то, в чём вы пребывали в разногласиях.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
И не будите као она која би своју плетеницу распрела кад би је већ била чврсто уплела, и не служите се заклетвама својим да бисте једни друге преварили само зато што је једно племе многобројније од другог. Аллах вас тиме само искушава, а на Судњем дану ће вам, заиста, објаснити оно око чега сте се разилазили.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Wala msiwe kama mwanamke yule aliyeufumua uzi wake baada ya kwishausokota ukawa mgumu. Mnavifanya viapo vyenu kuwa ni njia ya kudanganyana baina yenu kwa kuwa ati umma mmoja una nguvu zaidi kuliko mwingine? Hakika Mwenyezi Mungu anawajaribu kwa njia hiyo. Na bila ya shaka atawabainishia Siku ya Kiyama yale mliyokuwa mkihitilafiana ndani yake.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Var inte som kvinnan som repar upp det starka garn hon har spunnit, för att bedra varandra [genom att bryta ederna] när ni ser att en grupp har mer [rikedom] än en annan. Gud sätter er på prov med detta! Och han ska sannerligen klargöra för er på uppståndelsens dag det ni brukade tvista om.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Bir topluluğun diğer bir topluluktan daha çok olmasından dolayı yeminlerinizi hile aracı yaparak ipliğini sağlamca büktükten sonra söküp bozan kadın gibi olmayın. Allah, bununla sizi ancak imtihan eder. Hakkında ayrılığa düştüğünüz şeyleri kıyamet günü size elbette açıklayacaktır.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
اور اس عورت کی طرح نہ ہو جاؤ جس نے اپنا سوت مضبوط کاتنے کے بعد ٹکڑے ٹکڑے کرکے توڑ ڈاﻻ[1] ، کہ تم اپنی قسموں کو آپس کے مکر کا باعﺚ ٹھراؤ[2]، اس لیے کہ ایک گروه دوسرے گروه سے بڑھا چڑھا ہوجائے[3]۔ بات صرف یہی ہے کہ اس عہد سے اللہ تمہیں آزما رہا ہے۔ یقیناً اللہ تعالیٰ تمہارے لیے قیامت کے دن ہر اس چیز کو کھول کر بیان کر دے گا جس میں تم اختلاف کر رہے تھے.
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 God commands justice, and goodness, and generosity towards relatives. And He forbids immorality, and injustice, and oppression. He advises you, so that you may take heed.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Lo! Allah enjoineth justice and kindness, and giving to kinsfolk, and forbiddeth lewdness and abomination and wickedness. He exhorteth you in order that ye may take heed
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Verily, God bids you do justice and good, and give to kindred (their due), and He forbids you to sin, and do wrong, and oppress; He admonishes you, haply ye may be mindful
John Medows Rodwell1861 Verily, God enjoineth justice and the doing of good and gifts to kindred, and he forbiddeth wickedness and wrong and oppression. He warneth you that haply ye may be mindful
George Sale1734 Verily God commandeth justice, and the doing of good, and the giving unto kindred what shall be necessary; and He forbiddeth wickedness, and iniquity, and oppression: He admonisheth you that ye may remember
Talal Itani2012 Fulfill God's covenant when you make a covenant, and do not break your oaths after ratifying them. You have made God your guarantor, and God knows what you do.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Fulfil the covenant of Allah when ye have covenanted, and break not your oaths after the asseveration of them, and after ye have made Allah surety over you. Lo! Allah knoweth what ye do
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Fulfill God's covenant when ye have covenanted, and break not your oaths after asseverating them, for ye thereby make God your surety; verily, God knows what ye do
John Medows Rodwell1861 Be faithful in the covenant of God when ye have covenanted, and break not your oaths after ye have pledged them: for now have ye made God to stand surety for you. Verily, God hath knowledge of what ye do
George Sale1734 Perform your covenant with God, when ye enter into covenant with Him; and violate not your oaths, after the ratification thereof; since ye have made God a witness over you. Verily God knoweth that which ye do
Easy-read (simplified)walaw shaa'a llaahu laja'alakum ummatan waahidatan walaakin yudillu man yashaa'u wayahdee man yashaa'u walatus'alunna 'ammaa kuntum ta'maloon
DIN 31635walaw šāʾa llāhu laǧaʿalakum ʾummatan wāḥidatan walākin yuḍillu man yašāʾu wayahdī man yašāʾu walatusʾalunna ʿammā kuntum taʿmalūna
Talal Itani2012 Had God willed, He would have made you one congregation, but He leaves astray whom He wills, and He guides whom He wills. And you will surely be questioned about what you used to do.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Had Allah willed He could have made you (all) one nation, but He sendeth whom He will astray and guideth whom He will, and ye will indeed be asked of what ye used to do
Edward Henry Palmer1880 But had God pleased He would have made you one nation; but He leads astray whom He will, and guides whom He will;- but ye shall be questioned as to that which ye have done
John Medows Rodwell1861 Had God pleased, He could have made you one people: but He causeth whom He will to err, and whom He will He guideth: and ye shall assuredly be called to account for your doings
George Sale1734 If God had pleased, He would surely have made you one people: But He will lead into error whom He pleaseth, and He will direct whom He pleaseth; and ye shall surely give an account of that which ye have done
Talal Itani2012 And do not use your oaths to deceive one another, so that a foot may not slip after being firm, and you taste misery because you hindered from God's path, and incur a terrible torment.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Make not your oaths a deceit between you, lest a foot should slip after being firmly planted and ye should taste evil forasmuch as ye debarred (men) from the way of Allah, and yours should be an awful doom
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Take not therefore your oaths for mutual intrigue, lest a foot slip after being planted firmly, and ye taste of evil for that ye turned folks off the path of God, and for you there be mighty woe
John Medows Rodwell1861 Therefore take not your oaths with mutual fraud, lest your foot slip after it hath been firmly fixed, and ye taste of evil because ye have turned others aside from the way of God, and great be your punishment
George Sale1734 Therefore take not your oaths between you deceitfully, lest your foot slip, after it hath been stedfastly fixed, and ye taste evil in this life, for that ye have turned aside from the way of God; and ye suffer a grievous punishment in the life to come
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.60 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.67
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.67
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.64
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.63
Talal Itani · George Sale0.60
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.59
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.59
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.58
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.54
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.49
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.