Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
We said to you that your Lord encompasses humanity. We did not make the vision We showed you, except as a test for the people, and the tree cursed in the Quran. We frighten them, but that only increases their defiance.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
And (it was a warning) when we told thee: Lo! thy Lord encompasseth mankind, and We appointed the sight which We showed thee as an ordeal for mankind, and (likewise) the Accursed Tree in the Qur'an. We warn them, but it increaseth them in naughtsavegrossimpiety
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
And when we said to thee, 'Verily, thy Lord encompasses men!' and we made the vision which we showed thee only a cause of sedition unto men, and the cursed tree as well; for we will frighten them, but it will only increase them in greatrebellion
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
And remember when we said to thee, Verily, thy Lord is round about mankind; we ordained the vision which we shewed thee, and likewise the cursed tree of the Koran, only for men to dispute of; we will strike them with terror; but it shall only increase in them enormouswickedness
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Remember when We said unto thee, verily thy Lord encompasseth men by his knowledge and power. We have appointed the vision which We shewed thee, and also the tree cursed in the Koran, only for an occasion of dispute unto men, and to strike them with terror; but it shall cause them to transgress only the more enormously
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Kujto kur të thamë: "Zoti yt i përfshin të gjithë njerëzit (me fuqinë e Tij)." Pamjen që ta treguam ty e bëmë vetëm si sprovë për njerëzit, e edhe pemën e mallkuar (të përmendur) në Kuran. Ne i frikësojmë ata, por kjo vetëm ua shton atyre mosbindjen.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
আর (হে রাসূল!) স্মরণ করো, যখন আমি তোমাকে বলেছিলাম: ‘নিশ্চয় তোমার রব মানুষকে (তাঁর শক্তি ও ক্ষমতা দিয়ে) ঘিরে রেখেছেন। আর (ইসরা-মি’রাজের রাতে) যে ‘দৃশ্য’ আমি তোমাকে দেখিয়েছি তা এবং আলকুরআনে বর্ণিত অভিশপ্ত (যাক্কুম) বৃক্ষ কেবল মানুষের পরীক্ষাস্বরূপ নির্ধারণ করেছি।’ আমি তাদের ভয় দেখাই; কিন্তু তা কেবল তাদের চরম অবাধ্যতা (কুফরিকেই) বাড়িয়ে দেয়।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
I kada smo ti rekli: “Sve ljude Gospodar tvoj, zaista, obuhvata! A prizor koji smo ti pokazali i drvo prokleto, u Kur’anu spomenuto, iskušenje su za ljude. Mi ih zastrašujemo, ali to samo njihovu osionost pojačava.”
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
I kada smo ti rekli: “Sve ljude Gospodar tvoj, zaista, obuhvata! A prizor koji smo ti pokazali i drvo prokleto, u Kuranu spomenuto, iskušenje su za ljude. Mi ih zastrašujemo, ali to samo njihovu osionost pojačava.”
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
[Janto] Tuma nde min wi'anno maa: "Pellet, Joomi maa o huɓindima yimɓe ɓe, Min mbaɗiraani nde yi'annde nde Min kollumaa si wonaa fitina wona'de yimɓe ɓe e lekki huɗaaki ki ka Alqur'aana, Miɗen kulɓina ɓe kono ɓeydataa ɓe si wonaa bewre mawnde.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
და აჰა [ გაიხსენე ო, შუამავალო], როგორც გითხარით შენ: «ჭეშმარიტად, შენი ღმერთი გარემოიცავს ხალხს [თავისი ცოდნითა და ძლევამოსილებით], და სიზმარიც, [რომელიც გიჩვენეთ სასწაულების ხილვა], მხოლოდ ხალხის გამოსაცდელად დავადგინეთ, და ხეც, დაწყევლილი ყურანში, ჩვენ დავაშინებთ (შევაგონებთ) მათ, იმათ კი არაფერი
ემატებათ, გარდა დიდი ურჩობისა.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Und (gedenke,) als Wir zu dir sagten: „Wahrlich, dein Herr umfasst die Menschen.“ Und Wir haben das Traumgesicht, das Wir dich sehen ließen, nur zu einer Versuchung für die Menschen gemacht, und (ebenso) den verfluchten Baum im Quran. Und Wir flößen ihnen Furcht ein, doch mehrt ihnen dies nur das Übermaß an Auflehnung.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
(Ανάφερε, ω, Προφήτη) όταν σου είπαμε: «Πράγματι, ο Κύριός σου περικλείει όλους τους ανθρώπους (με τη γνώση και τη δύναμή Του, και εμποδίζει το κακό τους από εσένα, γι' αυτό διάδοσε αυτό που διατάχθηκες).» Δεν κάναμε ό,τι είδες (από τα Σημάδιά Μας) που σου δείξαμε (κατά το νυχτερινό ταξίδι -Αλ-Ισρά’- από τη Μάκκα προς το Ιερουσαλήμ και το αντίστροφο) παρά μόνο ως δοκιμασία για τους ανθρώπους (και έτσι, τα πίστεψαν οι πιστοί και τα διέψευσαν οι άπιστοι λέγοντας: «πώς έκανε τέτοιο ταξίδι σε μόνο μία νύχτα;»). Καθώς και (ως δοκιμασία) το καταραμένο δέντρο (Αζ-Ζακούμ που φυτρώνει στο βάθος της Κόλασης) που αναφέρεται στο Κορ’άν (το οποίο διέψευσαν οι άπιστοι λέγοντας: «πώς φυτρώνει ένα δέντρο στη Φωτιά;»). Τους εκφοβίζουμε (για την τιμωρία Μας και ότι η τροφή τους θα είναι οι καρποί εκείνου του δέντρου), αλλά δεν τους αυξάνει αυτό παρά μόνο σε μεγάλη αδικία (απιστία και πλάνη, και χλεύασαν τους καρπούς εκείνου του δέντρου ότι θα είναι χουρμάδες και βούτυρο).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
और (ऐ नबी! याद करें) जब हमने आपसे कहा : निःसंदेह आपके पालनहार ने लोगों को घेरे में ले रखा है। और हमने (मेराज की रात) आपको जो कुछ दिखाया[36], उसे लोगों के लिए एक आज़माइश बना दिया[37], और उस वृक्ष को भी (आज़माइश बना दिया) जिसे क़ुरआन में शापित ठहराया गया है। और हम उन्हें डराते हैं, किंतु यह (डराना) उनकी बड़ी सरकशी ही को बढ़ाता है।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
E quando ti abbiamo detto che in verità il tuo Dio ha circondato gli uomini. E non abbiamo fatto, di quella visione che ti mostrammo, altro che una prova di fede per la gente – così come la «Pianta Maledetta»[67] nel Corano – e li facciamo temere, ma ciò non fa altro che aumentare la loro grande prepotenza.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
60. Ir (prisiminkite), kai Mes sakėme jums: „Iš tiesų, jūsų Viešpats apsupo žmoniją (t. y. jie yra Jo Gniaužtuose).“ Ir Mes nepadarėme vizijos, kurią rodėme tau (Muchammedai ﷺ, kaip tikrą liudijimą akimis ir ne kaip sapną Al-Isra naktį), kaip tik išbandymu žmonijai ir (panašiai) bjauraus medžio (Zakum, paminėto) Korane. Mes perspėjame ir priverčiame juos bijoti, tačiau tai tik padidina jų nieko vertą didį netikėjimą, engimą ir nepaklusnumą Allahui.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8
Afaan Oromoo · Oromo
Yeroo “Gooftaan kee ilma namaatti marseera (hundinu qabaa isaa jala jira)” siin jenne (yaadadhu). Arginsa kee ishee (halkan Israa’aafii mi'iraajaa) si argisiifne san, namoota ittiin mokkoruuf qofa malee waan biraatiif hin goone. Mukattii Qur’aana keessatti abaaramtes (mokkoroof malee hin goone). Nuti isaan sodaachifna; inni jallinna guddaa malee waan biraa isaaniif hin dabalu. [10]
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Вот Мы сказали тебе: «Воистину, твой Господь объемлет людей». И видение, которое Мы показали тебе, и дерево, проклятое в Коране, Мы сделали не иначе как искушением для людей. Мы устрашаем их, но это лишь приумножает их великое бесчинство.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
И казали смо ти: “Сви су људи у власти твога Господара!” А сан који смо ти дали да усниш и дрво уклето, у Кур’ану споменуто, искушење су за људе. Ми их застрашујемо, али њима то само повећава ионако велику охолост.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Na tulipokwambia: Hakika Mola wako Mlezi amekwishawazingira hao watu. Na hatukuifanya ndoto tuliyokuonyesha isipokuwa ni kuwajaribu watu, na mti uliolaaniwa katika Qur-ani. Na tunawahofisha, lakini haiwazidishii isipokuwa uasi mkubwa.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Minns när vi sa till dig: ”Din Herre omsluter alla människor [med sin makt].” Vi lät dig endast bevittna vad du såg [under den nattliga resan], liksom det onda trädet [som står beskrivet] i Koranen, som en prövning för människorna. Vi [gör det för att] skrämma dem, men deras trotsighet blir bara större.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Hani sana: "Muhakkak Rabbin insanları çepeçevre kuşatmıştır" demiştik. Sana gösterdiğimiz rüyayı ve Kur'an'da lanetlenmiş ağacı ancak insanlar için bir imtihan kıldık. Biz onları korkutuyoruz ama bu onlarda büyük bir azgınlıktan başka bir şeyi artırmıyor.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
اور یاد کرو جب کہ ہم نے آپ سے فرما دیا کہ آپ کے رب نے لوگوں کو گھیر لیا[1] ہے۔ جو رویا (عینی رؤیت) ہم نے آپ کو دکھائی تھی وه لوگوں کے لئے صاف آزمائش ہی تھی اور اسی طرح وه درخت بھی جس سے قرآن میں اﻇہار نفرت کیا گیا ہے[2]۔ ہم انہیں ڈرا رہے ہیں لیکن یہ انہیں اور بڑی سرکشی میں بڑھا رہا ہے.[3]
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Easy-read (simplified)wa'in min qaryatin illaa nahnu muhlikoohaa qabla yawmi l-qiyaamati aw mu'adhdhiboohaa 'adhaaban shadeedan kaana dhaalika fee l-kitaabi mastooraa
DIN 31635waʾin min qaryatin ʾillā naḥnu muhlikūhā qabla yawmi l-qiyāmati ʾaw muʿaḏḏibūhā ʿaḏāban šadīdan kāna ḏālika fī l-kitābi masṭūran
Talal Itani2012 There is no city but We will destroy before the Day of Resurrection, or punish it with a severe punishment. This is inscribed in the Book.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 There is not a township but We shall destroy it ere the Day of Resurrection, or punish it with dire punishment. That is set forth in the Book (of Our decrees)
Edward Henry Palmer1880 There is no city but we will destroy it before the day of judgment, or torment it with keen torment;- that is in the Book inscribed
John Medows Rodwell1861 There is no city which we will not destroy before the day of Resurrection, or chastise it with a grievous chastisement. This is written in the Book
George Sale1734 There is no city but We will destroy the same before the day of resurrection, or We will punish it with a grievous punishment. This is written in the book of our eternal decrees
Talal Itani2012 Nothing prevents Us from sending miraculous signs, except that the ancients called them lies. We gave Thamood the she-camel, a visible sign, but they mistreated her. We do not send the signs except to instill reverence.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Naught hindereth Us from sending portents save that the folk of old denied them. And We gave Thamud the she-camel - a clear portent save to warn
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Naught hindered us from sending thee with signs, save that those of yore said they were lies; so we gave Thamud the visible she-camel, but they treated her unjustly! for we do not send (any one) with signs save to make men fear
John Medows Rodwell1861 Nothing hindered us from sending thee with the power of working miracles, except that the peoples of old treated them as lies. We gave to Themoud the she-camel before their very eyes, yet they maltreated her! We send not a prophet with miracles but to strike terror
George Sale1734 Nothing hindered us from sending thee with miracles, except that the former nations have charged them with imposture. We gave unto the tribe of Thamud, at their demand, the she-camel visible to their sight; yet they dealt unjustly with her: And We send not a prophet with miracles, but to strike terror
DIN 31635waʾiḏ qulnā lilmalāʾikati sǧudū liʾādama fasaǧadū ʾillā ʾiblīsa qāla ʾaʾasǧudu liman ḫalaqta ṭīnan
Talal Itani2012 When We said to the angels, "Bow down before Adam," they bowed down, except for Satan. He said, "Shall I bow down before someone You created from mud?"
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And when We said unto the angels: Fall down prostrate before Adam and they fell prostrate all save Iblis, he said: Shall I fall prostrate before that which Thou hast created of clay
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And when we said to the angels, ' Adore Adam;' and they adored, save Iblis, who said, ' Am I to adore one whom Thou hast created out of clay
John Medows Rodwell1861 And when we said to the Angels, "Prostrate yourselves before Adam:" and they all prostrated them, save Eblis. "What!" said he, "shall I bow me before him whom thou hast created of clay
George Sale1734 And remember when We said unto the angels, worship Adam; and they all worshipped him except Eblis, who said, shall I worship him whom Thou hast created of clay
Talal Itani2012 He said, "Do You see this one whom You have honored more than me? If You reprieve me until the Day of Resurrection, I will bring his descendants under my sway, except for a few."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 He said: Seest Thou this (creature) whom Thou hast honoured above me, if Thou give me grace until the Day of Resurrection I verily will seize his seed, save but a few
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Said he, 'Dost thou see now? this one whom Thou hast honoured above me, verily, if Thou shouldst respite me until the resurrection day, I will of a surety utterly destroy his seed except a few
John Medows Rodwell1861 Seest thou this man whom thou hast honoured above me? Verily, if thou respite me till the day of Resurrection, I will destroy his offspring, except a few
George Sale1734 And he said, what thinkest thou, as to this man whom thou hast honoured above me? Verily, if thou grant me respite until the day of resurrection, I will extirpate his off-spring, except a few
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.68 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.79
Talal Itani · George Sale0.78
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.76
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.73
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.73
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.70
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.63
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.61
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.57
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.45
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.