Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
There shall be no compulsion in religion; the right way has become distinct from the wrong way. Whoever renouncesevil and believes in God has grasped the most trustworthy handle; which does not break. God is Hearing and Knowing.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
There is no compulsion in religion. The right direction is henceforth distinct from error. And he who rejecteth false deities and believeth in Allah hath grasped a firm handhold which will never break. Allah is Hearer, Knower
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
There is no compulsion in religion; the right way has been distinguished from the wrong, and whoso disbelieves in Taghut and believes in God, he has got hold of the firm handle in which is no breaking off; but God both hears and knows
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Let there be no compulsion in Religion. Now is the right way made distinct from error. Whoever therefore shall deny Thagout and believe in God - he will have taken hold on a strong handle that shall not be broken: and God is He who Heareth, Knoweth
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Let there be no violence in religion. Now is right direction manifestly distinguished from deceit: Whoever therefore shall deny Tagut(false gods), and believe in God, he shall surelytake hold on a strong handle, which shall not be broken; God is he who heareth and seeth
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
S'ka detyrim në fe[25], meqë tashmë është dalluar e drejta nga e shtrembra. Ai që mohon tagutin (çdo gjë që adhurohet pos Allahut) dhe e beson Allahun, është kapur për lidhjen më të fortë, e cila nuk këputet. Allahu është Gjithëdëgjues, i Gjithëdijshëm.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
দীন গ্রহণের ব্যাপারে কোনো জোর-জবরদস্তি নেই। ভ্রান্ত পথ থেকে সত্য-সঠিক পথ সুস্পষ্ট হয়ে গেছে। অতএব, যে তাগূতকে(৭৮) অস্বীকার করবে ও আল্লাহর উপর ঈমান আনবে, সে এমন এক শক্তিশালী রশি ধরলো, যা কখনো ছিঁড়ে যাবে না। আর আল্লাহ সর্বশ্রোতা ও সর্বজ্ঞানী।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Nema prisile u vjeru, Pravi put se jasno razlikuje od zablude! Onaj ko ne vjeruje u tagute, a vjeruje u Allaha, drži se za najčvršću vezu, koja se neće prekinuti. A Allah je Onaj Koji sve čuje i Onaj Koji sve zna.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Nema prisile u vjeru, Pravi put se jasno razlikuje od zablude! Onaj tko ne vjeruje u lažna božanstva, a vjeruje u Allaha, drži se za najčvršću vezu, koja se neće prekinuti. A Allah je Onaj Koji sve čuje i Onaj Koji sve zna.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Doolugol (waawnere) alaa ka diina. Goongɗii peewal ngal ɓanngii immorde e majjere nden. Kala yedduɗo bewreeru ndun o goongɗini Alla, haray o jogitike ɓoggi finnde hoolaare ɗin, firtagol alanaa ɗi. Alla ko nanoowo annduɗo.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
არ არის იძულება სარწმუნოებაში (ისლამში). უკვე მკაფიოდ გამოეყო ჭეშმარიტი გზა (ისლამი) ცდომილებას (და ურწმუნოებას). ვინც უარყოფს ცრუ ღმერთს (ყველაფერს, რასაც ალლაჰის გარდა ეთაყვანებიან) და ირწმუნებს ალლაჰს, იგი მართლაც ჩაეჭიდა უმტკიცეს კავშირს, რომელსაც არ აქვს გაწყვეტა. და ალლაჰი ყოვლისმსმენი, ყოვლისმცოდნეა.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Es gibt keinen Zwang im Glauben. (Der Weg der) Besonnenheit hat sich nun klar unterschieden von (dem Weg der) Verirrung. Wer also den Taghut (also die falschen Gottheiten) verleugnet und an Allah glaubt, der hält sich an der festesten Handhabe, bei der es kein Zerreißen gibt. Und Allah ist (all)hörend und (all)wissend.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Δεν υπάρχει καταναγκασμός (σε κανέναν για να μπει) στη θρησκεία (το Ισλάμ). Πράγματι, η αλήθεια (και η καθοδήγηση) ξεχώρισε φανερά από την πλάνη (και την απιστία). Όποιος απορρίπτει τα Ατ-Ταγκούτ (ο,τιδήποτε λατρεύεται εκτός του Αλλάχ, όπως τα είδωλα, τους ψεύτικους θεούς, τους κακούς τυράννους κλπ.) και πιστεύει μόνο στον Αλλάχ, έχει πιάσει την ισχυρότερη αιτία (της σωτηρίας κατά την Ημέρα της Ανάστασης), που δεν κόβεται ποτέ• Και ο Αλλάχ είναι Σαμεί‘ (Αυτός που ακούει τα πάντα) και ‘Αλείμ (Παντογνώστης).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
धर्म के मामले में कोई ज़ोर-ज़बरदस्ती नहीं। निःसंदेह सन्मार्ग, पथभ्रष्टता से स्पष्ट हो चुका है। अतः जो कोई ताग़ूत (अल्लाह के सिवा अन्य पूज्यों) का इनकार करे और अल्लाह पर ईमान लाए, तो निश्चय उसने मज़बूत कड़े को थाम लिया, जिसे किसी भी तरह टूटना नहीं। तथा अल्लाह सब कुछ सुनने वाला, सब कुछ जानने वाला है।[172]
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
Non c’è obbligo nella fede! La Retta Via è distinta dalla perdizione: chi rifiuta l’idolatria e crede in Allāh, si è aggrappato alla sponda più salda, che non può cedere, e Allāh è Ascoltatore, Sapiente.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
256. Nėra prievartos tikėjime. Iš tiesų, Tiesus kelias tapo aiškiu nuo klaidingo kelio. Kas netiki Taghūt [37] ir tiki Allahą, tai jis nusitvėrė pačios patikimiausios rankos, kuri niekada nepalūš. Ir Allahas yra Visa Girdintis, Visa Žinantis.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Нет принуждения в религии — уже ясно отличился прямой путь от заблуждения. Кто отверг тагута[21] и уверовал в Аллаха, тот крепко держится за прочнейшую связь, которая не разорвётся. Аллах — слышащий, знающий.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
„Нема присиле у веру, Прави пут се јасно разликује од заблуде! Онај ко не верује у лажна божанства а верује у Аллаха, држи се за најчвршћу везу, која неће да се прекине. А Аллах све чује и све зна.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Hakuna kulazimisha katika Dini. Kwani uongofu umekwishapambanuka kutokana na upotovu. Kwa hivyo, anayemkufuru Taaghuut na akamwamini Mwenyezi Mungu, basi bila ya shaka amekamata kishikio madhubuti, kisichovunjika. Na Mwenyezi Mungu ni Mwenye kusikia mno, Mwenye kujua vyema.[1]
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Det ska inte finnas något tvång i [att acceptera] tron. Rätt väg har nu klart skilts från villfarelse. Den som förkastar de falska gudarna och tror på Gud har sannerligen gripit det fastaste fästet som aldrig ger vika. Gud hör allt, vet allt.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Dinde zorlama yoktur. Hak yol, bâtıl yoldan ayrılmıştır. Kim tâğûtu inkâr eder, Allah'a iman ederse, kopması mümkün olmayan en sağlam kulpa tutunmuş olur. Allah, hakkıyla işiten ve hakkıyla bilendir.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
دین کے بارے میں کوئی زبردستی نہیں، ہدایت ضلالت سے روشن ہوچکی ہے[1] ، اس لئے جو شخص اللہ تعالیٰ کے سوا دوسرے معبودوں کا انکار کرکے اللہ تعالیٰ پر ایمان ﻻئے اس نے مضبوط کڑے کو تھام لیا، جو کبھی نہ ٹوٹے گا اور اللہ تعالیٰ سننے واﻻ، جاننے واﻻ ہے۔
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 O you who believe! Spend from what We have given you, before a Day comes in which there is neither trading, nor friendship, nor intercession. The disbelievers are the wrongdoers.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 O ye who believe! spend of that wherewith We have provided you ere a day come when there will be no trafficking, nor friendship, nor intercession. The disbelievers, they are the wrong-doers
Edward Henry Palmer1880 O ye who believe! expend in alms of what we have bestowed upon you, before the day comes in which is no barter, and no friendship, and no intercession; and the misbelievers, they are the unjust
John Medows Rodwell1861 O Believers! give alms of that with which we have supplied you, before the day cometh when there shall be no trafficking, nor friendship, nor intercession. And the infidels are the wrong-doers
George Sale1734 O true believers, give alms of that which we have bestowed on you, before the day cometh wherein there shall be no merchandizing, nor friendship, nor intercession. The infidels are unjust doers
Talal Itani2012 God! There is no god except He, the Living, the Everlasting. Neither slumber overtakes Him, nor sleep. To Him belongs everything in the heavens and everything on earth. Who is he that can intercede with Him except with His permission? He knows what is before them, and what is behind them; and they cannot grasp any of His knowledge, except as He wills. His Throne extends over the heavens and the earth, and their preservation does not burden Him. He is the Most High, the Great.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Allah! There is no deity save Him, the Alive, the Eternal. Neither slumber nor sleep overtaketh Him. Unto Him belongeth whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth. Who is he that intercedeth with Him save by His leave? He knoweth that which is in front of them and that which is behind them, while they encompass nothing of His knowledge save what He will. His throne includeth the heavens and the earth, and He is never weary of preserving them. He is the Sublime, the Tremendous
Edward Henry Palmer1880 God, there is no god but He, the living, the self-subsistent. Slumber takes Him not, nor sleep. His is what is in the heavens and what is in the earth. Who is it that intercedes with Him save by His permission? He knows what is before them and what behind them, and they comprehend not aught of His knowledge but of what He pleases. His throne extends over the heavens and the earth, and it tires Him not to guard them both, for He is high and grand
John Medows Rodwell1861 God! There is no God but He; the Living, the Eternal; Nor slumber seizeth Him, nor sleep; His, whatsoever is in the Heavens and whatsoever is in the Earth! Who is he that can intercede with Him but by His own permission? He knoweth what hath been before them and what shall be after them; yet nought of His knowledge shall they grasp, save what He willeth. His Throne reacheth over the Heavens and the Earth, and the upholding of both burdeneth Him not; and He is the High, the Great
George Sale1734 God! There is no God but he; the living, the self-subsisting: Neither slumber nor sleep seizeth him; to him belongeth whatsoever is in heaven, and on earth. Who is he that can intercede with him, but through his good pleasure? He knoweth that which is past, and that which is to come unto them, and they shall not comprehend any thing of his knowledge, but so far as he pleaseth. His throne is extended over heaven and earth, and the preservation of both is no burden unto him. He is the high, the mighty
DIN 31635allāhu waliyyu llaḏīna ʾāmanū yuḫriǧuhum mina ẓ-ẓulumāti ʾilā n-nūri wallaḏīna kafarū ʾawliyāʾuhumu ṭ-ṭāġūtu yuḫriǧūnahum mina n-nūri ʾilā ẓ-ẓulumāti ʾūlāʾika ʾaṣḥābu n-nāri hum fīhā ḫālidūna
Talal Itani2012 God is the Lord of those who believe; He brings them out of darkness and into light. As for those who disbelieve, their lords are the evil ones; they bring them out of light and into darkness-these are the inmates of the Fire, in which they will abide forever.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Allah is the Protecting Guardian of those who believe. He bringeth them out of darkness into light. As for those who disbelieve, their patrons are false deities. They bring them out of light into darkness. Such are rightful owners of the Fire. They will abide therein
Edward Henry Palmer1880 God is the patron of those who believe, He brings them forth from darkness into light. But those who misbelieve, their patrons are Taghut, these bring them forth from light to darkness,- fellows of the Fire, they dwell therein for aye
John Medows Rodwell1861 God is the patron of believers: He shall bring them out of darkness into light: As to those who believe not, their patrons are Thagout: they shall bring them out of light into darkness: they shall be given over to the fire: they shall abide therein for ever
George Sale1734 God is the patron of those who believe; he shall lead them out of darkness into light: But as to those who believe not, their patrons are Tagut(false gods); they shall lead them from the light into darkness; they shall be the companions of hell fire, they shall remain therein for ever
Talal Itani2012 Have you not considered him who argued with Abraham about his Lord, because God had given him sovereignty? Abraham said, "My Lord is He who gives life and causes death." He said, "I give life and cause death." Abraham said, "God brings the sun from the East, so bring it from the West," so the blasphemer was confounded. God does not guide the wrongdoing people.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Bethink thee of him who had an argument with Abraham about his Lord, because Allah had given him the kingdom; how, when Abraham said: My Lord is He Who giveth life and causeth death, he answered: I give life and cause death. Abraham said: Lo! Allah causeth the sun to rise in the East, so do thou cause it to come up from the West. Thus was the disbeliever abashed. And Allah guideth not wrongdoing folk
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Do you not look at him who disputed with Abraham about his Lord, that God had given him the kingdom? When Abraham said, 'My Lord is He who giveth life and death,' he said, 'I give life and death.' Abraham said, 'But verily, God brings the sun from the east, do thou then bring it from the west?' And he who misbelieved was dumbfounded, for God does not guide unjust folk
John Medows Rodwell1861 Hast thou not thought on him who disputed with Abraham about his Lord, because God had given him the kingdom? When Abraham said, "My Lord is He who maketh alive and cause to die:" He said, "It is I who make alive and cause to die!" Abraham said, "Since God bringeth the sun from the East, do thou, then, bring it from the West." The infidel was confounded; for God guideth not the evil doers
George Sale1734 Hast thou not considered him who disputed with Abraham concerning his Lord, because God had given him the kingdom? When Abraham said, my Lord is he who giveth life, and killeth: He answered, I give life, and I kill. Abraham said, verily God bringeth the sun from the east, now do thou bring it from the west. Whereupon the infidel was confounded; for God directeth not the ungoldly people
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.69 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.76
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.75
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.75
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.74
Talal Itani · George Sale0.73
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.72
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.71
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.66
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.65
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.47
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
Sources, editions and licences for everything above
ReceiptsSource fact
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.