Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
And give good news to those who believe and do righteousdeeds; that they will have gardens beneath which rivers flow. Whenever they are provided with fruit therefrom as sustenance, they will say, "This is what we were provided with before," and they will be given the like of it. And they will have pure spouses therein, and they will abide therein forever.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
And give glad tidings (OMuhammad) unto those who believe and do good works; that theirs are Gardens underneath which rivers flow; as often as they are regaled with food of the fruit thereof, they say: this is what was given us aforetime; and it is given to them in resemblance. There for them are pure companions; there for ever they abide
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
But bear the glad tidings to those who believe and work righteousness, that for them are gardens beneath which rivers flow; whenever they are provided with fruit therefrom they say, 'This is what we were provided with before,' and they shall be provided with the like; and there are pure wives for them therein, and they shall dwell therein for aye
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
But announce to those who believe and do the things that are right, that for them are gardens 'neath which the rivers flow! So oft as they are fed therefrom with fruit for sustenance, they shall say, "This same was our sustenance of old:" And they shall have its like given to them. Therein shall they have wives of perfectpurity, and therein shall they abide for ever
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
But bear good tidings unto those who believe, and do good works, that they shall have gardens watered by rivers; so often as they eat of the fruit thereof for sustenance, they shall say, this is what we have formerlyeaten of; and they shall be supplied with severalsorts of fruit having a mutual resemblance to one another. There shall they enjoy wives subject to no impurity, and there shall they continue for ever
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Ndërkaq, ata që besojnë dhe bëjnë vepra të mira, përgëzoji me kopshte të Xhenetit, nëpër të cilat rrjedhin lumenjtë. Sa herë që u shërbehet aty ndonjë frutë për të ngrënë, ata thonë: "Këto i kemi ngrënë edhe më parë." Atyre do t'u jepen fruta të ngjashme (në pamje), për ta do të ketë bashkëshorte të dëlira dhe aty do të qëndrojnë përgjithmonë.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
আর যারা ঈমান এনেছে এবং সৎ কাজ করেছে, (হে নবী,) তুমি তাদেরকে সুসংবাদ দাও যে, তাদের জন্যে রয়েছে জান্নাতসমূহ, যার নিম্নদেশে নদ-নদী প্রবাহিত। যখনই তাদেরকে সেখানে ফলফলাদি জীবিকা হিসেবে দেয়া হবে তখনই তারা বলবে, ‘এ ধরনের ফলই ইতঃপূর্বে আমাদেরকে জীবিকা হিসেবে দেওয়া হয়েছিলো। আর তাদেরকে দুনিয়ার ফলের সাদৃশ্যপূর্ণ ফলফলাদিই দেয়া হবে। সেখানে তাদের জন্যে রয়েছে পবিত্র সঙ্গিনী এবং সেখানে তারা চিরস্থায়ী হবে ।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
A obraduj one koji vjeruju i dobra djela čine da njima pripadaju džennetske bašče kroz koje rijeke teku! Kad god budu opskrbljeni kakvim plodom, reći će: "Ovim smo i prije bili opskrbljeni!" A bit će im davani samo njima slični! U njima će oni supruge očišćene imati i oni će u njima vječno boraviti.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
A obraduj one koji vjeruju i dobra djela čine da njima pripadaju rajski vrtovi kroz koje rijeke teku! Kad god budu opskrbljeni kakvim plodom, reći će: "Ovim smo i prije bili opskrbljeni!" A bit će im davani samo njima slični! U njima će oni supruge očišćene imati i oni će u njima vječno boraviti.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Weltin ɓeen goongɗinɓe ɓe ngolli moƴƴe wonde eɓe keɓa aljannaaji caalli na ndonga les majji kala nde ɓe njeɗaa toon ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe ɓe mbi'a ko ɗee min njeɗanoo ko adii, ɓe totteeɗe he nanndal, eɓe keɓa toon rewɓe laaɓɓe ɓe ñiiɓida toon.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
და ახარე (ო, მოციქულო) მათ, რომელთაც ირწმუნეს და კეთილი საქმეები აკეთეს, რომ მათთვის იქნება ბაღები (სამოთხის), რომელთა ქვეშ მდინარეები მიედინებიან. ყოველ ჯერზე, როცა მათ [სამოთხის მკვიდრთ] იქიდან [ამ ბაღებიდან] რომელიმე (გემრიელი) ნაყოფით გამოკვებავენ, ისინი იტყვიან: «ეს არის ის, რითაც ჩვენ აქამდე ვიკვებებოდით», მაგრამ მათ მიეცემათ მხოლოდ მისი მსგავსი [წინა ნაყოფისა]. და მათთვის იქ ეყოლებათ წმინდა მეუღლეები, და ისინი იქ მარადიულად დარჩებიან.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Und verkünde denen, die glauben und rechtschaffene Werke tun, (die frohe Botschaft,) dass ihnen Gärten zuteil werden, unter denen Bäche fließen. Jedes Mal, wenn sie mit einer Frucht daraus versorgt werden, sagen sie: „Das ist ja das, womit wir zuvor versorgt wurden.“ Jedoch ist ihnen (nur) eine ihr ähnliche gegeben worden. Und sie haben darin (vollkommen) gereinigte Gattinnen, und ewig werden sie darin verweilen.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Και ανάγγειλε τα ευχάριστα νέα σ' αυτούς που πιστεύουν και κάνουν ενάρετες πράξεις, ότι γι' αυτούς θα υπάρχουν κήποι (στον Παράδεισο) κάτω από τους οποίους (δηλ. κάτω από τα παλάτια και τα δέντρα τους) ρέουν ποτάμια. Κάθε φορά που θα τους παρέχεται ένας καρπός από εκεί, θα λένε: «Αυτός (ο καρπός) είναι που μας είχε δοθεί στο παρελθόν (κατά την εγκόσμια ζωή).» Θα τους δίνεται ίδιος (καρπός με τον καρπό της εγκόσμιας ζωής, ίδιος στη μορφή και στο όνομα, μα διαφορετικός στη γεύση), και θα έχουν εκεί αγνές συζύγους, και θα κατοικήσουν εκεί για πάντα.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
और (ऐ नबी!) उन लोगों को शुभ सूचना दे दो, जो ईमान लाए तथा उन्होंने अच्छे काम किए कि निःसंदेह उनके लिए ऐसे स्वर्ग हैं, जिनके नीचे से नहरें बहती हैं। जब कभी उनमें से कोई फल उन्हें खाने के लिए दिया जाएगा, तो कहेंगे : यह तो वही है, जो इससे पहले हमें दिया गया था, तथा उन्हें एक-दूसरे से मिलता-जुलता फल दिया जाएगा तथा उनके लिए उनमें पवित्र पत्नियाँ होंगी और वे उनमें हमेशा रहने वाले हैं।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
E porta il Buon Annuncio a quelli che hanno creduto e hanno fatto il bene; in verità per loro c’è il Paradiso, sotto cui scorrono fiumi. Ogni volta che facevano uso dei frutti come sussistenza, dicevano: “Questo è ciò che abbiamo ottenuto come ricompensa”, e ne hanno avute di simili. E avranno spose pure e lì resteranno per l’eternità.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
25. Ir praneškite gerą žinią tiems, kurie tiki ir daro gerus darbus, - jiems bus Sodai, po kuriais teka upės (Rojus). Kaskart, kai jiems bus duotas vaisius iš ten, jie sakys: „Tai mums buvo duota prieš tai.“ Jiems bus duoti panašūs dalykai (t. y. tokios pačios formos kaip žemėje, bet kitokio skonio), ir jie turės ten Azvadžun Mutahara [5] (tyrus partnerius arba žmonas) ir jie gyvens ten amžinai.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Обрадуй же тех, которые уверовали и совершали праведные деяния, [вестью о том,] что для них — сады, внизу которых текут реки. Всякий раз, когда им подаётся оттуда удел из плодов в пропитание, они говорят: «Это то, чем мы были наделены прежде». Но им даётся нечто внешне подобное. Для них там — очищенные супруги, и в них они пребудут вечно.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
А обрадуј оне који верују и добра дела чине да њима припадају рајске баште кроз које реке теку! Кад год буду опскрбљени каквим плодом, рећи ће: "Овим смо и пре били опскрбљени!" А биће им давани плодови само њима слични! У њима ће они супруге очишћене имати и у њима ће вечно боравити.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Na wabashirie walioamini na wakatenda mema kwamba watapata mabustani yapitayo mito chini yake; kila watakapopewa matunda humo, watasema: 'Haya ndiyo kama tuliyopewa mbele.' Na wataletewa matunda yaliyofanana; na humo watakuwa na wake waliotakaswa; na wao humo watadumu.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Och ge de som tror och handlar rättfärdigt det glada budskapet att för dem väntar trädgårdar, genom vilka floder rinner. Varje gång de förses med en frukt därifrån säger de: ”Det här liknar det som vi tidigare fått”. De kommer att förses med något som påminner om det, och deras hustrur ska vara med dem, renade från orenlighet. Där ska de förbli.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
İman eden ve salih amel işleyen kimselere, içinden ırmaklar akan cennetler olduğunu müjdele! Ne zaman oradaki meyvelerden rızıklandırılsalar: "Bu, daha önce de rızıklandığımız şey" diyecekler. O meyveler kendilerine (dünyadakilerin) bir benzeri olarak verilecektir ve orada onlar için tertemiz eşler de vardır ve onlar orada ebedî kalacaklardır.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
اور ایمان والوں اور نیک عمل کرنے والوں کو[1] ان جنتوں کی خوشخبریاں دو، جن کےنیچے نہریں بہہ رہی ہیں۔ جب کبھی وه پھلوں کا رزق دیئے جائیں گے اور ہم شکل ﻻئے جائیں گے تو کہیں گے یہ وہی ہے جو ہم اس سے پہلے دیئے گئے تھے[2] اور ان کے لئے بیویاں ہیں صاف[3] ستھری اور وه ان جنتوں میں ہمیشہ رہنے والے ہیں۔[4]
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Easy-read (simplified)wa'in kuntum fee raybin mimmaa nazzalnaa 'alaa 'abdinaa fa'too bisooratin min mithlihi wad'oo shuhadaa'akum min dooni llaahi in kuntum saadiqeen
DIN 31635waʾin kuntum fī raybin mimmā nazzalnā ʿalā ʿabdinā faʾtū bisūratin min miṯlihi wadʿū šuhadāʾakum min dūni llāhi ʾin kuntum ṣādiqīna
Talal Itani2012 And if you are in doubt about what We have revealed to Our servant, then produce a chapter like these, and call your witnesses apart from God, if you are truthful.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And if ye are in doubt concerning that which We reveal unto Our slave (Muhammad), then produce a surah of the like thereof, and call your witness beside Allah if ye are truthful
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And if ye are in doubt of what we have revealed unto our servant, then bring a chapter like it, and call your witnesses other than God if ye tell truth
John Medows Rodwell1861 And if ye be in doubt as to that which we have sent down to our servant, then produce a Sura like it, and summon your witnesses, beside God, if ye are men of truth
George Sale1734 If ye be in doubt concerning that revelation which We have sent down unto our servant, produce a chapter like unto it, and call upon your witnesses, besides God, if ye say truth
Talal Itani2012 But if you do not-and you will not-then beware the Fire whose fuel is people and stones, prepared for the disbelievers.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And if ye do it not - and ye can never do it - then guard yourselves against the Fire prepared for disbelievers, whose fuel is of men and stones
Edward Henry Palmer1880 But if ye do it not, and ye shall surely do it not, then fear the fire whose fuel is men and stones, prepared for misbelievers
John Medows Rodwell1861 But if ye do it not, and never shall ye do it, then fear the fire prepared for the infidels, whose fuel is men and stones
George Sale1734 But if ye do it not, nor shall ever be able to do it; justly fear the fire whose fewel is men and stones, prepared for the unbeliebers
Talal Itani2012 God does not shy away from making an example of a gnat, or something above it. As for those who believe, they know that it is the Truth from their Lord. But as for those who disbelieve, they say, "What did God intend by this example?" He leads astray many thereby, and He guides many thereby; but He misleads thereby only the evildoers.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Lo! Allah disdaineth not to coin the similitude even of a gnat. Those who believe know that it is the truth from their Lord; but those who disbelieve say: What doth Allah wish (to teach) by such a similitude? He misleadeth many thereby, and He guideth many thereby; and He misleadeth thereby only miscreants
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Why, God is not ashamed to set forth a parable of a gnat, or anything beyond; and as for those who believe, they know that it is truth from the Lord; but as for those who disbelieve, they say, 'What is it that God means by this as a parable? He leads astray many and He guides many;' - but He leads astray only the evildoers
John Medows Rodwell1861 Verily God is not ashamed to set forth as well the instance of a gnat as of any nobler object: for as to those who have believed, they know it to be the truth from their Lord; but as to the unbelievers, they will say, "What meaneth God by this comparison?" Many will He mislead by such parables and many guide: but none will He mislead thereby except the wicked
George Sale1734 Moreover God will not be ashamed to propound in a parable a gnat, or even a more despicable thing; for they who believe will know it to be the truth from their Lord; but the unbelievers will say, What meaneth God by this parable? He will thereby mislead many, and will direct many thereby: but He will not mislead any thereby, except the transgressors
Talal Itani2012 Those who violate God's covenant after its confirmation, and sever what God has commanded to be joined, and commit evil on earth. These are the losers.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Those who break the covenant of Allah after ratifying it, and sever that which Allah ordered to be joined, and (who) make mischief in the earth: Those are they who are the losers
Edward Henry Palmer1880 who break God's covenant after the fixing thereof, and cut asunder what God has ordered to be joined, and do evil in the earth;- these it is who lose
John Medows Rodwell1861 Who, after its establishment, violate the covenant of God, and cut in sunder what God hath bidden to be joined, and act disorderly on the Earth. These are they who shall suffer loss
George Sale1734 who make void the covenant of God after the establishing thereof, and cut in sunder that which God hath commanded to be joined, and act corruptly in the earth; they shall perish
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.63 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · George Sale0.69
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.68
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.68
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.66
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.64
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.63
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.62
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.59
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.59
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.52
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.