Easy-read (simplified)alam tara anna llaaha yuzjee sahaaban thumma yu'allifu baynahu thumma yaj'aluhu rukaaman fataraa l-wadqa yakhruju min khilaalihi wayunazzilu mina s-samaa'i min jibaalin feehaa min baradin fayuseebu bihi man yashaa'u wayasrifuhu 'an man yashaa'u yakaadu sanaa barqihi yadhhabu bil-'absaar
DIN 31635ʾalam tara ʾanna llāha yuzǧī saḥāban ṯumma yuʾallifu baynahu ṯumma yaǧʿaluhu rukāman fatarā l-wadqa yaḫruǧu min ḫilālihi wayunazzilu mina s-samāʾi min ǧibālin fīhā min baradin fayuṣību bihi man yašāʾu wayaṣrifuhu ʿan man yašāʾu yakādu sanā barqihi yaḏhabu bil-ʾabṣāri
Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
Have you not seen how God propels the clouds, then brings them together, then piles them into a heap, and you see rain dropsemerging from its midst? How He brings down loads of hail from the sky, striking with it whomever He wills, and diverting it from whomever He wills? The flash of its lighteningalmost snatches the sight away.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
Hast thou not seen how Allahwafteth the clouds, then gathereth them, then maketh them layers, and thou seest the rain come forth from between them; He sendeth down from the heaven mountains wherein is hail, and smiteth therewith whom He will, and averteth it from whom He will. The flashing of His lightning all but snatcheth away the sight
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
Hast thou not seen that God drives the clouds, and then re-unites them, and then accumulates them, and thou mayest see the rain coming forth from their midst; and He sends down from the sky mountains with hail therein, and He makes it fall on whom He pleases, and He turns it from whom He pleases; the flashing of His lightning well-nighgoes off with their sight
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Hast thou not seen that God driveth clouds lightly forward, then gathereth them together, then pileth them in masses? And then thou seest the rain forthcoming from their midst; and He causeth clouds like mountains charged with hail, to descend from the heaven, and He maketh it to fall on whom He will, and from whom He will He turneth it aside. - The brightness of His lightning all but taketh away the sight
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Dost thou not see that God gently driveth forward the clouds, and gathereth them together, and then layeth them on heaps? Thou also seest the rain, which falleth from the midst thereof; and God sendeth down from heaven as it were mountains, wherein there is hail; He striketh therewith whom He pleaseth, and turneth the same away from whom He pleaseth: The brightness of his lightning wanteth but little of taking away the sight
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
A nuk e sheh se si Allahu i bën retë të lëvizin lehtë, pastaj i mbledh ato e i bën grumbull dhe më pas sheh shiun sesi del prej tyre?! Ai lëshon nga qielli, prej reve të mëdha si malet, breshër me të cilin godet atë që do dhe e shmang prej atij që do. Shkëlqimi i vetëtimës veç sa s't'i merr sytë.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
(হে রাসূল!) তুমি কি দেখনি যে, আল্লাহই মেঘমালাকে পরিচালিত করেন, তারপর তিনি সেগুলোকে একত্রে জুড়ে দেন, তারপর সেগুলোকে স্তূপীকৃত করেন, তারপর একসময় তুমি দেখতে পাও তার মধ্য থেকে বৃষ্টি বের হয়। আর তিনি আকাশের বিশাল পাহাড়ের ন্যায় ঘন মেঘমালা থেকে শিলা বর্ষণ করেন। তারপর তা দ্বারা যাকে ইচ্ছা আঘাত করেন। আর যার কাছ থেকে ইচ্ছা তা সরিয়ে দেন। মেঘমালার বিদ্যুতের ঝলক এমন দৃষ্টিশক্তি প্রায় কেড়ে নেয়।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Zar ne vidiš da Allah razgoni oblake, i onda ih spaja i jedne nad drugima gomila, pa ti vidiš kišu kako iz njih pada. On s neba, iz oblaka veličine brda, spušta grad, pa njime koga hoće pogodi, a koga hoće poštedi – blijesak munje Njegove gotovo da oduzme vid.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Zar ne vidiš da Allah razgoni oblake, i onda ih spaja i jedne nad drugima gomila, pa ti vidiš kišu kako iz njih pada. On s neba, iz oblaka veličine brda, spušta grad, pa njime koga hoće pogodi, a koga hoće poštedi – blijesak munje Njegove gotovo da oduzme vid.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Enee, a nji'aani won'dema Alla homo sogga duulere, refti o hawtindira nde, refti o waɗa nde fawondirnde haɗa yi'a toɓo ngon no yalta e ndeer mayre, ngo jippoo immorde ka kammu, immorde e pelle no e ndeer mayre marmalle homo heewtina ɗe on mo o Muuyi, homo pottina ɗe on mo o muuyi? Ndaneeri maƴe mayre no do'a naɓde giiɗe ɗen.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
ნუთუ ვერ ხედავ [ო, შუამავალო], რომ [მხოლოდ] ალლაჰი გადაადგილებს ღრუბლებს და შემდგომ აკავშირებს მათ, მერე ქმნის ამას საწვიმარ ღრუბლად და ხედავ, თავსხმა გადმოდის მისი ნაპრალებიდან. და გარდმოავლენს ციდან მთების მსგავს ღრუბლებიდან სეტყვას. თავს დაატეხს მას, ვისაც ინებებს, და აარიდებს იმას, ვისაც ინებებს. მისმა ელვარებამ ლამისაა მზერა დააბრმავოს.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Hast du denn nicht gesehen, dass Allah die Wolken leitet, sie hierauf zusammenfügt und dann zu einem Haufen macht? Hierauf siehst du den Platzregen dazwischen herauskommen. Und Er sendet vom Himmel (Wolken-)Berge herab, mit Hagel darin. So trifft Er damit, wen Er will, und wendet ihn ab, von wem Er will. Das Aufleuchten Seines Blitzes nimmt beinahe das Augenlicht.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Δε βλέπεις (ω, Προφήτη) ότι ο Αλλάχ καθοδηγεί (με την εντολή Του) τα (μικρά νέα) σύννεφα (όπου θέλει), έπειτα τα συγκεντρώνει και τα κάνει ένα σωρό, και έτσι βλέπεις τη βροχή να βγαίνει από μέσα τους, και (ότι) στέλνει από τον ουρανό χαλάζι σαν τα βουνά (στην ποσότητα), το οποίο στέλνει σε όποιον θέλει και το απομακρύνει από όποιον θέλει; Παραλίγο η λάμψη του κεραυνού τους (των συννέφων) να τύφλωνε τις οράσεις!
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
क्या आपने नहीं देखा कि अल्लाह बादल को चलाता है। फिर उसे परस्पर मिलाता है। फिर उसे तह-ब-तह कर देता है। फिर आप बारिश को देखते हैं कि उसके बीच से निकल रही है। और वह आकाश से उसमें (मौजूद) पर्वतों जैसे बादलों से ओले बरसाता है। फिर जिसपर चाहता है, उन्हें गिराता है और जिससे चाहता है, उन्हें फेर देता है। निकट है कि उसकी बिजली की चमक आँखों को ले जाए।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
Non vedi che Allāh accompagna le nubi, poi le riunisce, poi ne fa un cumulo, poi vedi il lampo sprigionarsi dal loro cumulo, e che fa precipitare dal cielo le montagne di ghiaccio, con cui colpisce chi vuole e salva chi vuole, e lo splendore del suo lampo che fa quasi accecare?
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
43. Argi nematai, kad Allahas švelniai varo debesis, tada sujungia juos kartu, tada padaro juos krūva sluoksnių, ir tu matai, kaip lietus ištrykšta iš tarp jų. Ir Jis nuleidžia iš dangaus krušą (kaip) kalnus, (arba yra danguje krušos kalnai, iš kurių Jis nuleidžia krušą) ir suduoda ja tam, kam Jis nori, ir atitraukia jį nuo to, ko Jis nori. Ryškus jų (debesų) žaibų blyksniai beveik apakina žvilgsnį.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8
Afaan Oromoo · Oromo
Sila ati hingarree Allaahn duumessa oofee, ergasii gidduu isaa walitti qabee, ergasii tuulamaa isa taasisa, Sana booda rooba gidduu isaatii kan ba’u argita. Akkasumas samii irraa gaara ishee keessatti ta’e kan cabbii irraa ta’erraa (cabbii) buuseeti, nama fedheen isaan tuqa, nama fedhe irraas isa deebisa. Ifti hangaasuu isaa ija balleessutti dhihaata.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Разве ты не видишь, что Аллах гонит тучи, затем соединяет их, затем нагромождает их, и ты видишь дождь, который выходит из их промежутков? И Он низводит с неба град из гор, в которых [есть] град, и поражает им, кого пожелает, и отводит его от кого пожелает. Блеск же Его молнии вот-вот ослепит взоры.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Зар не видиш да Аллах полако покреће облаке, а онда их спаја и једне над другима гомила, па ти видиш кишу како из њих пада: Он с неба, из облака величине брда, спушта град, па њиме кога хоће погоди, а кога хоће поштеди – блесак муње Његове готово да одузме вид.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Je, huoni ya kwamba Mwenyezi Mungu huyasukuma mawingu, kisha huyaambatisha, kisha huyafanya mirundi? Basi utaona mvua ikitoka kati yake. Na huteremsha kutoka juu kwenye milima ya mawingu mvua ya mawe, akamsibu nayo amtakaye na akamuepusha nayo amtakaye. Hukurubia mmetuko wa umeme wake kupofua macho.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Ser du inte hur Gud driver molnen framåt och sedan sammanför dem, varefter han staplar dem på varandra tills regnet strömmar från dess mitt? Och från [moln stora som] berg i skyn sänder han hagel som han låter träffa vem han vill och som han avvärjer från vem han vill. Skenet från hans blixtar är nära att beröva folk deras syn.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Görmüyor musun ki Allah bulutları sürüyor, sonra onları bir araya getirip üst üste yığıyor? İşte o zaman aralarından yağmurun çıktığını görürsün. Gökten, içinde dolu bulunan dağlar gibi bulutlar indirir de, bu doluyu dilediğine isabet ettirir ve dilediğinden de uzak tutar. Şimşeğin parıltısı ise neredeyse gözleri alır.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
کیا آپ نے نہیں دیکھا کہ اللہ تعالیٰ بادلوں کو چلاتا ہے، پھر انہیں ملاتا ہے پھر انہیں تہہ بہ تہہ کر دیتا ہے، پھر آپ دیکھتے ہیں کہ ان کے درمیان میں سے مینہ برستا ہے۔ وہی آسمان کی جانب سے اولوں کے پہاڑ میں سے اولے برساتا ہے[1] ، پھر جنہیں چاہے ان کے پاس انہیں برسائے اور جن سے چاہے ان سے انہیں ہٹا دے[2]۔ بادل ہی سے نکلنے والی بجلی کی چمک ایسی ہوتی ہے کہ گویا اب آنکھوں کی روشنی لے چلی.[3]
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Easy-read (simplified)alam tara anna llaaha yusabbihu lahu man fee s-samaawaati wal-'ardi wat-tayru saaffaatin kullun qad 'alima salaatahu watasbeehahu wallaahu 'aleemun bimaa yaf'aloon
DIN 31635ʾalam tara ʾanna llāha yusabbiḥu lahu man fī s-samāwāti wal-ʾarḍi waṭ-ṭayru ṣāffātin kullun qad ʿalima ṣalātahu watasbīḥahu wallāhu ʿalīmun bimā yafʿalūna
Talal Itani2012 Do you not realize that God is glorified by whatever is in the heavens and the earth, and even by the birds in formation? Each knows its prayer and its manner of praise. God knows well what they do.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Hast thou not seen that Allah, He it is Whom all who are in the heavens and the earth praise, and the birds in their flight? Of each He knoweth verily the worship and the praise; and Allah is Aware of what they do
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Hast thou not seen that God,- all who are in the heavens and the earth celebrate His praises, and the birds too spreading out their wings; each one knows its prayer and its praise, and God knows what they do
John Medows Rodwell1861 Hast thou not seen how all in the Heavens and in the Earth uttereth the praise of God? - the very birds as they spread their wings? Every creature knoweth its prayer and its praise! and God knoweth what they do
George Sale1734 Dost thou not perceive that all creatures both in heaven and earth praise God; and the birds also, extending their wings? Every one knoweth his prayer, and his praise: And God knoweth that which they do
Easy-read (simplified)wallaahu khalaqa kulla daabbatin min maa'in faminhum man yamshee 'alaa batnihi waminhum man yamshee 'alaa rijlayni waminhum man yamshee 'alaa arba'in yakhluqu llaahu maa yashaa'u inna llaaha 'alaa kulli shay'in qadeer
DIN 31635wallāhu ḫalaqa kulla dābbatin min māʾin faminhum man yamšī ʿalā baṭnihi waminhum man yamšī ʿalā riǧlayni waminhum man yamšī ʿalā ʾarbaʿin yaḫluqu llāhu mā yašāʾu ʾinna llāha ʿalā kulli šayʾin qadīrun
The translators word this verse differently
Talal Itani2012 God created every living creature from water. Some of them crawl on their bellies, and some walk on two feet, and others walk on four. God creates whatever He wills. God is Capable of everything.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Allah hath created every animal of water. Of them is (a kind) that goeth upon its belly and (a kind) that goeth upon two legs and (a kind) that goeth upon four. Allah createth what He will. Lo! Allah is Able to do all things
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And God created every beast from water, and of them is one that walks upon its belly, and of them one that walks upon two feet, and of them one that walks upon four. God creates what He pleases; verily, God is mighty over all
John Medows Rodwell1861 And God hath created every animal of water. Some go upon the belly; some go upon two feet; some go upon four feet. God hath created what He pleased. Aye, God hath power over all things
George Sale1734 And God hath created every animal of water; one of them goeth on his belly, and another of them walketh upon two feet, and another of them walketh upon four feet: God createth that which he pleaseth; for God is almighty
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.67 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · George Sale0.76
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.76
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.75
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.71
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.69
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.66
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.62
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.61
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.59
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.57
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.