Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
No person to whom God has given the Scripture, and wisdom, and prophethood would ever say to the people, "Be my worshipers rather than God's." Rather, "Be people of the Lord, according to the Scripture you teach, and the teachings you learn."
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
It is not (possible) for any human being unto whom Allah had given the Scripture and wisdom and the prophethood that he should afterwards have said unto mankind: Be slaves of me instead of Allah; but (what he said was): Be ye faithful servants of the Lord by virtue of your constant teaching of the Scripture and of your constantstudy thereof
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
It is not right for a man that God should give him a Book, and judgment, and prophecy, and that then he should say to men, 'Be ye servants of mine rather than of God;' but be ye rather masters of teaching the Book and of what ye learn
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
It beseemeth not a man, that God should give him the Scriptures and the Wisdom, and the gift of prophecy, and that then he should say to his followers, "Be ye worshippers of me, as well as of God;" but rather, "Be ye perfect in thingspertaining to God, since ye know the Scriptures, and have studieddeep
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
It is not fit for a man, that God should give him a book of revelations, and wisdom, and prophecy; and then he should say unto men, be ye worshippers of me, besides God; but he ought to say, be ye perfect in knowledge and in works, since ye know the scriptures, and exercise your selves therein
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Nuk është e mundur që një njeri, pasi Allahu t'ia japë Librin, urtësinë dhe pejgamberinë, t'u thotë njerëzve: "Bëhuni robër të mi, e jo të Allahut", por (ai thotë): "Bëhuni dijetarë të mirëfilltë, sepse ju ua keni mësuar të tjerëve Librin dhe e keni mësuar edhe vetë atë."
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
এটা কোনো ব্যক্তির জন্যে সংগত নয় যে, আল্লাহ তাকে কিতাব, হিকমত ও নবুওয়াত দান করবেন, অতঃপর তিনি মানুষকে বলবেন: ‘তোমরা আল্লাহর পরিবর্তে আমার দাস হয়ে যাও’। বরং তিনি বলবেন: ‘তোমরা আল্লাহভক্ত হয়ে যাও, যেহেতু তোমরা কিতাব শিক্ষা দাও এবং যেহেতু তোমরা তা অধ্যয়ন করো।’
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Nije primjereno čovjeku da mu Allah da Knjigu, i mudrost, i vjerovjesništvo, a zatim da govori ljudima: "Budite robovi moji, a ne Allahovi!", nego: "Budite učeni i pobožni, time što Knjizi poučavate i što je i sami proučavate!"
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Nije primjereno čovjeku da mu Allah da Knjigu, i mudrost, i vjerovjesništvo, a zatim da govori ljudima: "Budite robovi moji, a ne Allahovi!" nego: "Budite učeni i pobožni, time što Knjizi poučavate i što je i sami proučavate!"
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Laatanaaki ɓanndiŋke nde Alla Okkata mo Deftere e fahmu e Annabaaku, refti o wi'ana yimɓe ɓen: "Laatee jeyaaɓe am ko woori Alla", si ko woni: "Laatoree tutiiɓe-e-gannde-diina, ko laatinoɗon hiɗon janngina Deftere nden e ko laatiɗon hiɗon jannga"
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
არ ხდება ისე, რომ ალლაჰმა მისცეს (რომელიმე) ადამიანს წიგნი, კანონი და წინასწარმეტყველება (აირჩიოს იგი წინასწარმეტყველად), და შემდეგ მან ხალხს უთხრას: «იყავით ჩემი მონები, და არა ალლაჰის». არამედ (პირიქით) იგი ამბობდა: «იყავით უფლის ერთგული მსახურნი, რადგან თქვენ ასწავლით (ხალხს) ალლაჰის წიგნს და თავადაც სწავლობთ (მის წიგნს)».
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Es steht einem menschlichen Wesen nicht zu, dass ihm Allah die Schrift, das Urteil und das Prophetentum gibt, und er hierauf zu den Menschen sagt: „Seid Diener von mir anstatt Allahs!“ Vielmehr (wird er sagen): „Seid Leute des Herrn, da ihr das Buch zu lehren und da ihr (es) zu erlernen pflegtet.“
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Δεν είναι δυνατόν για κανέναν άνθρωπο (προφήτη) στον οποίο ο Αλλάχ έχει δώσει το Βιβλίο και τη γνώση των νόμων (της θρησκείας), και τον έχει κάνει προφήτη, έπειτα να λέει στους ανθρώπους: «Γίνετε λάτρεις για μένα αντί για τον Αλλάχ.» Αντιθέτως (θα πει): «Να είστε σοφοί λόγιοι (που διδάσκουν τη θρησκεία στους άλλους ανθρώπους), λόγω του ότι διδάσκετε το Βιβλίο, και ό,τι μελετάτε (από το Βιβλίο).»
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
किसी मनुष्य का यह अधिकार नहीं कि अल्लाह उसे पुस्तक, निर्णय शक्ति और नुबुव्वत (पैग़ंबरी) प्रदान करे, फिर वह लोगों से कहे कि अल्लाह को छोड़कर मेरे बंदे बन जाओ[41], बल्कि (वह तो यही कहेगा कि) तुम रब वाले बनो, इसलिए कि तुम पुस्तक की शिक्षा दिया करते थे और इसलिए कि तुम पढ़ा करते थे।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
Non si addice, a un uomo a cui Allāh rivela il Libro, la Saggezza e la Profezia, poi dire alla gente: «Adoratemi all’infuori di Allāh”, ma: «Siate devoti ad Allāh voi che insegnate il Libro e l’avete studiato.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
79. Tai nėra (įmanoma) jokiam žmogui, kuriam Allahas suteikė Knygą ir Al-Hukm (žinojimą ir tikėjimo įstatymų suvokimą) ir Pranašavimą, sakyti žmonėms: „Būkite mano garbintojai, o ne Allaho.“ Priešingai (jis sakytų): „Būkite jūs Rabbanyjūn (išmanantys tikėjimą žmonės, kurie praktikuoja tai, ką jie žino, ir taip pat moko kitus), nes jūs mokote Knygos ir jūs jos mokotės.“
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Не подобает человеку, чтобы Аллах даровал ему Писание, мудрость и пророчество, а затем он сказал бы людям: «Будьте моими рабами [поклоняющимися мне] помимо Аллаха». Но [он говорит]: «Будьте преданными Господу, ибо вы обучали Писанию и изучали его».
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Није примерено човеку да му Аллах да Књигу, и мудрост, и веровесништво, а затим да говори људима: „Мене обожавајте, а не Аллаха!“ Него: „Будите учени и побожни, зато што Књизи подучавате и што је и сами проучавате!"
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Haikumfailia mtu yeyote kwamba Mwenyezi Mungu ampe Kitabu na hekima na Unabii, kisha awaambie watu: 'Kuweni wa kuniabudu mimi badala ya Mwenyezi Mungu.' Bali atawaambia: 'Kuweni wenye kumuabudu Mola Mlezi wa viumbe vyote, kwa kuwa nyinyi mnafundisha Kitabu na kwa kuwa mnakisoma.'
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Det är otänkbart att en människa som Gud har skänkt skriften, visdomen och profetskapet därefter skulle säga till människorna: ”Dyrka mig i stället för Gud!” Nej, snarare: ”Var lärda som fostrar andra, eftersom ni undervisar i skriften och studerar den.”
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Allah'ın, kendisine kitabı, hükmü ve peygamberliği verdiği bir insana (peygambere), “Allah'ı bırakıp bana ibadet edin” demek yaraşmaz. Lakin (her peygamber), “Öğrettiğiniz ve okuduğunuz kitap gereğince Rabbanî insanlar olunuz” der
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
کسی ایسے انسان کو جسے اللہ تعالیٰ کتاب وحکمت اور نبوت دے، یہ ﻻئق نہیں کہ پھر بھی وه لوگوں سے کہے کہ تم اللہ تعالیٰ کو چھوڑ کر میرے بندے بن جاؤ[1] ، بلکہ وه تو کہے گا کہ تم سب رب کے ہو جاؤ، تمہارے کتاب سکھانے کے باعﺚ اور تمہارے کتاب پڑھنے کے سبب۔[2]
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 Those who exchange the covenant of God, and their vows, for a small price, will have no share in the Hereafter, and God will not speak to them, nor will He look at them on the Day of Resurrection, nor will He purify them. They will have a painful punishment.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Lo! those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's covenant and their oaths, they have no portion in the Hereafter. Allah will neither speak to them nor look upon them on the Day of Resurrection, nor will He make them grow. Theirs will be a painful doom
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Those who sell God's covenant and their oaths for a little price, these have no portion in the future life. God will not speak to them, and will not look upon them on the resurrection day, and will not purify them; but for them is grievous woe
John Medows Rodwell1861 Verily they who barter their engagement with God, and their oaths, for some paltry price - These! no portion for them in the world to come! and God will not speak to them, and will not look on them, on the day of resurrection, and will not assoil them! for them, a grievous chastisement
George Sale1734 But they who make merchandize of God's covenant, and of their oaths, for a small price, shall have no portion in the next life, neither shall God speak to them or regard them on the day of resurrection, nor shall he cleanse them; but they shall suffer a grievous punishment
Easy-read (simplified)wa'inna minhum lafareeqan yalwoona alsinatahum bil-kitaabi litahsaboohu mina l-kitaabi wamaa huwa mina l-kitaabi wayaqooloona huwa min 'indi llaahi wamaa huwa min 'indi llaahi wayaqooloona 'alaa llaahi l-kadhiba wahum ya'lamoon
DIN 31635waʾinna minhum lafarīqan yalwūna ʾalsinatahum bil-kitābi litaḥsabūhu mina l-kitābi wamā huwa mina l-kitābi wayaqūlūna huwa min ʿindi llāhi wamā huwa min ʿindi llāhi wayaqūlūna ʿalā llāhi l-kaḏiba wahum yaʿlamūna
Talal Itani2012 And among them are those who twist the Scripture with their tongues, that you may think it from the Scripture, when it is not from the Scripture. And they say, "It is from God," when it is not from God. They tell lies and attribute them to God, knowingly.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And lo! there is a party of them who distort the Scripture with their tongues, that ye may think that what they say is from the Scripture, when it is not from the Scripture. And they say: It is from Allah, when it is not from Allah; and they speak a lie concerning Allah knowingly
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And, verily, amongst them is a sect who twist their tongues concerning the Book, that ye may reckon it to be from the Book, but it is not from the Book. They say, 'It is from God,' but it is not from God, and they tell a lie against God, the while they know
John Medows Rodwell1861 And some truly are there among them who torture the Scriptures with their tongues, in order that ye may suppose it to be from the Scripture, yet it is not from the Scripture. And they say, "This is from God;" yet it is not from God: and they utter a lie against God, and they know they do so
George Sale1734 And there are certainly some of them, who read the scriptures perversely, that ye may think what they read to be really in the scriptures, yet it is not in the scripture; and they say, this is from God; but it is not from God: And they speak that which is false concerning God, against their own knowledge
Talal Itani2012 Nor would he command you to take the angels and the prophets as lords. Would he command you to infidelity after you have submitted?
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And he commanded you not that ye should take the angels and the prophets for lords. Would he command you to disbelieve after ye had surrendered (to Allah)
Edward Henry Palmer1880 He does not bid you take the angels and the prophets for your lords; shall He bid you misbelieve again when you are once resigned
John Medows Rodwell1861 God doth not command you to take the angels or the prophets as lords. What! would he command you to become infidels after ye have been Muslims
George Sale1734 God hath not commanded you to take the angels and the prophets for your Lords: Will He command you to become infidels, after ye have been true believers
Talal Itani2012 God received the covenant of the prophets, "Inasmuch as I have given you of scripture and wisdom; should a messenger come to you verifying what you have, you shall believe in him, and support him." He said, "Do you affirm My covenant and take it upon yourselves?" They said, "We affirm it." He said, "Then bear witness, and I am with you among the witnesses."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 When Allah made (His) covenant with the prophets, (He said): Behold that which I have given you of the Scripture and knowledge. And afterward there will come unto you a messenger, confirming that which ye possess. Ye shall believe in him and ye shall help him. He said: Do ye agree, and will ye take up My burden (which I lay upon you) in this (matter)? They answered: We agree. He said: Then bear ye witness. I will be a witness with you
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And when God took the compact from the prophets '(this is) surely what we have given you of the Book and wisdom. Then shall come to you the Apostle confirming what is with you. Ye must believe in him and help him.' He said, moreover, 'Are ye resolved and have ye taken my compact on that (condition).' They say, 'We are resolved.' He said, 'Then bear witness, for I am witness with you
John Medows Rodwell1861 When God entered into covenant with the prophets, he said, "This is the Book and the Wisdom which I give you. Hereafter shall a prophet came unto you to confirm the Scriptures already with you. Ye shall surely believe on him, and ye shall surely aid him. Are ye resolved?" said he, "and do ye accept the covenant on these terms?" They said, "We are resolved;" "Be ye then the witnesses," said he, "and I will be a witness as well as you
George Sale1734 And remember when God accepted the covenant of the prophets, saying, this verily is the scripture and the wisdom which I have given you: Hereafter shall an apostle come unto you, conforming the truth of that scripture which is with you; ye shall surely believe on Him, and ye shall assist Him. God said, are ye firmly resolved, and do ye accept my covenant on this condition? They answered, we are firmly resolved: God said, be ye therefore witnesses; and I also bear witness with you
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.74 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · George Sale0.88
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.85
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.84
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.82
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.80
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.76
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.75
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.62
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.56
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.49
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.