Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
But those among them firmlyrooted in knowledge, and the believers, believe in what was revealed to you, and in what was revealed before you; and the observers of prayers, and the givers of charity, and the believers in God and the Last Day-upon these We will bestow an immense reward.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
But those of them who are firm in knowledge and the believers believe in that which is revealed unto thee, and that which was revealed before thee, especially the diligent in prayer and those who pay the poor-due, the believers in Allah and the Last Day. Upon these We shall bestow immense reward
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
But those amongst them who are firm in knowledge, and the believers who believe in what is revealed to thee, let what is revealed before thee, and the steadfast in prayer, and the givers of alms, and the believers in God and the last day,- unto these we will give a mightyhire
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
But their men of solid knowledge, and the believers who believe in that which hath been sent down to thee, and in what hath been sent down before thee, and who observe prayer, and pay the alms of obligation, and believe in God and the latter day, - these! we will give them a great reward
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
But those among them who are wellgrounded in knowledge, and the faithful, who believe in that which hath been sent down unto thee, and that which hath been sent down unto the prophets before thee, and who observe the statedtimes of prayer, and give alms, and believe in God and the last day; unto these will we give a great reward
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Ndërkaq, të thelluarit në dije nga mesi i tyre dhe besimtarët besojnë atë që të është shpallur ty dhe atë që është shpallur para teje, e falin namazin, e japin zekatin dhe e besojnë Allahun e Ditën e Fundit. Këtyre do t'u japim shpërblim madhështor.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
কিন্তু তাদের মধ্যে যারা জ্ঞানে দৃঢ় ও পরিপক্ব তারা এবং মু’মিনগণ ঈমান আনে তার ওপর, যা তোমার প্রতি নাযিল করা হয়েছে এবং যা তোমার আগে নাযিল করা হয়েছে । আর তারা সালাত কায়িমকারী , যাকাত প্রদানকারী এবং আল্লাহ ও শেষ দিবসে ঈমান আনয়নকারী। তাদেরকে অচিরেই আমি মহা পুরস্কার প্রদান করবো।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Ali oni među njima koji su u znanje duboko pronikli, i vjernici koji vjeruju u ono što se objavljuje tebi i u ono što je objavljeno prije tebe, naročito oni koji namaz obavljaju i oni koji zekat daju i u Allaha i Posljednji dan vjeruju – njima ćemo sigurno veliku nagradu dati.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Ali oni među njima koji su u znanje duboko pronikli, i vjernici koji vjeruju u ono što se objavljuje tebi i u ono što je objavljeno prije tebe, naročito oni koji molitvu obavljaju i oni koji zekat daju i u Allaha i Posljednji dan vjeruju – njima ćemo sigurno veliku nagradu dati.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Kono tutiiɓe ɓen e ganndal e maɓɓe e gooŋɗiɗinɓe ɓen, hiɓe gooŋɗini ko Jippinaa ko e maaɗa e kon ko Jippinaa ado maaɗa. E ñiiɓnooɓe juulde ɓeen, etottooɓe asakal ɓeen, e gooŋɗinɓe Alla e Ñalaande Sakkitiinde nden, ɓeen ɗoon, arma Min ngokka ɓe njoɓdi mawndi.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
მაგრამ მათგან მტკიცენი ცოდნაში — (იუდეველთა შორის ის მცოდნენი, რომლებმაც ისლამი მიიღეს) — და მორწმუნენი, რომლებიც ირწმუნებენ იმას, რაც შენზე იქნა ჩამოგზავნილი, (ო, მოციქულო), და ასევე იმას, რაც შენამდე იქნა ჩამოგზავნილი, და ისინი, რომლებიც აღასრულებენ ლოცვას, და გასცემენ სავალდებულო მოწყალებას [ზაქათს] თავიანთი ქონებიდან, და რომლებიც ირწმუნებენ ალლაჰს და უკანასკნელ დღეს, — ასეთებს ჩვენ მივანიჭებთ დიდ ჯილდოს.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Aber diejenigen unter ihnen, die im Wissen fest gegründet sind, und die Gläubigen glauben an das, was zu dir (an Offenbarung) hinabgesandt worden ist und was vor dir hinabgesandt wurde; und diejenigen, die das Gebet verrichten und die Pflichtabgabe entrichten und an Allah und den Jüngsten Tag glauben. Jenen werden Wir gewaltigen Lohn geben.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Μα αυτοί ανάμεσά τους που έχουν σταθερά θεμέλια γνώσης, και οι πιστοί, πιστεύουν σε ό,τι στάλθηκε σ’ εσένα (ω, Μωχάμμαντ) και σε ό,τι στάλθηκε πριν από σένα. Οι οποίοι τελούν την προσευχή, και δίνουν τη Ζακά (ετήσια υποχρεωτική ελεημοσύνη) και πιστεύουν στον Αλλάχ και στην Έσχατη Ημέρα, σ' αυτούς θα δώσουμε μεγάλη ανταμοιβή.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
परंतु उन (यहूदियों) में से जो लोग ज्ञान में पक्के हैं और जो ईमान वाले हैं, वे उस (क़ुरआन) पर ईमान लाते हैं जो आपपर उतारा गया और जो आपसे पहले उतारा गया, और जो विशेषकर नमाज़ क़ायम करने वाले हैं, और जो ज़कात देने वाले और अल्लाह तथा अंतिम दिन पर ईमान लाने वाले हैं। ये लोग हैं जिन्हें हम बहुत बड़ा प्रतिफल प्रदान करेंगे।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
Però i sapienti tra loro e i credenti credono in ciò che è stato fatto discendere a te e in ciò che è stato fatto discendere prima di te. E quelli che praticano la preghiera con devozione e quelli che osservano la «Zekēt», e quelli che credono in Allāh e nell’Ultimo Giorno, a loro concederemo una grande ricompensa.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
162. Tačiau tie iš jų, kurie yra išmanantys ir tikintieji, tiki tuo, kas buvo nuleista tau (Muchammedai ﷺ ) ir tuo, kas buvo nuleista iki tavęs. Ir tie, kurie atlieka As-Salat (Ikamat-as-Salat) ir duoda Zakat, ir tiki Allahą, ir Paskutiniąją Dieną, tai tie, kuriems Mes suteiksime didį atlygį.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8
Afaan Oromoo · Oromo
Garuu isaan irraa warri beekumsa gadi fagoo qabaniifi mu’umintoonni waan gara keetti bu’eefi (qur'aana) waan si dura bu’etti (tawraat, zabuur, injiil) ni amanu; warra salaata dhaaban. Warri zakaa kennaniifi, Rabbiifi Guyyaa Aakhiraattis amanan, isaan sana mindaa guddaa isaaniif kennina.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Но те из них, которые прочно утвердились в знании, и верующие, которые веруют в то, что было ниспослано тебе, и то, что было ниспослано до тебя, и выстаивающие молитву, и выплачивающие закят, и верующие в Аллаха и Последний день, — таким Мы даруем великую награду.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Али они међу њима који су у знање дубоко проникли, и верници који верују у оно што се објављује теби Мухаммеде и у оно што је објављено пре тебе, нарочито они који молитву обављају и они који обавезну милостињу дају и у Аллаха и Последњи дан верују - њима ћемо сигурно велику награду да дамо.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Lakini waliobobea katika elimu miongoni mwao, na Waumini, wanayaamini yale yaliyoteremshwa juu yako, na yale yaliyoteremshwa kabla yako. Na wanaosimamisha Sala, na wakatoa Zaka, na wanaomuamini Mwenyezi Mungu na Siku ya Mwisho, hao tutawapa malipo makubwa.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Men de bland dessa, som är fast rotade i kunskap, liksom de troende, tror på det som har uppenbarats för dig och på det som uppenbarats före dig; och de som förrättar bönen och betalar den obligatoriska allmosan och tror på Gud och den yttersta dagen – alla dessa ska vi ge en rik belöning.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Fakat onlardan ilimde derinleşip sana indirilene, senden önce indirilenlere iman eden, namazı dosdoğru kılan, zekât veren Müminlere, Allah’a ve ahiret gününe iman etmiş olanlara, işte onlara çok büyük bir mükâfat vereceğiz.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
لیکن ان میں سے جو کامل اور مضبوط علم والے ہیں اور ایمان والے ہیں[1] جو اس پر ایمان ﻻتے ہیں جو آپ کی طرف اتارا گیا اور جو آپ سے پہلے اتارا گیا اور نمازوں کو قائم رکھنے والے ہیں[2] اور زکوٰة کے ادا کرنے والے ہیں[3] اور اللہ پر اور قیامت کے دن پر ایمان رکھنے والے ہیں[4] یہ ہیں جنہیں ہم بہت بڑے اجر عطا فرمائیں گے۔
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
DIN 31635fabiẓulmin mina llaḏīna hādū ḥarramnā ʿalayhim ṭayyibātin ʾuḥillat lahum wabiṣaddihim ʿan sabīli llāhi kaṯīran
The translators word this verse differently
Talal Itani2012 Due to wrongdoing on the part of the Jews, We forbade them good things that used to be lawful for them; and for deterring many from God's path.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Because of the wrongdoing of the Jews We forbade them good things which were (before) made lawful unto them, and because of their much hindering from Allah's way
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And for the injustice of those who are Jews have we forbidden them good things which we had made lawful for them, and for their obstructing so much the way of God
John Medows Rodwell1861 For the wickedness of certain Jews, and because they turn many from the way of God, we have forbidden them goodly viands which had been before allowed them
George Sale1734 Because of the iniquity of those who judaize, we have forbidden them good things, which had been formerly allowed them; and because they shut out many from the way of God
Talal Itani2012 And for their taking usury, although they were forbidden it; and for their consuming people's wealth dishonestly. We have prepared for the faithless among them a painful torment.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And of their taking usury when they were forbidden it, and of their devouring people's wealth by false pretences, We have prepared for those of them who disbelieve a painful doom
Edward Henry Palmer1880 and for their taking usury when we had forbidden it, and for their devouring the wealth of people in vain,- but we have prepared for those of them who misbehave a grievous woe
John Medows Rodwell1861 And because they have taken usury, though they were forbidden it, and have devoured men's substance in frivolity, we have got ready for the infidels among them a grievous torment
George Sale1734 and have taken usury, which was forbidden them by the law, and devoured men's substance vainly: We have prepared for such of them as are unbelievers a painful punishment
Talal Itani2012 We have inspired you, as We had inspired Noah and the prophets after him. And We inspired Abraham, and Ishmael, and Isaac, and Jacob, and the Patriarchs, and Jesus, and Job, and Jonah, and Aaron, and Solomon. And We gave David the Psalms.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Lo! We inspire thee as We inspired Noah and the prophets after him, as We inspired Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and the tribes, and Jesus and Job and Jonah and Aaron and Solomon, and as We imparted unto David the Psalms
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Verily, we have inspired thee as we inspired Noah and the prophets after him, and as we inspired Abraham, and Ishmael, and Jacob, and the tribes, and Jesus, and Job, and Jonas, and Aaron, and Solomon; and to David did we give Psalms
John Medows Rodwell1861 Verily we have revealed to thee as we revealed to Noah and the Prophets after him, and as we revealed to Abraham, and Ismael, and Isaac, and Jacob, and the tribes, and Jesus, and Job, and Jonah, and Aaron, and Solomon; and to David gave we Psalms
George Sale1734 Verily We have revealed our will unto thee, as We have revealed it unto Noah and the prophets who succeeded him; and as we revealed it unto Abraham, and Ismael, and Isaac, and Jacob, and the tribes, and unto Jesus, and Job, and Jonas, and Aaron, and Solomon; and We have given thee the Koran, as We gave the psalms unto David
Easy-read (simplified)warusulan qad qasasnaahum 'alayka min qablu warusulan lam naqsushum 'alayka wakallama llaahu moosaa takleemaa
DIN 31635warusulan qad qaṣaṣnāhum ʿalayka min qablu warusulan lam naqṣuṣhum ʿalayka wakallama llāhu mūsā taklīman
Talal Itani2012 Some messengers We have already told you about, while some messengers We have not told you about. And God spoke to Moses directly.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And messengers We have mentioned unto thee before and messengers We have not mentioned unto thee; and Allah spake directly unto Moses
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Of apostles we have already told thee of some before; and of apostles some we have not told thee of;- But Moses did God speak to, speaking
John Medows Rodwell1861 Of some apostles we have told thee before: of other apostles we have not told thee - And discoursing did God discourse with Moses
George Sale1734 Some apostles have We sent, whom We have formerly mentioned unto thee, and other apostles have We sent, whom We have not mentioned unto thee; and God spake unto Moses, discoursing with him
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.58 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · George Sale0.68
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.67
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.64
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.60
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.58
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.57
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.55
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.54
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.54
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.41
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.