Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
O you who believe! When death approaches one of you, let two reliable persons from among you act as witnesses to the making of a bequest, or two persons from another people if you are travelling in the land and the event of death approaches you. Engage them after the prayer. If you have doubts, let them swear by God: "We will not sell our testimony for any price, even if he was a near relative, and we will not conceal God's testimony, for then we would be sinners."
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
O ye who believe! Let there be witnesses between you when death draweth nigh unto one of you, at the time of bequest - two witnesses, just men from among you, or two others from another tribe, in case ye are campaigning in the land and the calamity of death befall you. Ye shall empanel them both after the prayer, and, if ye doubt, they shall be made to swear by Allah (saying): We will not take a bribe, even though it were (on behalf of) a near kinsman nor will we hide the testimony of Allah, for then indeed we should be of the sinful
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
O ye who believe! let there be a testimony between you when any one of you is on the point of death - at the time he makes his will - two equitable persons from amongst you; or two others from some other folk, if ye be knocking about in the land, and the calamity of death befall you; ye shall shut them both up after prayer, and they shall both swear by God, if ye doubt them, (saying), 'We will not sell (our testimony) for a price, though it were to a relative, nor will we hide God's testimony, verily, then, we should be among sinners
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
O believers! let there be witnesses between you, when death draweth nigh to any of you, at the time of making the testament; two witnesses - just men from among yourselves, or two others of a different tribe from yourselves - if ye be journeying in the earth, and the calamity of death surprise you. Ye shall shut them both up, after the prayer; and if ye doubt them, they shall swear by God, "We will not take a bribe though the party be of kin to us, neither will we conceal the testimony of God, for then we should be among the wicked
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
O ye who believe! the rightevidence among you, when death comes to one of you, at the time of making a will, is of two just men from among you; or of two others not from among you, in case you be journeying in the land and the calamity of death befalls you. You shall detain them both after Prayer for givingevidence; and if you have doubt concerning their evidence, they shall both swear by God, saying, 'We will not take for this any price, even though the person affected thereby be a near relation, nor will we hide the testimony enjoined by God; surely in that case we shall be among the sinners
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
O besimtarë! Kur ndonjërit prej jush i afrohet vdekja, gjatë lënies së porosisë (testamentit), le të dëshmojnë dy njerëz të drejtë nga mesi juaj, ose dy të tjerë që nuk janë prej jush, nëse jeni në udhëtim dhe ju zë gjëma e vdekjes. Në qoftë se dyshoni, mbajini pas namazit, le të betohen në Allahun: "Nuk e shesim atë për asnjë çmim, edhe nëse bëhet fjalë për ndonjë të afërm dhe nuk e fshehim dëshminë e Allahut, sepse atëherë do të ishim vërtet gjynahqarë."
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
হে তোমরা যারা ঈমান এনেছো! যখন তোমাদের কারো কাছে মৃত্যু উপস্থিত হয়(৩১), তখন ওসিয়্যাত করার সময় তোমাদের মধ্য থেকে দু'জন ন্যায়পরায়ণ ব্যক্তিকে সাক্ষী রাখবে অথবা অন্যদের থেকে দু’জন সাক্ষী রাখবে, যদি তোমরা জমিনে সফরে থাকো, অতঃপর তোমাদেরকে মৃত্যুর বিপদ পেয়ে বসে।যদি তোমাদের সন্দেহ হয়, তবে উভয়কে সালাতের পর (সবার সামনে) অপেক্ষমাণ রাখবে। অতঃপর তারা উভয়ে আল্লাহর নামে শপথ করবে যে, ‘আমরা এর বিনিময়ে কোন মূল্য গ্রহণ করব না; যদিও সে আত্মীয় হয়। আর আল্লাহর সাক্ষ্য আমরা গোপন করব না, করলে অবশ্যই আমরা গুনাহগারদের অন্তর্ভুক্ত হব।’
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
O vi koji vjerujete, kada vam se približi smrt, prilikom davanja oporuke neka vam posvjedoče dvojica pravednih od vas, ili neka druga dvojica, koji nisu vaši – ako ste na putu, a pojave se znaci smrti. A ako posumnjate, zadržite ih poslije obavljenog namaza i neka se Allahom zakunu: "Mi zakletvu ni za kakvu cijenu nećemo prodati, makar se radilo i o kakvu rođaku i svjedočenje koje je Allah propisao nećemo uskratiti, jer bismo tada doista bili grešnici."
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
O vi koji vjerujete, kada vam se približi smrt, prilikom davanja oporuke neka vam posvjedoče dvojica pravednih od vas, ili neka druga dvojica, koji nisu vaši – ako ste na putu, a pojave se znaci smrti. A ako posumnjate, zadržite ih poslije obavljene molitve i neka se Allahom zakunu: "Mi zakletvu ni za kakvu cijenu nećemo prodati, makar se radilo i o kakvu rođaku i svjedočenje koje je Allah propisao nećemo uskratiti, jer bismo tada doista bili grešnici."
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Eeheymon yo gooŋɗinɓe ! Mbaɗee seedee hakkunde mon, si maayde nden arii goɗɗo e mon, tuma wasiyagol, [seedeeɓe] ɗiɗo nuunɗuɓe jeyaaɓe e mo'on, si tawii on yehii ka leydi masiibo maayde yanii e mon. Darnon ɓe ka batte julude, ɓe ngooɗndira Alla, si on ciikkatikm ɓe ngostotaako fii ɗuum coggu, hay si laatike joomiraawo badindiral, "min cuuɗataa seedee Alla on, minen ontuma [si min mbaɗii ɗum], haray men njeyaama e bakkondinɓe ɓe".
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
ჰეი, თქვენ, რომელთაც ირწმუნეთ! თქვენ შორის მოწმობა მაშინ, როცა რომელიმე თქვენგანს სიკვდილი მოადგება [როცა გამოჩნდება ნიშნები იმისა, რომ ადამიანი გარდაიცვლება], ანდერძის დაწერის დროს (თუ იგი მას ტოვებს), უნდა იყოს ორი სამართლიანი თქვენ შორის [მორწმუნეთაგან], ან ორი სხვა [ურწმუნო], რომლებიც თქვენგან არ არიან (საჭიროების შემთხვევაში, როცა მუსლიმი მოწმეები არ მოიძებნება), მაშინ როცა მიწაზე მოგზაურობთ [გზაში ხართ] და სიკვდილის უბედურება შეგემთხვევათ. თქვენ დააყოვნებთ ამ ორ მოწმეებს ლოცვის შემდეგ, და ისინი დაიფიცებენ ალლაჰზე, თუ თქვენ (ო, ანდერძის დამტოვებლებო) ეჭვი გეპარებათ: «ჩვენ არ გავყიდით მას [ჩვენს ფიცს] რაიმე საფასურად, თუნდაც ის (ჩვენი) ნათესავი იყოს, და არ დავმალავთ ალლაჰის მოწმობას [იმ მოწმობას, რომლის შესრულებაც მან გვიბრძანა]. ჭეშმარიტად, ასეთ შემთხვევაში ჩვენ ვიქნებით ცოდვილთა შორის!»
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
O die ihr glaubt, wenn einem von euch der Tod naht zu der Zeit, da (er sein) Vermächtnis (macht), (soll) das Zeugnis unter euch (erfolgen) - durch zwei gerechte Personen von euch oder durch zwei andere, (die) nicht von euch (sind) -, wenn ihr im Land umherreist und euch dann das Unglück des Todes trifft. Ihr sollt beide (Personen) nach dem Gebet festhalten, und sie sollen dann, wenn ihr zweifelt, bei Allah schwören: „Wir verkaufen es für keinen Preis, auch wenn es sich um einen Verwandten handelt, und verheimlichen das Zeugnis Allahs nicht; wir gehören sonst gewiss zu den Sündhaften.“
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Ω, εσείς που πιστεύετε! Όταν ο θάνατος πλησιάζει κάποιον από σας, ας καλέσει όταν κάνει τη διαθήκη του, δύο δίκαιους μάρτυρες από σας (Μουσουλμάνους), ή δύο από τους άλλους (μη μουσουλμάνους) εάν ταξιδεύετε και σας χτυπάει ο θάνατος. Και αν έχετε κάποια αμφιβολία (για τη μαρτυρία των δύο μαρτύρων), κρατήστε τους μετά την προσευχή για να ορκιστούν στον Αλλάχ (λέγοντας): «Δεν θα ανταλλάξουμε τη μαρτυρία μας με κανένα τίμημα, ακόμη και υπέρ ενός στενού συγγενή, ούτε θα κρύψουμε τη μαρτυρία που έχει διατάξει ο Αλλάχ, (και αν κάνουμε κάτι τέτοιο) τότε είμαστε ανάμεσα στους αμαρτωλούς.»
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
ऐ ईमान वालो! जब तुममें से किसी की मृत्यु आ पहुँचे, तो वसिय्यत[72] के समय तुम्हारे बीच गवाही (के लिए) तुममें से दो न्यायप्रिय व्यक्ति हों या तुम्हारे ग़ैरों में से दूसरे दो व्यक्ति हों, यदि तुम धरती में यात्रा कर रहे हो, फिर तुम्हें मरण की आपदा आ पहुँचे। तुम उन दोनों को नमाज़ के बाद रोक लोगे, यदि तुम्हें (उनपर) संदेह हो। फिर वे दोनों अल्लाह की क़सम खाएँगे कि हम उसके साथ कोई मूल्य नहीं लेंगे, यद्यपि वह निकट का संबंधी हो और न हम अल्लाह की गवाही छिपाएँगे, निःसंदेह हम उस समय निश्चय पापियों में से होंगे।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
O credenti, che ci siano dei testimoni tra voi quando uno di voi è prossimo alla morte al momento del testamento: due giusti uomini dei vostri, oppure altrettanti non dei vostri, se siete in viaggio e vi è capitata la disgrazia della morte. Tratteneteli dopo la preghiera, e che giurino sul nome di Allāh: “Se dubitate, non venderemo la nostra testimonianza a nessun prezzo, anche se fosse un parente, e non nascondiamo la testimonianza di Allāh: se lo facessimo, in verità saremmo tra i peccatori”.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
106. O jūs, kurie tikite! Kai mirtis užklumpa kurį nors iš jūsų, ir jūs sudarinėjate testamentą, (tada paimkite) liudijimą dviejų teisingų vyrų iš jūsų pačių žmonių arba dviejų kitų iš pašalinių, kai jūs keliaujate žeme ir mirtis jus užklumpa. Užlaikykite juos abu po As-Salat (maldos), (tada), jei abejojate (jų teisingumu), lai jie abu prisiekia Allahu (sakydami): „Mes nenorime iš to jokios žemiškos naudos, net jei jis (palikėjas) būtų mūsų artimas giminaitis. Mes neslėpsime Allaho Liudijimo, nes tada iš tiesų būsime nuodėmingieji.“
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8
Afaan Oromoo · Oromo
Yaa warra amantan! Yeroo tokkoo keessanitti duuti dhufe yoggaa dhaamsaa jidduu keessanitti ragaan (isin irratti dirqama). nama haqaa lama kan isin irraa ta’e, yookin nama lama kan isiniin maleerraa tahe, yoo isin dachii keessa deemtanii balaan du’aa isin mudate (ragaan isin irratti dirqama). Yoo shakkitan booda salaataatii isaan lamaan dhaabdanii Rabbiin kakatu "odoma fira dhihoo ta’eeyyuu isaan (ragaa keenyaan) maallaqa hin jijjiirrannu; ragaa Rabbii hin dhoksinu; nuti yeroo san (yoo dhooysine) warra dilaawaa irraayyi" jedhanii (haa kakatanii). [45]
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
О вы, которые уверовали! Свидетельство между вами, когда смерть приближается к одному из вас, во время завещания, — двое справедливых из вас или двое других, не из вас, если вы странствуете по земле и вас постигло несчастье смерти. Задержите их обоих после молитвы, и пусть они поклянутся Аллахом, если вы засомневались: «Мы не продадим его за цену, даже если [тот, о ком речь,] является близким родственником, и не утаим свидетельства Аллаха. Воистину, тогда мы окажемся из числа грешников!»
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
О ви који верујете, када вам се приближи смрт, приликом давања опоруке нека вам посведоче двојица праведних од вас, или нека друга двојица, који нису ваши – ако сте на путу, а појаве се знаци смрти. А ако посумњате, задржите их после обављене молитве и нека се закуну Аллахом: „Ми заклетву ни за какву цену нећемо да продајемо, макар се радило и о каквом рођаку и сведочење које је Аллах прописао нећемо да ускратимо, јер бисмо тада заиста били грешници.“
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Enyi mlioamini! Yanapomfikia mauti mmoja wenu na akataka kutoa wasia, basi wawepo mashahidi wawili miongoni mwenu ambao ni waadilifu. Na mnapokuwa katika safari, na msiba wa mauti ukawasibu, basi washuhudie wengineo wawili wasiokuwa katika nyinyi. Mtawazuia wawili hao baada ya Swala na waape kwa Mwenyezi Mungu, mkitilia shaka, wakisema: Hatutopokea thamani yoyote kwa haya hata kwa ajili ya jamaa; na wala hatutaficha ushahidi wa Mwenyezi Mungu; hakika hapo tutakuwa miongoni mwa wenye dhambi.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Troende! När döden närmar sig någon av er och ni ska upprätta testamente, ska två rättvisa män bland er vittna. Om ni befinner er på resa och dödens svåra stund drabbar er, och ni inte finner sådana, ska två andra män utanför ert samfund vittna. Om ni hyser tvivel ska ni hålla kvar dem efter bönen och låta dem svära vid Gud: ”Vi ska inte byta detta mot någon vinning, inte ens till förmån för en släkting, och vi ska inte dölja det vittnesmål som Gud kräver av oss; gjorde vi det skulle vi sannerligen vara syndare.”
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Ey iman edenler! Birinizin ölümü yaklaştığı zaman, vasiyet sırasında aranızda şahitlik (edecek olanlar) sizden adaletli iki kişidir. Yahut seferde olup da başınıza ölüm musibeti gelirse, sizin dışınızdan başka iki kişi şahitlik eder. Eğer şüphe ederseniz, onları namazdan sonra alıkorsunuz da Allah adına, “Akraba da olsa, şahitliğimizi hiçbir karşılığa değişmeyiz. Allah için yaptığımız şahitliği gizlemeyiz. Gizlediğimiz takdirde, şüphesiz günahkârlardan oluruz.” diye yemin ederler.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
اے ایمان والو! تمہارے آپس میں دو شخص کا گواه ہونا مناسب ہے جبکہ تم میں سے کسی کو موت آنے لگے اور وصیت کرنے کا وقت ہو وه دو شخص ایسے ہوں کہ دیندار ہوں خواه تم میں سے ہوں[1] یا غیر لوگوں میں سے دو شخص ہوں اگر تم کہیں سفر میں گئے ہو اور تمہیں موت آ جائے[2] اگر تم کو شبہ ہو تو ان دونوں کو بعد نماز روک لو پھر دونوں اللہ کی قسم کھائیں کہ ہم اس قسم کے عوض کوئی نفع نہیں لینا چاہتے[3] اگر چہ کوئی قرابت دار بھی ہو اور اللہ تعالیٰ کی بات کو ہم پوشیده نہ کریں گے، ہم اس حالت میں سخت گنہگار ہوں گے۔
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 And when it is said to them, "Come to what God has revealed, and to the Messenger," they say, "Sufficient for us is what we found our forefathers upon." Even if their forefathers knew nothing, and were not guided?
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And when it is said unto them: Come unto that which Allah hath revealed and unto the messenger, they say: Enough for us is that wherein we found our fathers. What! Even though their fathers had no knowledge whatsoever, and no guidance
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And when it is said to them, 'Come round to what God has revealed unto His Apostle,' they say, 'Enough for us is what we found our fathers agreed upon.' What! though their fathers knew nothing and were not guided
John Medows Rodwell1861 And when it was said to them, "Accede to that which God hath sent down, and to the Apostle:" they said, "Sufficient for us is the faith in which we found our fathers." What! though their fathers knew nothing, and had no guidance
George Sale1734 And when it is said to them, 'Come to what God has revealed, and to the Messenger,' they say, 'Sufficient for us is that wherein we found our fathers.' What! even though their fathers had no knowledge and had no guidance
Talal Itani2012 O you who believe! You are responsible for your own souls. He who has strayed cannot harm you if you are guided. To God is you return, all of you, and He will inform you of what you used to do.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 O ye who believe! Ye have charge of your own souls. He who erreth cannot injure you if ye are rightly guided. Unto Allah ye will all return; and then He will inform you of what ye used to do
Edward Henry Palmer1880 O ye who believe! mind yourselves; he who errs can do you no hurt when ye are guided: unto God is your return altogether, and He will declare to you that which ye do not know
John Medows Rodwell1861 O believers! take heed to yourselves. He who erreth shall not hurt you when ye have the "guidance:" to God shall ye all return, and He will tell you that which ye have done
George Sale1734 O ye who believe! take care of your own selves. He who goes astray cannot harm you when you yourselves are rightly guided. To God will you all return; then He will inform you of what you used do
DIN 31635faʾin ʿuṯira ʿalā ʾannahumā staḥaqqā ʾiṯman faʾāḫarāni yaqūmāni maqāmahumā mina llaḏīna staḥaqqa ʿalayhimu l-ʾawlayāni fayuqsimāni billāhi lašahādatunā ʾaḥaqqu min šahādatihimā wamā ʿtadaynā ʾinnā ʾiḏan lamina ẓ-ẓālimīna
Talal Itani2012 If it is discovered that they are guilty of perjury: let two others take their place, two from among those responsible for the claim, and have them swear by God, "Our testimony is more truthful than their testimony, and we will not be biased, for then we would be wrongdoers."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 But then, if it is afterwards ascertained that both of them merit (the suspicion of) sin, let two others take their place of those nearly concerned, and let them swear by Allah, (saying): Verily our testimony is truer than their testimony and we have not transgressed (the bounds of duty), for them indeed we should be of the evil-doers
Edward Henry Palmer1880 But if it shall be lit upon that they too have deserved the imputation of sin, then let two others stand up in their place with those who think them deserving of the imputation, the nearest two in kin, and they shall both swear by God, 'Indeed, our testimony is truer than the testimony of those two, and we have not transgressed, for then we should surely be of the unjust
John Medows Rodwell1861 But if it shall be made clear that both have been guilty of a falsehood, two others of those who have convicted them thereof, the two nearest in blood shall stand up in their place, and they shall swear by God, "Verily our witness is more true than the witness of these two; neither have we advanced anything untrue, for then should we be of the unjust
George Sale1734 But if it be discovered that the two witnesses are guilty of sin, then two others shall take their place from amongst those against whom the former two witnesses -- who were in a better position to give true evidence -- had deposed, and the two latter witnesses shall swear by God, saying, 'Surely our testimony is truer than the testimony of the former two, and we have not been unfair in any way; for then, indeed, we should be of the unjust
Talal Itani2012 That makes it more likely that they will give true testimony, fearing that their oaths might be contradicted by subsequent oaths. So fear God, and listen. God does not guide the disobedient people.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Thus it is more likely that they will bear true witness or fear that after their oaths the oaths (of others) will be taken. So be mindful of your duty (to Allah) and hearken. Allah guideth not the froward folk
Edward Henry Palmer1880 thus is it easier for men to bear testimony according to the purport thereof, else must they fear lest an oath be given to rebut their own oath; but let them fear God and listen, for God guides not the people who do ill
John Medows Rodwell1861 Thus will it be easier for men to bear a true witness, or fear lest after their oath another oath be given. Therefore fear God and hearken; for God guideth not the perverse
George Sale1734 Thus it is more likely that they will give evidence according to facts or that they will fear that other oaths will be taken after their oaths. And fear God and hearken. And God guides not the disobedient people
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.55 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.66
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.62
Talal Itani · George Sale0.61
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.57
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.56
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.55
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.52
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.51
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.48
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.47
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
Sources, editions and licences for everything above
ReceiptsSource fact
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.