Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
If it is discovered that they are guilty of perjury: let two others take their place, two from among those responsible for the claim, and have them swear by God, "Our testimony is more truthful than their testimony, and we will not be biased, for then we would be wrongdoers."
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
But then, if it is afterwardsascertained that both of them merit (the suspicion of) sin, let two others take their place of those nearlyconcerned, and let them swear by Allah, (saying): Verily our testimony is truer than their testimony and we have not transgressed (the bounds of duty), for them indeed we should be of the evil-doers
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
But if it shall be lit upon that they too have deserved the imputation of sin, then let two others stand up in their place with those who think them deserving of the imputation, the nearest two in kin, and they shall both swear by God, 'Indeed, our testimony is truer than the testimony of those two, and we have not transgressed, for then we should surely be of the unjust
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
But if it shall be madeclear that both have been guilty of a falsehood, two others of those who have convicted them thereof, the two nearest in blood shall stand up in their place, and they shall swear by God, "Verily our witness is more true than the witness of these two; neither have we advancedanythinguntrue, for then should we be of the unjust
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
But if it be discovered that the two witnesses are guilty of sin, then two others shall take their place from amongst those against whom the former two witnesses -- who were in a betterposition to give true evidence -- had deposed, and the two latter witnesses shall swear by God, saying, 'Surely our testimony is truer than the testimony of the former two, and we have not been unfair in any way; for then, indeed, we should be of the unjust
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Nëse zbulohet se ata kanë bërë gjynah, atëherë ata le të zëvendësohen me dy të tjerë prej atyre që janë të afërm (të të ndjerit), pastaj le të betohen në Allahun (duke thënë): "Me të vërtetë dëshmia jonë është më e drejtë se dëshmia e tyre dhe ne nuk bëjmë shkelje, përndryshe do të ishim njëmend zullumqarë."
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
অতঃপর যদি এটা প্রকাশ হয় যে, তারা (সাক্ষীরা) দু’জনই অপরাধে লিপ্ত হয়েছে, তবে যাদের স্বার্থহানি ঘটেছে, তাদের মধ্য থেকে নিকটতম দুজন তাদের স্থলাভিষিক্ত হবে এবং আল্লাহ্র নামে শপথ করে বলবে: ‘আমাদের সাক্ষ্য অবশ্যই তাদের সাক্ষ্য থেকে অধিকতর সত্য এবং আমরা সীমালঙ্ঘন করিনি, করলে অবশ্যই আমরা যালিমদের অন্তর্ভুক্ত হব।’
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
A ako se dozna da su njih dvojica zgriješila, onda će njih zamijeniti druga dvojica od onih kojima je šteta nanesena, i neka se Allahom zakunu: "Naše zakletve su sigurno vjerodostojnije od zakletvi njihovih, mi se nismo krivo zakleli, jer bismo tada, zaista, u redovima nepravednih bili."
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
A ako se dozna da su njih dvojica zgriješila, onda će njih zamijeniti druga dvojica od onih kojima je šteta nanesena, i neka se Allahom zakunu: "Naše zakletve su sigurno vjerodostojnije od zakletvi njihovih, mi se nismo krivo zakleli, jer bismo tada, zaista, u redovima nepravednih bili."
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Si tawaama won de ɓe kaan di e bakkaatu, ko woɗɓe ɗiɗo darotoo darnde maɓɓe nden, hara ko jeyaaɓe e haanduɓe e hettugol , ɓe ngooɗndira Alla : "Pellet, ko seedee amen on ɓuri jojjude seedee maɓɓe on ; min njawtaani keeri. Minen ontuma [si men mbaɗii ɗum], haray men njeyaama e tooñooɓe ɓen".
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
თუ კი (მათი ფიცის შემდეგ) გამოვლინდება, რომ ეს ორი [ორი მოწმე] დამნაშავედ იქცა ცოდვაში [გამოვლინდა მათი არასანდოობა ან სიცრუე ამ მოწმობაში], მაშინ ორი სხვა, გარდაცვლილის ახლო ნათესავი დაიკავებს მათ ადგილს [წინა მოწმეების ნაცვლად], მათ წინააღმდეგ, ვის მიმართაც ბრალდება წამოიჭრა (ცოდვაში). და შემდეგ ისინი [მოწმე-ნათესავები] დაიფიცებენ ალლაჰს: «უდავოდ, ჩვენი მოწმობა უფრო ჭეშმარიტია, ვიდრე იმ ორი ადამიანის მოწმობა [უფრო იმსახურებს მიღებას] (რადგან მათი არასანდოობა გამოიკვეთა). და ჩვენ არ გადავცდებით სიმართლეს (იმაში, რაც მათზე ვთქვით და ჩვენს მოწმობაში); წინააღმდეგ შემთხვევაში, ჩვენ ვიქნებოდით უსამართლოთა შორის».
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Wenn sich jedoch herausstellt, dass sie (beide) sich einer Sünde schuldig gemacht haben, dann (sollen) zwei andere an ihre Stelle treten von denen, zu deren Nachteil die beiden sich (einer Sünde) schuldig gemacht haben, und (sie) (beide sollen) bei Allah schwören: „Unser Zeugnis ist gewiss berechtigter als deren Zeugnis. Und wir haben nicht übertreten; wir gehören sonst gewiss zu den Ungerechten.“
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Εάν βρεθεί ότι (οι δύο μάρτυρες) έχουν αμαρτήσει (λέγοντας ψέματα στη μαρτυρία τους), ας τους αντικαταστήσουν δύο άλλοι από τους στενούς συγγενείς (του αποθανόντα), και ας ορκιστούν στον Αλλάχ (λέγοντας) ότι: «Η μαρτυρία μας είναι πιο δίκαια από τη μαρτυρία τους, και δεν υπερβαίνουμε την αλήθεια στη μαρτυρία μας, (και αν κάνουμε κάτι τέτοιο) τότε είμαστε ανάμεσα στους άδικους.»
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
फिर यदि पता चले कि निःसंदेह वे दोनों (गवाह) किसी पाप के पात्र हुए हैं, तो उन दोनों के स्थान पर, दो अन्य गवाह खड़े हों, उनमें से जिनका हक़ दबाया गया है, जो (मरे हुए व्यक्ति के) अधिक निकट हों। फिर वे दोनों अल्लाह की क़समें खाएँ कि हमारी गवाही उन दोनों की गवाही से अधिक सच्ची है और हमने कोई ज़्यादती नहीं की। निःसंदेह हम उस समय निश्चय अत्याचारियों में से होंगे।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
Ma se si scopre che hanno meritato la punizione, allora si prenderanno altri al loro posto tra quelli a cui il torto è stato fatto, i quali giurino in nome di Allāh: «Questa nostra testimonianza è più veritiera della loro e non siamo trasgressori. In verità saremmo tra gli ingiusti!»
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
107. Jei tada paaiškėja, kad šie du buvo kalti dėl nuodėmės, lai du kiti stoja į jų vietą, artimiausi giminės iš tų, kurie reikalauja teisėtos teisės. Lai jie prisiekia Allahu (sakydami): „Mes pripažįstame, kad mūsų liudijimas yra teisingesnis, nei tų abiejų, ir kad mes nenusižengsime (tiesai), nes tada iš tiesų mes būtume nusidėjėliai.“
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Если же обнаружится, что они оба оказались виновными в грехе, то двое других займут место тех двоих — из числа тех, против которых согрешили первые двое. И они оба поклянутся Аллахом: «Наше свидетельство правдивее свидетельства тех двоих. Мы не преступили пределы, воистину, тогда мы оказались бы из числа несправедливых».
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
А ако се дозна да су њих двојица згрешила, онда ће њих да замене друга двојица од оних којима је нанесена штета, и нека се закуну Аллахом: „Наше заклетве су сигурно веродостојније од њихових заклетви, ми се нисмо криво заклели, јер бисмо тада, заиста, међу неправедницима били.“
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Lakini ikigundulika kuwa wawili hao wamestahiki dhambi, basi wawili wengineo kutokana na warithi wenye kudai haki washike mahali pa wale wa mwanzo. Nao waape kwa Mwenyezi Mungu wakisema: Hakika ushahidi wetu ni wa haki zaidi kuliko ushahidi wa wale. Na sisi hatujafanya dhambi; hakika hapo tutakuwa miongoni mwa madhalimu.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Om det därefter visar sig att de båda gjort sig skyldiga till bedrägeri ska två andra träda fram i deras ställe, bland dem vars rätt har kränkts, och de ska svära vid Gud: ”Vårt vittnesmål är sannare än deras, och vi har inte överträtt gränserna; då skulle vi förvisso vara djupt orättfärdiga.”
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
(Eğer sonradan) o ikisinin (yalan söyleyerek) günaha düştükleri belli olursa, ölenin yakınlarından diğer iki kişi onların yerine geçerler ve; “Bizim şahitliğimiz, bu ikisinin (yalancı) şahitliğinden (kabul olma hususunda) daha geçerlidir. Biz (kimsenin hakkına) tecavüz etmedik, aksi takdirde biz, elbette zalimlerden oluruz" diye Allah'a yemin ederler.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
پھر اگر اس کی اطلاع ہو کہ وه دونوں گواه کسی گناه کے مرتکب ہوئے ہیں[1] تو ان لوگوں میں سے جن کے مقابلہ میں گناه کا ارتکاب ہوا تھا اور دو شخص جو سب میں قریب تر ہیں جہاں وه دونوں کھڑے ہوئے تھے[2] یہ دونوں کھڑے ہوں پھر دونوں اللہ کی قسم کھائیں کہ بالیقین ہماری یہ قسم ان دونوں کی اس قسم سے زیاده راست ہے اور ہم نے ذرا تجاوز نہیں کیا، ہم اس حالت میں سخت ﻇالم ہوں گے۔
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 O you who believe! You are responsible for your own souls. He who has strayed cannot harm you if you are guided. To God is you return, all of you, and He will inform you of what you used to do.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 O ye who believe! Ye have charge of your own souls. He who erreth cannot injure you if ye are rightly guided. Unto Allah ye will all return; and then He will inform you of what ye used to do
Edward Henry Palmer1880 O ye who believe! mind yourselves; he who errs can do you no hurt when ye are guided: unto God is your return altogether, and He will declare to you that which ye do not know
John Medows Rodwell1861 O believers! take heed to yourselves. He who erreth shall not hurt you when ye have the "guidance:" to God shall ye all return, and He will tell you that which ye have done
George Sale1734 O ye who believe! take care of your own selves. He who goes astray cannot harm you when you yourselves are rightly guided. To God will you all return; then He will inform you of what you used do
Talal Itani2012 O you who believe! When death approaches one of you, let two reliable persons from among you act as witnesses to the making of a bequest, or two persons from another people if you are travelling in the land and the event of death approaches you. Engage them after the prayer. If you have doubts, let them swear by God: "We will not sell our testimony for any price, even if he was a near relative, and we will not conceal God's testimony, for then we would be sinners."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 O ye who believe! Let there be witnesses between you when death draweth nigh unto one of you, at the time of bequest - two witnesses, just men from among you, or two others from another tribe, in case ye are campaigning in the land and the calamity of death befall you. Ye shall empanel them both after the prayer, and, if ye doubt, they shall be made to swear by Allah (saying): We will not take a bribe, even though it were (on behalf of) a near kinsman nor will we hide the testimony of Allah, for then indeed we should be of the sinful
Edward Henry Palmer1880 O ye who believe! let there be a testimony between you when any one of you is on the point of death - at the time he makes his will - two equitable persons from amongst you; or two others from some other folk, if ye be knocking about in the land, and the calamity of death befall you; ye shall shut them both up after prayer, and they shall both swear by God, if ye doubt them, (saying), 'We will not sell (our testimony) for a price, though it were to a relative, nor will we hide God's testimony, verily, then, we should be among sinners
John Medows Rodwell1861 O believers! let there be witnesses between you, when death draweth nigh to any of you, at the time of making the testament; two witnesses - just men from among yourselves, or two others of a different tribe from yourselves - if ye be journeying in the earth, and the calamity of death surprise you. Ye shall shut them both up, after the prayer; and if ye doubt them, they shall swear by God, "We will not take a bribe though the party be of kin to us, neither will we conceal the testimony of God, for then we should be among the wicked
George Sale1734 O ye who believe! the right evidence among you, when death comes to one of you, at the time of making a will, is of two just men from among you; or of two others not from among you, in case you be journeying in the land and the calamity of death befalls you. You shall detain them both after Prayer for giving evidence; and if you have doubt concerning their evidence, they shall both swear by God, saying, 'We will not take for this any price, even though the person affected thereby be a near relation, nor will we hide the testimony enjoined by God; surely in that case we shall be among the sinners
Talal Itani2012 That makes it more likely that they will give true testimony, fearing that their oaths might be contradicted by subsequent oaths. So fear God, and listen. God does not guide the disobedient people.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Thus it is more likely that they will bear true witness or fear that after their oaths the oaths (of others) will be taken. So be mindful of your duty (to Allah) and hearken. Allah guideth not the froward folk
Edward Henry Palmer1880 thus is it easier for men to bear testimony according to the purport thereof, else must they fear lest an oath be given to rebut their own oath; but let them fear God and listen, for God guides not the people who do ill
John Medows Rodwell1861 Thus will it be easier for men to bear a true witness, or fear lest after their oath another oath be given. Therefore fear God and hearken; for God guideth not the perverse
George Sale1734 Thus it is more likely that they will give evidence according to facts or that they will fear that other oaths will be taken after their oaths. And fear God and hearken. And God guides not the disobedient people
Talal Itani2012 On the Day when God will gather the messengers, then say, "What response were you given?" They will say, "We have no knowledge; it is you who are the Knower of the unseen."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 In the day when Allah gathereth together the messengers, and saith: What was your response (from mankind)? they say: We have no knowledge. Lo! Thou, only Thou art the Knower of Things Hidden
Edward Henry Palmer1880 On the day when God shall assemble the apostles and shall say, 'How were ye answered?' they will say, 'We have no knowledge; verily, thou art He who knoweth the unseen
John Medows Rodwell1861 One day will God assemble the Apostles, and say, "What reply was made to you?" They shall say, "We have no knowledge, but Thou art the Knower of Secrets
George Sale1734 Think of the day when God will assemble the Messengers and say, 'What was the reply made to you?' They will say, 'We have no knowledge, it is only Thou Who art the Knower of hidden things
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.59 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.64
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.62
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.61
Talal Itani · George Sale0.60
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.60
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.59
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.59
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.58
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.53
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.51
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
Sources, editions and licences for everything above
ReceiptsSource fact
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.