Easy-read (simplified)yaa ahla l-kitaabi qad jaa'akum rasoolunaa yubayyinu lakum katheeran mimmaa kuntum tukhfoona mina l-kitaabi waya'foo 'an katheerin qad jaa'akum mina llaahi noorun wakitaabun mubeen
DIN 31635yā ʾahla l-kitābi qad ǧāʾakum rasūlunā yubayyinu lakum kaṯīran mimmā kuntum tuḫfūna mina l-kitābi wayaʿfū ʿan kaṯīrin qad ǧāʾakum mina llāhi nūrun wakitābun mubīnun
Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
O People of the Book! Our Messenger has come to you, clarifying for you much of what you kept hidden of the Book, and overlooking much. A light from God has come to you, and a clear Book.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
O People of the Scripture! Now hath Our messenger come unto you, expounding unto you much of that which ye used to hide in the Scripture, and forgiving much. now hath come unto you light from Allah and plain Scripture
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
O ye people of the Book! our Apostle has come to you to explain to you much of what ye had hidden of the Book, and to pardon much. There has come to you from God a light, and a perspicuous Book
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
O people of the Scriptures! now is our Apostle come to you to clear up to you much that ye concealed of those Scriptures, and to pass over many things. Now hath a light and a clear Book come to you from God
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
O ye who have received the scriptures, now is our apostle come unto you, to makemanifest unto you many things which ye concealed in the scriptures; and to pass over many things. Now is light and a perspicuous book of revelations come unto you from God
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
O ithtarë të Librit! Juve ju erdhi i Dërguari Ynë, i cili ju sqaron shumë gjëra që i keni fshehur prej Librave dhe shumë të tjera i kalon (pa i përmendur). Juve ju erdhi nga Allahu një dritë dhe Libër i qartë,
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
হে আহলে কিতাব! এখন তো তোমাদের কাছে আমার রাসূল (মুহাম্মাদ) এসেছে। তোমরা কিতাবের যা গোপন করতে, তার অনেক কিছু তোমাদের নিকট সে প্রকাশ করছে এবং অনেক কিছু ছেড়ে দিচ্ছে। অবশ্যই আল্লাহর নিকট থেকে এক জ্যোতি ও সুস্পষ্ট কিতাব তোমাদের কাছে এসেছে।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
O vi kojima je data Knjiga, došao vam je Poslanik Naš da vam ukaže na mnogo šta što vi iz Knjige krijete, a preko mnogo čega će i preći. A od Allaha vam dolazi svjetlost i Knjiga jasna.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
O vi kojima je data Knjiga, došao vam je Poslanik Naš da vam ukaže na mnogo šta što vi iz Knjige krijete, a preko mnogo čega će i preći. A od Allaha vam dolazi svjetlost i Knjiga jasna.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Eehey mon yimɓe Defte, gooŋɗii Nulaaɗo Amen on arii on homo ɓannginana on ko ɗuuɗi e ko laatinoɗon hiɗon cuuɗa ka deftere, Homo Yaafoo ga e ko ɗuuɗi. Gooŋɗii arii e mooɗon Annoora, e deftere ɓanngunde. (Feeñnde)
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
ჰეი, წიგნის ხალხნო! უკვე მოვიდა თქვენთან ჩვენი შუამავალი, რომელიც გიხსნით ბევრ რამეს იმისგან, რასაც თქვენ მალავდით წიგნიდან [თორადან და ინჯილიდან], და გვერდს უვლის ბევრს, მათზე ყურადღების მიქცევის გარეშე. უკვე მოვიდა თქვენთან ალლაჰისგან ნათელი [ისლამი] და ცხადი წიგნი [ყურანი].
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
O Leute der Schrift, Unser Gesandter ist nunmehr zu euch gekommen, um euch vieles von dem zu verdeutlichen, was ihr von der Schrift verborgengehalten habt und um vieles zu verzeihen. Gekommen ist nunmehr zu euch von Allah ein Licht und ein deutliches Buch,
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Ω, λαέ του Βιβλίου (Εβραίοι και Χριστιανοί)! Τώρα ήρθε σ’ εσάς ο Αγγελιαφόρος Μας (ο Μωχάμμαντ), φανερώνει σ’ εσάς πολλά απ’ όσα κρύβατε (από τους κοινούς Εβραίους και Χριστιανούς) από το Βιβλίο (την Τορά και το Ιν-τζήλ, και ό,τι διαστρεβλώσατε και προσθέσατε σ' αυτά), και αφήνει πολλά (που δεν υπάρχει όφελος να τα φανερώσει). Πράγματι, έχει έρθει σ’ εσάς από τον Αλλάχ ένα φως (ο Προφήτης Μωχάμμαντ) και ένα ξεκάθαρο Βιβλίο (το Κορ’άν).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
ऐ किताब वालो! तुम्हारे पास हमारे रसूल[18] आ गए हैं, जो तुम्हारे लिए उनमें से बहुत-सी बातें खोलकर बयान करते हैं, जिन्हें तुम किताब में से छिपाया करते थे और बहुत-सी बातों को नज़रअंदाज़ कर देते हैं। निःसंदेह तुम्हारे पास अल्लाह की ओर से एक प्रकाश तथा स्पष्ट पुस्तक (क़ुरआन) आई है।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
O gente del Libro, vi è arrivato il Nostro Messaggero a chiarirvi gran parte di ciò che nascondevate del Libro, e a perdonare molto altro. Vi è giunta da Allāh una Luce e un chiaro Libro,
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
15. O Rašto žmonės (judėjai ir krikščionys)! Dabar atėjo pas jus Mūsų Pasiuntinys (Muchammedas ﷺ ), aiškindamas jums daugumą to, ką jūs slėpdavote iš Rašto ir dažnai ignoruodavote (t. y. palikdavote nepaaiškinę). Iš tikrųjų, atėjo jums iš Allaho šviesa (Pranašas Muchammedas ﷺ ) ir aiški Knyga (šis Koranas).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
О люди Писания! К вам уже пришёл Наш Посланник, который разъясняет вам многое из того, что вы скрывали из Писания, и умалчивает о многом. К вам уже пришёл от Аллаха свет и ясное Писание.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
О ви којима је дата Књига, дошао вам је Наш Посланик да вам укаже на много шта што ви из Књиге кријете, а преко много чега ће и да пређе. А од Аллаха вам долази светлост и Књига јасна.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Enyi Watu wa Kitabu! Hakika amekwishawajia Mtume wetu anayewabainishia mengi katika yale mliyokuwa mkiyaficha katika Kitabu, na anayaacha mengi. Bila shaka imekwishawajia kutoka kwa Mwenyezi Mungu nuru na Kitabu kilicho wazi.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Skriftens folk! Vårt sändebud har nu kommit till er. Han klargör mycket av det i skriften som ni brukade dölja, och han förbiser mycket. Nu har ett ljus kommit till er från Gud och en klargörande skrift.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Kitap'dan gizleyip durduğunuzun çoğunu size açıkça anlatan ve çoğunu da (açıklamadan) geçiveren rasûlümüz gelmiştir. Doğrusu size Allah’tan bir aydınlatıcı ve apaçık/açıklayıcı bir kitap gelmiştir.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
اے اہل کتاب! یقیناً تمہارے پاس ہمارا رسول (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) آچکا جو تمہارے سامنے کتاب اللہ کی بکثرت ایسی باتیں ﻇاہر کر رہا ہے جنہیں تم چھپا رہے تھے[1] اور بہت سی باتوں سے درگزر کرتا ہے، تمہارے پاس اللہ تعالیٰ کی طرف سے نور اور واضح کتاب آچکی ہے۔[2]
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 Because of their breaking their pledge, We cursed them, and made their hearts hard. They twist the words out of their context, and they disregarded some of what they were reminded of. You will always witness deceit from them, except for a few of them. But pardon them, and overlook. God loves the doers of good.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And because of their breaking their covenant, We have cursed them and made hard their hearts. They change words from their context and forget a part of that whereof they were admonished. Thou wilt not cease to discover treachery from all save a few of them. But bear with them and pardon them. Lo! Allah loveth the kindly
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And for that they broke their compact, we cursed them, and placed in their hearts hardness, so that they perverted the words from their places, and forgot a portion of what they were reminded of. But thou wilt not cease to light upon treachery amongst them, save a few of them; but pardon them and shun them; verily, God loves the kind
John Medows Rodwell1861 But for their breaking their covenant we have cursed them, and have hardened their hearts. They shift the words of Scripture from their places, and have forgotten part of what they were taught. Thou wilt not cease to discover deceit on their part, except in a few of them. But forgive them, and pass it over: verily, God loveth those who act generously
George Sale1734 Wherefore because they have broken their covenant, we have cursed them, and hardened their hearts; they dislocate the words of the pentateuch from their places, and have forgotten part of what they were admonished; and thou wilt not cease to discover deceitful practices among them, except a few of them. But forgive them, and pardon them, for God loveth the beneficent
Talal Itani2012 And from those who say, "We are Christians," We received their pledge, but they neglected some of what they were reminded of. So We provoked enmity and hatred among them until the Day of Resurrection; God will then inform them of what they used to craft.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And with those who say: "Lo! we are Christians," We made a covenant, but they forgot a part of that whereof they were admonished. Therefor We have stirred up enmity and hatred among them till the Day of Resurrection, when Allah will inform them of their handiwork
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And of those who say, 'Verily, we are Christians,' we have taken a compact; but they have forgotten a portion of what they were reminded of; wherefore have we excited amongst them enmity and hatred till the resurrection day; but God will tell them of what they have done
John Medows Rodwell1861 And of those who say, "We are Christians," have we accepted the covenant. But they too have forgotten a part of what they were taught; wherefore we have stirred up enmity and hatred among them that shall last till the day of the Resurrection; and in the end will God tell them of their doings
George Sale1734 And from those who say, we are Christians, we have received their covenant; but they have forgotten part of what they were admonished; wherefore we have raised up enmity and hatred among them, till the day of resurrection; and God will then surely declare unto them what they have been doing
DIN 31635yahdī bihi llāhu mani tabaʿa riḍwānahu subula s-salāmi wayuḫriǧuhum mina ẓ-ẓulumāti ʾilā n-nūri biʾiḏnihi wayahdīhim ʾilā ṣirāṭin mustaqīmin
Talal Itani2012 God guides with it whoever follows His approval to the ways of peace, and He brings them out of darkness into light, by His permission, and He guides them in a straight path.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Whereby Allah guideth him who seeketh His good pleasure unto paths of peace. He bringeth them out of darkness unto light by His decree, and guideth them unto a straight path
Edward Henry Palmer1880 God guides thereby those who follow His pleasure to the way of peace, and brings them into a right way
John Medows Rodwell1861 by which God will guide him who shall follow after his good pleasure, to paths of peace, and will bring them out of the darkness to the light, by his will: and to the straight path will he guide them
George Sale1734 Thereby will God direct him who shall follow his good pleasure, into the paths of peace; and shall lead them out of darkness into light, by his will, and shall direct them in the right way
Talal Itani2012 They disbelieve those who say, "God is the Christ, the son of Mary." Say, "Who can prevent God, if He willed, from annihilating the Christ son of Mary, and his mother, and everyone on earth?" To God belongs the sovereignty of the heavens and the earth and what is between them. He creates whatever He wills, and God has power over everything.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 They indeed have disbelieved who say: Lo! Allah is the Messiah, son of Mary. Say: Who then can do aught against Allah, if He had willed to destroy the Messiah son of Mary, and his mother and everyone on earth? Allah's is the Sovereignty of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them. He createth what He will. And Allah is Able to do all things
Edward Henry Palmer1880 They misbelieve who say, 'Verily, God is the Messiah the son of Mary;' say, 'Who has any hold on God, if he wished to destroy the Messiah the son of Mary, and his mother, and those who are on earth altogether?' God's is the kingdom of the heavens and the earth and what is between the two; He createth what He will, for God is mighty over all
John Medows Rodwell1861 Infidels now are they who say, "Verily God is the Messiah Ibn Maryam (son of Mary)! SAY: And who could aught obtain from God, if he chose to destroy the Messiah Ibn Maryam, and his mother, and all who are on the earth together? For with God is the sovereignty of the Heavens and of the Earth, and of all that is between them! He createth what He will; and over all things is God potent
George Sale1734 They are infidels, who say, verily God is Christ the son of Mary. Say unto them, and who could obtain any thing from God to the contrary, if he pleased to destroy Christ the son of Mary, and his mother, and all those who are on the earth? For unto God belongeth the kingdom of heaven and earth, and whatsoever is contained between them; he createth what he pleaseth, and God is almighty
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.59 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · George Sale0.70
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.67
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.67
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.66
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.62
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.61
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.58
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.55
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.42
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.42
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.