عَالَمِين AALAMIN Read the Qur'an in context Read the Qur'an

The verseSource fact

51:38

وَفِى مُوسَىٰٓ إِذْ أَرْسَلْنَٰهُ إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ بِسُلْطَٰنٍ مُّبِينٍ

Easy-read · not authoritative

Easy-read (simplified)wafee moosaa idh arsalnaahu ilaa fir'awna bisultaanin mubeen

DIN 31635wafī mūsā ʾiḏ ʾarsalnāhu ʾilā firʿawna bisulṭānin mubīnin

EditionTanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) ·Creative Commons Attribution 3.0

TranslationsSource fact

Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.

Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall 1875–1936 · published 1930

And in Moses (too, there is a portent) when We sent him unto Pharaoh with clear warrant

Sources

Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired

Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran ·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work ·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026

Edward Henry Palmer 1840–1882 · published 1880

And in Moses; when we sent him to Pharaoh with obvious authority

Sources

Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired

Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an ·1880 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work ·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026

John Medows Rodwell 1808–1900 · published 1861

And in Moses: when we sent him to Pharaoh with manifest power

Sources

Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired

John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an ·1861 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work ·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026

George Sale 1697–1736 · published 1734

In Moses also was a sign: When We sent him unto Pharaoh with manifest power

Sources

Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired

George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an ·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work ·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026

Other languages (18)
Shqip · Albanian

Edhe në tregimin e Musait (ka mësim), kur e dërguam te Faraoni me dëshmi të qartë.

Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5

বাংলা · Bengali

আর মূসার কাহিনীতেও নিদর্শন রয়েছে, যখন আমি তাকে সুস্পষ্ট প্রমাণসহ ফির‘আউনের কাছে পাঠিয়েছিলাম।

Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2

Bosanski · Bosnian

I u Musau, također – kada ga s očiglednim dokazom faraonu poslasmo,

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4

Hrvatski · Croatian

I u Mojsiju, također – kada ga s očiglednim dokazom faraonu poslasmo,

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1

Fulfulde · Fulani

[Min ngacci kadi ma'ande] e Muusaa, tuma nde Min nulunoo mo e Fir'awna, wond'ude e hujja ɓannguɗo.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2

ქართული · Georgian

და მუსაშიც (ნიშანია), როცა წარვგზავნეთ იგი ფარაონთან ცხადი საბუთით.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7

Deutsch · German

Und in Musa (ist auch ein Zeichen), als Wir ihn zu Fir'aun mit einer deutlichen Ermächtigung sandten.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15

Ελληνικά · Greek

Και στον Μωυσή (υπάρχει ένα Σημάδι για όσους φοβούνται την οδυνηρή τιμωρία), όταν τον στείλαμε στον Φαραώ με ξεκάθαρες αποδείξεις.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2

हिन्दी · Hindi

तथा मूसा (की कहानी) में (भी एक निशानी है), जब हमने उसे फ़िरऔन की ओर एक स्पष्ट प्रमाण देकर भेजा।

Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5

Italiano · Italian

E un altro esempio è Mūsā, quando lo inviammo al Faraone con prove evidenti.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2

Lietuvių · Lithuanian

38. Ir Mūsos (Mozės) (istorijoje yra ženklas), kuomet Mes nusiuntėme jį pas Firauną (Faraoną) su aiškiu įrodymu.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8

Afaan Oromoo · Oromo

(Seenaa) Muusaa keessas yeroo ragaa ifa ba’aan gara Fir’awnitti isa ergine (mallattoo goonee jirra).

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0

Русский · Russian

И в Мусе [есть знамение], когда Мы отправили его к Фараону с ясным доказательством,

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1

Српски · Serbian

И у Мојсију, такође - када га посласмо фараону са очигледним доказом,

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4

Kiswahili · Swahili

Na katika habari za Musa, tulipomtuma kwa Firauni na hoja wazi.

Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5

Svenska · Swedish

Likaså [finns ett budskap i berättelsen om] Mose, som vi sände till Farao med ett klart belägg [för sitt profetskap].

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2

Türkçe · Turkish

Mûsâ (kıssasında da ibret vardır). Hani biz, onu açık bir delil ile Firavun’a göndermiştik.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4

اردو · Urdu

موسیٰ (علیہ السلام کے قصے) میں (بھی ہماری طرف سے تنبیہ ہے) کہ ہم نے اسے فرعون کی طرف کھلی دلیل دے کر بھیجا.

Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3

About these translations

5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.

Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.

About easy-read

Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation, not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading. Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the same edition and their orthography differs.

The verses around this oneSource fact

shown so it's never read alone

51:36

فَمَا وَجَدْنَا فِيهَا غَيْرَ بَيْتٍ مِّنَ ٱلْمُسْلِمِينَ

Easy-read · not authoritative

Easy-read (simplified)famaa wajadnaa feehaa ghayra baytin mina l-muslimeen

DIN 31635famā waǧadnā fīhā ġayra baytin mina l-muslimīna

Talal Itani2012 But found in it only one household of Muslims.

Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 But We found there but one house of those surrendered (to Allah)

Edward Henry Palmer1880 but we only found therein one house of Muslims

John Medows Rodwell1861 But we found not in it but one family of Muslims

George Sale1734 But we found not therein more than one family of Moslems

51:37

وَتَرَكْنَا فِيهَآ ءَايَةً لِّلَّذِينَ يَخَافُونَ ٱلْعَذَابَ ٱلْأَلِيمَ

Easy-read · not authoritative

Easy-read (simplified)wataraknaa feehaa aayatan lilladheena yakhaafoona l-'adhaaba l-'aleem

DIN 31635wataraknā fīhā ʾāyatan lillaḏīna yaḫāfūna l-ʿaḏāba l-ʾalīma

Talal Itani2012 And We left in it a sign for those who fear the painful punishment.

Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And We left behind therein a portent for those who fear a painful doom

Edward Henry Palmer1880 And we left therein a sign to those who fear the grievous woe

John Medows Rodwell1861 And signs we left in it for those who dread the afflictive chastisement

George Sale1734 And we overthrew the same, and left a sign therein unto those who dread the severe chastisement of God

51:38 — the verse above

51:39

فَتَوَلَّىٰ بِرُكْنِهِۦ وَقَالَ سَٰحِرٌ أَوْ مَجْنُونٌ

Easy-read · not authoritative

Easy-read (simplified)fatawallaa biruknihi waqaala saahirun aw majnoon

DIN 31635fatawallā biruknihi waqāla sāḥirun ʾaw maǧnūnun

Talal Itani2012 But he turned away with his warlords, and said, "A sorcerer or a madman."

Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 But he withdrew (confiding) in his might, and said: A wizard or a madman

Edward Henry Palmer1880 But he turned his back towards his column and said, 'A sorcerer or mad

John Medows Rodwell1861 But relying on his forces he turned his back and said, "Sorcerer, or Possessed

George Sale1734 But he turned back, with his princes, saying, this man is a sorcerer, or a madman

51:40

فَأَخَذْنَٰهُ وَجُنُودَهُۥ فَنَبَذْنَٰهُمْ فِى ٱلْيَمِّ وَهُوَ مُلِيمٌ

Easy-read · not authoritative

Easy-read (simplified)fa'akhadhnaahu wajunoodahu fanabadhnaahum fee l-yammi wahuwa muleem

DIN 31635faʾaḫaḏnāhu waǧunūdahu fanabaḏnāhum fī l-yammi wahuwa mulīmun

Talal Itani2012 So We seized him and his troops, and threw them into the sea, and He was to blame.

Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 So We seized him and his hosts and flung them in the sea, for he was reprobate

Edward Henry Palmer1880 And we seized him and his hosts and hurled them into the sea; for he was to be blamed

John Medows Rodwell1861 So we seized him and his hosts and cast them into the sea; for of all blame was he worthy

George Sale1734 Wherefore We took him and his forces, and cast them into the sea: And he was one worthy of reprehension

Sources

EditionTanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) ·Uthmani, Version 1.1·Tanzil Project ·Creative Commons Attribution 3.0·retrieved 24 Aug 2026

Parallel edition — Simple, Version 1.1

وَفِي مُوسَىٰ إِذْ أَرْسَلْنَاهُ إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ بِسُلْطَانٍ مُّبِينٍ

EditionTanzil Qur'an text (Simple) ·Simple, Version 1.1·Tanzil Project ·Creative Commons Attribution 3.0·retrieved 24 Aug 2026

In plain words — none yet for this verse

Analysis details
Analysis detailsDerived

These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.

Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above — 0.47 on a scale where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is computed, not judged.

The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.

The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale 0.58
Talal Itani · George Sale 0.58
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall 0.55
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell 0.55
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale 0.55
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall 0.47
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale 0.41
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell 0.40
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell 0.29
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer 0.29

One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.

Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift

The platform does not say which is right, and does not characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.

Later literature, history and language

Easy-read

SourceTanzil Qur'an text (Simple) ·Simple, Version 1.1·Tanzil Project ·Creative Commons Attribution 3.0·retrieved 24 Aug 2026

SourceTanzil Qur'an text (Simple) ·Simple, Version 1.1·Tanzil Project ·Creative Commons Attribution 3.0·retrieved 24 Aug 2026

Sources, editions and licences for everything above

ReceiptsSource fact

7 sources stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read. Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.

Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Edition
Uthmani, Version 1.1
Custodian
Tanzil Project
Layer
canonical text
Licence
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0
Licence URL
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Commercial use
yes
Modification
contradictory
Licence text
read verbatim
Review state
cleared
Retrieved
24 August 2026
Digest
203f0f1bf3158b1e5be4ab9f8f6870e5…
Located at
https://tanzil.net/pub/download/index.php?quranType=uthmani&outType=xml
Convention
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.

CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.

Every source and rights decision →

Source Talal Itani, ClearQuran · ClearQuran, "God" edition, EPUB
Edition
ClearQuran, "God" edition, EPUB
Custodian
Talal Itani / ClearQuran.com
Layer
translation
Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Licence URL
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
Commercial use
yes
Modification
no
Licence text
terms page read
Review state
cleared
Retrieved
7 September 2026
Digest
70b0a8bb6f862f43670f7da1c0da59a4…
Located at
https://www.clearquran.com/downloads/quran-in-english-clearquran.epub
Convention
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.

CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.

Every source and rights decision →

Source Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran · 1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing
Edition
1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing
Custodian
None — public domain work
Layer
translation
Licence
Public domain — copyright term expired
Licence URL
— none published —
Commercial use
yes
Modification
yes
Licence text
not applicable — no licence exists
Review state
cleared
Retrieved
24 August 2026
Digest
aaff752d4349005282d977eebb863982…
Located at
https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/fawazahmed0/quran-api@6be8e17f2a0c13b1f33b1c3057f73cb28d5e848e/editions/eng-mohammedmarmadu.json

CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.

Every source and rights decision →

Source Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an · 1880 translation, digital edition of unverified printing
Edition
1880 translation, digital edition of unverified printing
Custodian
None — public domain work
Layer
translation
Licence
Public domain — copyright term expired
Licence URL
— none published —
Commercial use
yes
Modification
yes
Licence text
not applicable — no licence exists
Review state
cleared
Retrieved
24 August 2026
Digest
32b2330e332339ace53509539efe9040…
Located at
https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/fawazahmed0/quran-api@6be8e17f2a0c13b1f33b1c3057f73cb28d5e848e/editions/eng-edwardhenrypalm.json
Convention
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.

CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.

Every source and rights decision →

Source John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an · 1861 translation, digital edition of unverified printing
Edition
1861 translation, digital edition of unverified printing
Custodian
None — public domain work
Layer
translation
Licence
Public domain — copyright term expired
Licence URL
— none published —
Commercial use
yes
Modification
yes
Licence text
not applicable — no licence exists
Review state
cleared
Retrieved
24 August 2026
Digest
91423dea6a6dccc192457870ed2c08fb…
Located at
https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/fawazahmed0/quran-api@6be8e17f2a0c13b1f33b1c3057f73cb28d5e848e/editions/eng-johnmedowsrodwe.json
Convention
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.

CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.

Every source and rights decision →

Source George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an · 1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing
Edition
1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing
Custodian
None — public domain work
Layer
translation
Licence
Public domain — copyright term expired
Licence URL
— none published —
Commercial use
yes
Modification
yes
Licence text
not applicable — no licence exists
Review state
cleared
Retrieved
24 August 2026
Digest
05b679f5df49b0579e65f4b83b4c7235…
Located at
https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/fawazahmed0/quran-api@6be8e17f2a0c13b1f33b1c3057f73cb28d5e848e/editions/eng-georgesale.json
Convention
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.

CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.

Every source and rights decision →

Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Simple) · Simple, Version 1.1
Edition
Simple, Version 1.1
Custodian
Tanzil Project
Layer
canonical text
Licence
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0
Licence URL
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Commercial use
yes
Modification
contradictory
Licence text
read verbatim
Review state
cleared
Retrieved
24 August 2026
Digest
d9b5bad94e4725191aa8da9a0404bd8e…
Located at
https://tanzil.net/pub/download/index.php?quranType=simple&outType=xml
Convention
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.

CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.

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