Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
And they say, "What lies in the wombs of these animals is exclusively for our males, and prohibited to our wives." But if it is stillborn, they can share in it. He will surelypunish them for their allegations. He is Wise and Knowing.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
And they say: That which is in the bellies of such cattle is reserved for our males and is forbidden to our wives; but if it be born dead, then they (all) may be partakers thereof. He will reward them for their attribution (of such ordinances unto Him). Lo, He is Wise, Aware
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
And they say, 'What is in the wombs of these cattle is unlawful for our wives, but if it be (born) dead, then are they partners therein.' He will reward them for their attribution; verily, He is wise and knowing
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
And they say, "That which is in the wombs of these cattle is allowed to our males, and forbidden to our wives;" but if it prove abortive, both partake of it. God shall reward them for their distinctions! Knowing, Wise is He
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
And they say, that which is in the bellies of these cattle, is allowed our males to eat, and is forbidden to our wives: But if it prove abortive, then they are both partakers thereof. God shall give them the reward of their attributing these things to him: He is knowing and wise
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Ata thonë gjithashtu: "Ajo që gjendet në barqet e këtyre bagëtive është vetëm për meshkujt tanë, ndërkohë që është e ndaluar për femrat tona. Mirëpo, nëse lind e ngordhur, të gjithë do të kenë pjesë në të. Ai do t'i ndëshkojë ata për sajimet e tyre. Ai është vërtet i Urtë dhe i Gjithëdijshëm.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
তারা আরো বলে: ‘এ চতুষ্পদ জন্তুগুলোর পেটে যা আছে, তা আমাদের পুরুষদের জন্য নির্দিষ্ট এবং এটা আমাদের স্ত্রীদের জন্য হারাম। কিন্তু সেটা যদি মৃত হয়, তবে সবাই এতে অংশীদার।’ অচিরেই তিনি তাদেরকে তাদের এরূপ বিধিনিষেধ আরোপের শাস্তি প্রদান করবেন। নিশ্চয় তিনি প্রজ্ঞাময়, সর্বজ্ঞ।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Oni govore: "Ono što je u utrobama ove i ove stoke dozvoljeno je samo muškarcima našim, a zabranjeno našim ženama. A ako se plod izjalovi, onda su u tome sudionici." Allah će ih za neistine koje pričaju kazniti, zaista je On Mudri i Sveznajući.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Oni govore: "Ono što je u utrobama ove i ove stoke dozvoljeno je samo muškarcima našim, a zabranjeno našim ženama. A ako se plod izjalovi, onda su u tome sudionici." Allah će ih za neistine koje pričaju kazniti, zaista je On Mudri i Sveznajući.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Ɓe mbi'i kadi: "Ko woni kon e deedi ɗii neemoraaɗi, ko heeranii ɗum worɓe amen, harmani rewɓe amen". Si ɗum wonii ko jiipɗum, kamɓe ko ɓe kafooɓe ɗum. O yoɓoyat ɓe ko ɓe hanndi kon. Kaŋko ko O Ñeeñuɗo, gannduɗo.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
და თქვეს მათ [მრავალღმერთიანებმა]: «ის, რაც ამ ცხოველების საშვილოსნოებშია, (ნებადართულია) მხოლოდ ჩვენი მამაკაცებისთვის და აკრძალულია ჩვენი ქალებისთვის». ხოლო თუ ის [დაბადებული ცხოველი] მკვდარი იქნება, მაშინ ისინი ამაში (იქნებიან) თანამონაწილეები [ყველანი ერთად ჭამენ].
მიუზღავს იგი მათ მათი აღწერებისათვის[1]. ჭეშმარიტად, იგია ბრძენი და ყოვლისმცოდნე!
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Und sie sagten: „Was in den Leibern dieses Viehs ist, ist unseren Männern vorbehalten, unseren Gattinnen aber verboten.“ Wenn es aber tot (geboren) ist, so haben sie (alle) daran teil. Er wird ihnen ihre (ersonnene) Zuschreibung vergelten. Wahrlich, Er ist allweise und allwissend.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Και είπαν: «Ό,τι υπάρχει στις μήτρες αυτών των βοοειδών (αν γεννηθεί ζωντανό) επιτρέπεται αποκλειστικά για τους άνδρες ανάμεσά μας (για φαγητό) και είναι απαγορευμένο για τις συζύγους μας.» Και όμως, αν γεννηθεί νεκρό, τότε όλοι θα έχουν μερίδιο σ' αυτό. Θα τους τιμωρήσει (ο Αλλάχ) για ό,τι είπαν ψευδώς. Πράγματι, (ο Αλλάχ) είναι Χακείμ (Πάνσοφος) και ‘Αλείμ (Παντογνώστης).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
तथा उन्होंने कहा कि इन पशुओं के पेट में जो कुछ है, वह हमारे पुरुषों ही के लिए है और हमारी पत्नियों के लिए वर्जित है। और यदि मरा हुआ हो, तो सभी उसमें शामिल होंगे।[88] शीघ्र ही अल्लाह उन्हें उनके ऐसा कहने का बदला देगा। निःसंदेह वह हिकमत वाला, सब कुछ जानने वाला है।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
E dissero: «Ciò che è nei ventri di questi animali è per i nostri maschi ed è proibito alle nostre mogli”; ma quando si tratta di feti morti, se li spartiscono tra tutti loro. Allāh li punirà per queste parole! In verità Lui è Saggio, Sapiente.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
139. Ir jie sako: „Tai, kas yra tokių ir tokių galvijų pilvuose (pienas arba vaisius) yra tik mūsų vyrams, ir draudžiama mūsų moterims (mergaitėms ir moterims), tačiau jei jis gimsta miręs, tada visi jį dalinasi.“ Jis nubaus juos už jų priskyrimą (tokių melagingų nurodymų Allahui). Iš tiesų, Jis yra Visa Išmanantis, Visa Žinantis.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Они сказали: «То, что в утробах этого скота, — исключительно для наших мужчин и запретно для наших жён». А если оно будет мертвечиной, то они в этом — соучастники. Он воздаст им за их описание. Воистину, Он — мудрый, знающий.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Они говоре: „Оно што је у утробама ове и ове стоке дозвољено је само нашим мушкарцима, а забрањено је нашим женама. А ако се плод изјалови, онда су у томе судионици.“ Аллах ће за неистине које причају да их казни, заиста је Он Мудри и Свезнајући.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Na walisema: Vile vilivyo katika matumbo ya mifugo hawa ni vya wanaume wetu tu, na vimeharamishwa kwa wake zetu. Lakini wakiwa nyamafu, basi wanashirikiana ndani yake. Atawalipa maelezo yao hayo. Hakika Yeye ni Mwenye hekima, Mwenye kujua vyema.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Och de säger: ”Det som finns i buken på denna boskap är förbehållet våra män och förbjudet för våra kvinnor.” Men om det är dödfött delar de på det. Han ska straffa dem för deras påståenden. Han är sannerligen vis, allvetande.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Bir de: "Bu hayvanların karınlarındakiler ise sadece erkeklerimiz içindir. Kadınlarımıza haramdır, ama eğer ölü doğarlarsa hepsi bunu yemekte ortaktır." derler. Allah, onların bu vasıflarının cezasını yakında verecektir. Şüphesiz Rabbin hikmet sahibidir, her şeyi hakkıyla bilendir.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
اور وه کہتے ہیں کہ جو چیز ان مواشی کے پیٹ میں ہے وه خالص ہمارے مردوں کے لئے ہے اور ہماری عورتوں پر حرام ہے۔ اور اگر وه مرده ہے تو اس میں سب برابر ہیں[1] ۔ ابھی اللہ ان کو ان کی غلط بیانی کی سزا دیئے دیتا ہے[2] بلاشبہ وه حکمت واﻻ ہے اور وه بڑا علم واﻻ ہے۔
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 Likewise, their idols entice many idolaters to kill their children, in order to lead them to their ruin, and confuse them in their religion. Had God willed, they would not have done it; so leave them to their fraud.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Thus have their (so-called) partners (of Allah) made the killing of their children to seem fair unto many of the idolaters, that they may ruin them and make their faith obscure for them. Had Allah willed (it otherwise), they had not done so. So leave them alone with their devices
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Thus too have their associates made seemly to many of the idolaters the killing of their children, to destroy them, and to obscure for them their religion; but had God pleased they would not have done it, leave them alone and that which they have forged
John Medows Rodwell1861 Thus have the companion-gods induced many of these, who join them with God, to slay their children, that they might ruin them, and throw the cloak of confusion over their religion. But if God had pleased, they had not done this. Therefore, leave them and their devices
George Sale1734 In like manner have their companions induced many of the idolaters to slay their children, that they might bring them to perdition, and that they might render their religion obscure and confused unto them. But if God had pleased, they had not done this: Therefore leave them, and that which they falsely imagine
DIN 31635waqālū hāḏihi ʾanʿāmun waḥarṯun ḥiǧrun lā yaṭʿamuhā ʾillā man našāʾu bizaʿmihim waʾanʿāmun ḥurrimat ẓuhūruhā waʾanʿāmun lā yaḏkurūna sma llāhi ʿalayhā ftirāʾan ʿalayhi sayaǧzīhim bimā kānū yaftarūna
The translators word this verse differently
Talal Itani2012 And they say, "These animals and crops are restricted; none may eat them except those we permit," by their claims, and animals whose backs are forbidden, and animals over which they do not pronounce the name of God-fabricating lies against Him. He will repay them for what they used to invent.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And they say: Such cattle and crops are forbidden. No-one is to eat of them save whom we will - in their make-believe - cattle whose backs are forbidden, cattle over which they mention not the name of Allah. (All that is) a lie against Him. He will repay them for that which they invent
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And they say, 'These cattle and tilth are inviolable; none shall taste thereof, save such as we please' - as they pretend - and there are cattle whose backs are prohibited, and cattle over whom God's name is not pronounced,- forging a lie against Him! He shall reward them for what they have forged
John Medows Rodwell1861 They also say, "These cattle and fruits are sacred: none may taste them but whom we please:" so deem they - "And there are cattle, whose backs should be exempt from labour." And there are cattle over which they do not pronounce the name of God: inventing in all this a lie against Him. For their inventions shall He reward them
George Sale1734 They also say, these cattle and fruits of the earth are sacred; none shall eat thereof but who we please, -- according to their imagination; -- and there are cattle whose backs are forbidden to be rode on, or loaden with burdens; and there are cattle on which they commemorate not the name of God when they slay them, devising a lie against him: God shall reward them for that which they falsely devise
Talal Itani2012 Lost are those who kill their children foolishly, with no basis in knowledge, and forbid what God has provided for them-innovations about God. They have gone astray. They are not guided.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 They are losers who besottedly have slain their children without knowledge, and have forbidden that which Allah bestowed upon them, inventing a lie against Allah. They indeed have gone astray and are not guided
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Losers are they who kill their children foolishly, without knowledge, and who prohibit what God has bestowed upon them, forging a lie against God; they have erred and are not guided
John Medows Rodwell1861 Lost are they who, in their ignorance, have foolishly slain their children, and have forbidden that which God hath given them for food, devising an untruth against God! Now have they erred; and they were not rightly guided
George Sale1734 They are utterly lost who have slain their children foolishly, without knowledge; and have forbidden that which God hath given them for food, devising a lie against God. They have erred, and were not rightly directed
Talal Itani2012 It is He who produces gardens, both cultivated and wild, and date-palms, and crops of diverse tastes, and olives and pomegranates, similar and dissimilar. Eat of its fruit when it yields, and give its due on the day of its harvest, and do not waste. He does not love the wasteful.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 He it is Who produceth gardens trellised and untrellised, and the date-palm, and crops of divers flavour, and the olive and the pomegranate, like and unlike. Eat ye of the fruit thereof when it fruiteth, and pay the due thereof upon the harvest day, and be not prodigal. Lo! Allah loveth not the prodigals
Edward Henry Palmer1880 He it is who brought forth gardens with trailed and untrailed vines, and the palms and corn land, with various food, and olives, and pomegranates, alike and unlike. Eat from the fruit thereof whene'er it fruits, and bring the dues thereof on the day of harvest, and be not extravagant; verily, He loves not the extravagant
John Medows Rodwell1861 He it is who produceth gardens of the vine trellised and untrellised, and the palm trees, and the corn of various food, and olives, and pomegranates, like and unlike. Eat of their fruit when they bear fruit, and pay the due thereof on the day of its ingathering: and be not prodigal, for God loveth not the prodigal
George Sale1734 He it is who produceth gardens of vines, both those which are supported on trails of wood, and those which are not supported, and palm-trees, and the corn affording various food, and olives, and pomegranates, alike and unlike unto one another. Eat of their fruit, when they bear fruit, and pay the due thereof on the day whereon ye shall gather it; but be not profuse, for God loveth not those who are too profuse
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.54 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.64
Talal Itani · George Sale0.64
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.59
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.56
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.55
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.54
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.53
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.52
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.49
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.31
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.