Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
Say, "Produce your witnesses who would testify that God has prohibited this." If they testify, do not testify with them. And do not follow the whims of those who deny Our revelation, and those who do not believe in the Hereafter, and those who equate others with their Lord.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
Say: Come, bring your witnesses who can bear witness that Allahforbade (all) this. And if they bear witness, do not thou bear witness with them. Follow thou not the whims of those who deny Our revelations, those who believe not in the Hereafter and deem (others) equal with their Lord
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
Say, 'Come on then with your witnesses, who bear witness that God has prohibited these!' but if they do bear witness, bear thou not witness with them; nor follow the lust of those who say our signs are lies, and those who do not believe in the lastday, or those who for their Lord makepeers
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
SAY: Bring hither your witnesses who can witness that God hath forbidden these animals; but if they bear witness, witness not thou with them, nor witness to the conceits of those who charge our signs with falsehood, and who believe not in the life to come, and give equals to our Lord
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Say, produce your witnesses, who can bear testimony that God hath forbidden this. But if they bear testimony of this, do not thou bear testimony with them, nor do thou follow the desires of those who accuse our signs of falsehood, and who believe not in the life to come, and equalizeidols with their Lord
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Thuaju: "Sillni dëshmitarët tuaj që dëshmojnë se Allahu i ka ndaluar këto." Nëse ata dëshmojnë, ti mos dëshmo me ta dhe mos ndiq dëshirat e atyre që përgënjeshtrojnë ajetet Tona, që nuk besojnë botën tjetër dhe që barazojnë të tjerë me Zotin e tyre.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
বল: ‘আল্লাহ যে এটা হারাম করেছেন, এ ব্যাপারে যারা সাক্ষ্য দিবে, তাদেরকে হাজির করো।(৩৯) তারা সাক্ষ্য দিলেও, তুমি তাদের সাথে সাক্ষ্য দিবে না।(৪০) আর তুমি তাদের কুপ্রবৃত্তির অনুসরণ করো না, যারা আমার আয়াতসমূহে মিথ্যারোপ করে এবং আখিরাতে ঈমান রাখে না। আর তারাই তাদের রবের সমকক্ষ দাঁড় করায়।’
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Reci: "Dovedite svoje svjedoke koji će posvjedočiti da je Allah to zabranio!" Pa ako oni posvjedoče, ti im nemoj povjerovati i ne povodi se za strastima onih koji Naše ajete i znakove smatraju lažnim i koji u onaj svijet ne vjeruju i koji druge Gospodaru svome ravnim smatraju.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Reci: "Dovedite svoje svjedoke koji će posvjedočiti da je Allah to zabranio!" Pa ako oni posvjedoče, ti im nemoj povjerovati i ne povodi se za strastima onih koji Naše ajete i znakove smatraju lažnim i koji u onaj svijet ne vjeruju i koji druge Gospodaru svome ravnim smatraju.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Maaku : "ngaddee seedeeɓe mon ɓen, ɓe seedaooɓe won de Alla Harminii ɗum ɗoo". Si ɓe ceedike, wata a seedodo e maɓɓe. Wota a jokku mbeleeɗe ɓeen yedduɓe Aayeeje Amen ɗen e ɓen ɓe gooŋɗinaa laakara, kamɓe heɓe cirkana Joomi maɓɓe.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
უთხარი (ო, მოციქულო): «მოიყვანეთ თქვენი მოწმეები, რომლებიც დაამოწმებენ, რომ ალლაჰმა ეს აკრძალა!» და თუ ისინი [მოყვანილი მოწმეები] დაამოწმებენ (ტყუილის თქმით), მაშინ შენ ნუ დაამოწმებ მათთან ერთად და ნუ მიჰყვები იმათ სურვილებს, ვინც უარყვეს ჩვენი ნიშნები და რომლებიც არ ირწმუნებენ მარადიულ ცხოვრებას და ისინი თავიანთ უფალს უთანაბრებენ (სხვებს)!
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Sag: „Bringt eure Zeugen her, die bezeugen, dass Allah dies verboten hat!“ Wenn sie (es) nun bezeugen, dann bezeuge (es) nicht mit ihnen. Und folge nicht den Neigungen derjenigen, die Unsere Zeichen für Lüge erklären und die nicht an das Jenseits glauben und ihrem Herrn (andere) gleichsetzen.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Πες (ω, Προφήτη, στους ειδωλολάτρες που απαγορεύουν αυτά τα βοοειδή που επέτρεψε ο Αλλάχ): «Φέρτε τους μάρτυρες σας που μαρτυρούν ότι ο Αλλάχ έχει απαγορεύσει αυτά.» Εάν μαρτυρούν, μην μαρτυρείς μαζί τους, ούτε να ακολουθείς τις μάταιες επιθυμίες εκείνων που διέψευδαν τα Εδάφια Μας, και που δεν πιστεύουν στη Μέλλουσα Ζωή και εξισώνουν άλλους με τον Κύριό τους (αποδίδοντας εταίρους σ' Αυτόν στη λατρεία).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
आप कह दें कि अपने गवाहों को लाओ[100], जो गवाही दें कि इसे अल्लाह ही ने हराम ठहराया है। फिर यदि वे गवाही दें, तो आप उनकी गवाही को न मानें। और उन लोगों की इच्छाओं पर न चलें, जिन्होंने हमारी आयतों को झुठलाया और जो आख़िरत पर विश्वास नहीं रखते तथा दूसरों को अपने पालनहार का समकक्ष ठहराते हैं।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
Di’: “Portate i vostri testimoni a testimoniare che è stato in verità Allāh a proibire tutto ciò!” Se testimoniano, tu non testimoniare con loro e non seguire i capricci di quelli che smentiscono i Nostri Segni e di quelli che non credono nell’Aldilà, e accomunano altre divinità al loro Dio.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
150. Sakyk: „Atveskite savo liudytojus, kurie gali patvirtinti, kad Allahas uždraudė tai. Tada jei jie patvirtins, netvirtink tu (Muchammedai ﷺ ) su jais. Ir jūs neturėtumėte sekti tuščiais troškimais, tokiais kaip Mūsų Ajat (įrodymų, įkalčių, eilučių, pamokų, ženklų, apreiškimų ir t. t.) laikymą melu ir tokiais kaip netikėjimą Amžinybę, ir jie laiko kitus lygiais (garbinime) savo Viešpačiui.“
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8
Afaan Oromoo · Oromo
Jedhi: "Mee ragoota keessan kan akka Rabbiin waan kana haraama taasise ragaa ba’an fidadhaa, Yoo isaan ragaa ba’an, ati isaan waliin ragaa hin ba’in (ragaa isaaniis hindhuga'oomsin), Fedha lubbuu warra keeyyattoota keenya kijibsiisanii hin hordofin, warra Aakhiraatti hin amanneefi isaan (qaamota biraa) Gooftaa isaanii wajjin wal qixxeessan (hin hordofin)"
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Скажи: «Подайте сюда ваших свидетелей, которые свидетельствуют, что Аллах запретил это». Если же они засвидетельствуют, то не свидетельствуй вместе с ними и не следуй прихотям тех, кто счёл Наши знамения ложью и кто не верует в Последнюю жизнь, приравнивая к своему Господу равных.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Реци: „Доведите своје сведоке који ће да посведоче да је Аллах то забранио!“ Па ако они посведоче, ти немој да им поверујеш и не поводи се за страстима оних који Наше речи и доказе сматрају лажним и који у онај свет не верују и који друге Господару своме у обожавању приближавају.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Sema: Waleteni mashahidi wenu ambao wanashuhudia kuwa Mwenyezi Mungu amewaharamisha hawa. Kwa hivyo, wakishuhudia, basi wewe usishuhudie pamoja nao. Wala usifuate matamanio ya wale waliozikadhibisha Ishara zetu, na ambao hawaamini katika Akhera, nao wanamlinganisha Mola wao Mlezi na wengine.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Säg: ”Hämta era vittnen som kan vittna om att Gud har förbjudit detta!” Om de vittnar, vittna då inte med dem. Och följ inte begären hos de som vägrar tro våra tecken – de som inte tror på det kommande livet och som jämställer andra med sin Herre.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
De ki: “Haydi, Allah'ın bunları haram kıldığına dair şahitlik edecek şahitlerinizi getirin.” Şahitlik ederlerse sakın onlarla beraber şahitlik etme. Ayetlerimizi yalanlayıp, ahirete iman etmeyen ve başkalarını Rablerine denk tutanların heveslerine sakın uyma.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
آپ کہیے کہ اپنے گواہوں کو لاؤ جو اس بات پر شہادت دیں کہ اللہ نے ان چیزوں کو حرام کردیا ہے[1] ، پھر اگر وه گواہی دے دیں تو آپ اس کی شہادت[2] نہ دیجئے اور ایسے لوگوں کے باطل خیاﻻت کا اتباع مت کیجئے! جو ہماری آیتوں کی تکذیب کرتے ہیں اور وه جو آخرت پر ایمان نہیں رکھتے اور وه اپنے رب کے برابر دوسروں کو ٹھہراتے ہیں۔[3]
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Easy-read (simplified)sayaqoolu lladheena ashrakoo law shaa'a llaahu maa ashraknaa walaa aabaa'unaa walaa harramnaa min shay'in kadhaalika kadhdhaba lladheena min qablihim hattaa dhaaqoo ba'sanaa qul hal 'indakum min 'ilmin fatukhrijoohu lanaa in tattabi'oona illaa z-zanna wa'in antum illaa takhrusoon
DIN 31635sayaqūlu llaḏīna ʾašrakū law šāʾa llāhu mā ʾašraknā walā ʾābāʾunā walā ḥarramnā min šayʾin kaḏālika kaḏḏaba llaḏīna min qablihim ḥattā ḏāqū baʾsanā qul hal ʿindakum min ʿilmin fatuḫriǧūhu lanā ʾin tattabiʿūna ʾillā ẓ-ẓanna waʾin ʾantum ʾillā taḫruṣūna
Talal Itani2012 The polytheists will say, "Had God willed, we would not have practiced idolatry, nor would have our forefathers, nor would we have prohibited anything." Likewise those before them lied, until they tasted Our might. Say, "Do you have any knowledge that you can produce for us? You follow nothing but conjecture, and you only guess."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 They who are idolaters will say: Had Allah willed, we had not ascribed (unto Him) partners neither had our fathers, nor had we forbidden aught. Thus did those who were before them give the lie (to Allah's messengers) till they tasted of the fear of Us. Say: Have ye any knowledge that ye can adduce for Us? Lo! ye follow naught but an opinion, Lo! ye do but guess
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Those who associate others with God will say, 'Had God pleased, we had not so associated, nor our fathers; nor should we have forbidden aught.' Thus did they give the lie to those who came before them, until they tasted of our violence! Say, 'Have ye any knowledge? if so, bring it forth to us: ye only follow suspicion, and ye do but conjecture
John Medows Rodwell1861 They who add gods to God will say, "If God had pleased, neither we nor our fathers had given him companions, nor should we have interdicted anything." Thus did they who flourished before them charge with imposture, until they had tasted our severity! SAY: Have ye any knowledge that ye can produce to us? Verily, ye follow only a conceit: ye utter only lies
George Sale1734 The idolaters will say, if God had pleased, we had not been guilty of idolatry, neither our fathers; and pretend that We have not forbidden them any thing. Thus did they who were before them accuse the prophets of imposture, until they tasted our severe punishment. Say, is there with you any certain knowledge of what ye alledge, that ye may produce it unto us? Ye follow only a false imagination; and ye only utter lies
Talal Itani2012 Say, "Come, let me tell you what your Lord has forbidden you: that you associate nothing with Him; that you honor your parents; that you do not kill your children because of poverty-We provide for you and for them; that you do not come near indecencies, whether outward or inward; and that you do not kill the soul which God has sanctified-except in the course of justice. All this He has enjoined upon you, so that you may understand."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Say: Come, I will recite unto you that which your Lord hath made a sacred duty for you: That ye ascribe no thing as partner unto Him and that ye do good to parents, and that ye slay not your children because of penury - We provide for you and for them - and that ye draw not nigh to lewd things whether open or concealed. And that ye slay not the life which Allah hath made sacred, save in the course of justice. This He hath command you, in order that ye may discern
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Say, 'Come! I will recite what your Lord has forbidden you, that ye may not associate aught with Him, and (may show) kindness to your parents, and not kill your children through poverty;- we will provide for you and them;- and draw not nigh to flagrant sins, either apparent or concealed, and kill not the soul, which God hath forbidden save by right; that is what God ordains you, haply ye may understand
John Medows Rodwell1861 SAY: Come, I will rehearse what your Lord hath made binding on you - that ye assign not aught to Him as partner; and that ye be good to your parents; and that ye slay not your children, because of poverty: for them and for you will we provide: and that ye come not near to pollutions, outward or inward: and that ye slay not anyone whom God hath forbidden you, unless for a just cause. This hath he enjoined on you, to the intent that ye may understand
George Sale1734 Say, come; I will rehearse that which your Lord hath forbidden you; that is to say, that ye be not guilty of idolatry, and that ye shew kindness to your parents, and that ye murder not your children for fear lest ye be reduced to poverty: We will provide for you and them; and draw not near unto hainous crimes, neither openly nor in secret; and slay not the soul which God hath forbidden you to slay, unless for a just cause. This hath He injoined you that ye may understand
Talal Itani2012 And do not come near the property of the orphan, except with the best intentions, until he reaches maturity. And give full weight and full measure, equitably. We do not burden any soul beyond its capacity. And when you speak, be fair, even if it concerns a close relative. And fulfill your covenant with God. All this He has enjoined upon you, so that you may take heed.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And approach not the wealth of the orphan save with that which is better, till he reach maturity. Give full measure and full weight, in justice. We task not any soul beyond its scope. And if ye give your word, do justice thereunto, even though it be (against) a kinsman; and fulfil the covenant of Allah. This He commandeth you that haply ye may remember
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And draw not nigh unto the wealth of the orphan, save so as to better it, until he reaches full age; and give weight and measure with justice. We do not compel the soul save what it can compass; and when ye pronounce, then be just, though it be in the case of a relative
John Medows Rodwell1861 And come not nigh to the substance of the orphan, but to improve it, until he come of age: and use a full measure, and a just balance: We will not task a soul beyond its ability. And when ye give judgment, observe justice, even though it be the affair of a kinsman, and fulfil the covenant of God. This hath God enjoined you for your monition
George Sale1734 And meddle not with the substance of the orphan, otherwise than for the improving thereof, until he attain his age of strength; and use a full measure, and a just balance. We will not impose a task on any soul, beyond its ability. And when ye pronounce judgement observe justice, although it be for or against one who is near of kin, and fulfill the covenant of God. This hath God commanded you, that ye may be admonished
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.53 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.65
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.59
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.56
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.56
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.55
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.53
Talal Itani · George Sale0.53
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.51
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.43
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.38
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.