Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
This too is a Scripture that We revealed-blessed-verifying what preceded it, that you may warn the Mother of Cities and all around it. Those who believe in the Hereafter believe in it, and are dedicated to their prayers.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
And this is a blessed Scripture which We have revealed, confirming that which (was revealed) before it, that thou mayst warn the Mother of Villages and those around her. Those who believe in the Hereafter believe herein, and they are careful of their worship
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
This is the Book which we have revealed, a blessing and a confirmation to those which were before it, and that the mother of cities may be warned, with those who are round about her. Those who believe in the lastday believe therein, and they unto their prayers will keep
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
And this Book which we have sent down is blessed, confirming that which was before it; and in order that thou mightest warn the mother-city and those who dwell round about it. They who believe in the nextlife will believe in It, and will keep strictly to their Prayers
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
And this is a Book which We have revealed, full of blessings, to fulfill that which preceded it, and to enable thee to warn the Mother of towns and those around her. And those, who believe in the Hereafter, believe therein and they strictly observe their Prayers
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Ky është një Libër i bekuar që e kemi zbritur për të vërtetuar atë që ishte më parë dhe për të paralajmëruar qytetin mëmë (Mekën) dhe ata që janë përreth saj. Ata që besojnë në botën tjetër, besojnë edhe në këtë (Kuran) dhe janë të kujdesshëm ndaj namazit të tyre.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
আর এটি বরকতময় কিতাব, যা আমি নাযিল করেছি। এটি তার পূর্বের সব কিতাবের সত্যায়নকারী এবং এর দ্বারা যেন তুমি মক্কা ও তার চারপাশের মানুষদেরকে সতর্ক করতে পারো। আর যারা আখিরাতের ওপর ঈমান রাখে, তারা এ কিতাবের প্রতিও ঈমান রাখে এবং তারা তাদের সালাতের হিফাযত করে।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
A ova Knjiga, koju objavljujemo, blagoslovljena je, ona potvrđuje one prije nje i da upozoriš Mekku – Majku naselja i sve oko nje. A oni koji u onaj svijet vjeruju – vjeruju i u nju i o namazima svojim brinu.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
A ova Knjiga, koju objavljujemo, blagoslovljena je, ona potvrđuje one prije nje i da upozoriš Meku – Majku naselja i sve oko nje. A oni koji u onaj svijet vjeruju – vjeruju i u nju i o molitvama svojim brinu.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Ndee ɗoo ko deftere nde min njppini : barkinaande, gooŋɗinde ko woni yeesi mayre, e fii yo a waajor nde yimɓe Makka ɓee e ɓen won ɓe takko ɗoon. Ɓen gooŋɗinɓe laakara, hino ngooŋini nde, kamɓe heɓe ndeenoo e juulde maɓɓe nde.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
და ეს არის წიგნი, რომელიც ჩვენ ჩამოგივლინეთ შენ (ო, მუჰამმად) — დალოცვილი; იგი ადასტურებს იმას, რაც მის წინ იყო ჩამოვლენილი [წინა წერილებს], და (ჩამოვლენილია) იმისთვის, რომ გააფრთხილო ქალაქთა დედა [მექქა] და ისინი, ვინც მის ირგვლივ არიან. და ისინი, ვინც ირწმუნებენ მარადიულ ცხოვრებას, ირწმუნებენ მას და თავიანთ ლოცვას [გულმოდგინედ] დაიცავენ.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Und das ist ein Buch, das Wir hinabgesandt haben; ein gesegnetes (Buch), das bestätigend, was vor ihm war, und damit du die Mutter der Städte (also Makkah) und die um ihr herum (Wohnenden) warnst. Und diejenigen, die an das Jenseits glauben, glauben (auch) daran, und sie halten ihr Gebet ein.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Και αυτό (το Κορ’άν) είναι ένα Βιβλίο που το στείλαμε, (το οποίο είναι) ευλογημένο, και επικυρώνει (τα Βιβλία) που ήλθαν πριν απ’ αυτό. (Το οποίο στείλαμε) για να προειδοποιήσεις τη μητέρα των κωμοπόλεων (τη Μάκκα) και αυτές που είναι γύρω της. Αυτοί που πιστεύουν στη Μέλλουσα Ζωή, πιστεύουν σ’ αυτό (το Κορ’άν) και τηρούν τις προσευχές τους (στις καθορισμένες ώρες τους).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
तथा यह (क़ुरआन) एक पुस्तक है, जिसे हमने उतारा है, बड़ी बरकत वाली है, उसकी पुष्टि करने वाली है जो उससे पहले है, और ताकि आप बस्तियों के केंद्र (मक्का) तथा उसके चारों ओर के लोगों को डराएँ[61], तथा जो लोग आख़िरत पर ईमान रखते हैं, वे इसपर ईमान लाते हैं और वे अपनी नमाज़ों की रक्षा[62] करते हैं।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
E questo è un Libro benedetto, che abbiamo fatto scendere a conferma di quello che lo ha preceduto, e per avvertire «La Madre delle Città» (La Mekkah أُمَّ الْقُرَى مَكَّةَ المُكَرَّمَةُ) e quelli che sono nei dintorni. E quelli che credono nell’Ultimo Giorno, credono in esso e sono assidui nelle loro preghiere.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
92. Ir tai (Koranas) yra palaiminta Knyga, kurią Mes nuleidome, patvirtinanti (apreiškimus), kas atėjo iki to, tam, kad jūs perspėtumėte Miestų Motiną (t. y. Mekką) ir visus aplink ją. Tie, kurie tiki Amžinybę, tiki jį (Koraną) ir jie yra ištikimi saugodami savo Salat (maldas).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8
Afaan Oromoo · Oromo
(qur'aanni) kuni kitaaba nuti isa buufne kan barakaa qabu kan (kitaabota) isa duraa dhugoomsu, (jiraattota) haadha magaalotaa (Makkaa)fi namoota naannoo ishee jiran akka ittiin dinniinuuf. Warri Aakhiratti amanan isatti ni amanu. isaan salaata isaanii irratti tikfatoodha.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Это Писание, которое Мы ниспослали тебе, — благословенно, оно подтверждает истинность того, что было до него, и [ниспослано] для того, чтобы ты предостерёг Мать городов и тех, кто вокруг неё. Те, кто веруют в Последнюю жизнь, — они веруют в него, и они оберегают свои молитвы.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
А ова Књига, коју објављујемо, благословљена је, она потврђује оне пре ње и да упозориш Мекку мајку градова и све око ње. А они који у Будући свет верују - верују и у њу и о молитвама својим брину.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Na hiki ni Kitabu tulichokiteremsha, kilichobarikiwa, chenye kusadikisha yale yaliyokitangulia, na ili uuonye Mama wa Miji na wale walio pembezoni mwake. Na wale wanaoiamini Akhera wanakiamini, nao wanazihifadhi Swala zao.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Och detta är en välsignad skrift som vi har uppenbarat, i bekräftelse av det som kom före den, och för att du ska varna dem i den centrala staden och dem runt omkring den. De som tror på det kommande livet tror på den, och de slår vakt om bönen.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
İşte bu (Kur’an) da, bereket kaynağı, kendinden öncekileri (ilâhî kitapları) tasdik eden ve şehirler anasını (Mekke’yi) ve bütün çevresini (tüm insanlığı) uyarasın diye indirdiğimiz bir kitaptır. Ahirete iman edenler, ona iman eder ve onlar namazlarına da devam ederler.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
اور یہ بھی ایسی ہی کتاب ہے جس کو ہم نے نازل کیا ہے جو بڑی برکت والی ہے، اپنے سے پہلی کتابوں کی تصدیق کرنے والی ہے اور تاکہ آپ مکہ والوں کو اور آس پاس والوں کو ڈرائیں۔ اور جو لوگ آخرت کا یقین رکھتے ہیں ایسے لوگ اس پر ایمان لے آتے ہیں اور وه اپنی نماز پر مداومت رکھتے ہیں۔
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Easy-read (simplified)oolaa'ika lladheena hadaa llaahu fabihudaahumu qtadih qul laa as'alukum 'alayhi ajran in huwa illaa dhikraa lil'aalameen
DIN 31635ʾūlāʾika llaḏīna hadā llāhu fabihudāhumu qtadih qul lā ʾasʾalukum ʿalayhi ʾaǧran ʾin huwa ʾillā ḏikrā lilʿālamīna
The translators word this verse differently
Talal Itani2012 Those are they whom God has guided, so follow their guidance. Say, "I ask of you no compensation for it; it is just a reminder for all mankind."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Those are they whom Allah guideth, so follow their guidance. Say (O Muhammad, unto mankind): I ask of you no fee for it. Lo! it is naught but a Reminder to (His) creatures
Edward Henry Palmer1880 It is these that God hath guided, and by their guidance be thou led. Say, 'I will not ask you for it a hire: it is naught save a reminder to the worlds
John Medows Rodwell1861 These are they whom God hath guided: follow therefore their guidance. SAY: No pay do I ask of you for this: Verily it is no other than the teaching for all creatures
George Sale1734 These it is whom God guide aright, so follow thou their guidance. Say, 'I ask not of you any reward for it. This is naught but an admonition for all mankind
Talal Itani2012 They do not value God as He should be valued, when they say, "God did not reveal anything to any human being." Say, "Who revealed the Scripture which Moses brought-a light and guidance for humanity?" You put it on scrolls, displaying them, yet concealing much. And you were taught what you did not know-neither you, nor your ancestors. Say, "God;" then leave them toying away in their speculation.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And they measure not the power of Allah its true measure when they say: Allah hath naught revealed unto a human being. Say (unto the Jews who speak thus): Who revealed the Book which Moses brought, a light and guidance for mankind, which ye have put on parchments which ye show, but ye hide much (thereof), and (by which) ye were taught that which ye knew not yourselves nor (did) your fathers (know it)? Say: Allah. Then leave them to their play of cavilling
Edward Henry Palmer1880 They do not prize God at His true worth when they say, 'God has never revealed to mortal anything.' Say, 'Who revealed the Book wherewith Moses came, a light and a guidance unto men? Ye put it on papers which ye show, though ye hide much; and ye are taught what ye knew not, neither you nor your fathers.' Say, 'God,' then leave them in their discussion to play
John Medows Rodwell1861 No just estimate do they form of God when they say, "Nothing hath God sent down to man." SAY: Who sent down the Book which Moses brought, a light and guidance to man, which ye set down on paper, publishing part, but concealing most: though ye have now been taught that which neither ye nor your fathers knew? SAY: It is God: then leave them in their pastime of cavillings
George Sale1734 And they do not make a just estimate of the attributes of God, when they say, 'God has not revealed anything to any man. Say, 'Who revealed the Book which Moses brought, a light and a guidance for the people -- though you treat it as scrapes of paper, some of which you show while you hide much thereof and you have been taught that which neither you nor your fathers knew?' Say, 'God.' Then leave them to amuse themselves with idle talk
Talal Itani2012 Who does greater wrong than someone who invents falsehood against God, or says, "It was revealed to me," when nothing was revealed to him, or says, "I will reveal the like of what God revealed"? If only you could see the wrongdoers in the floods of death, as the angels with arms outstretched: "Give up your souls. Today you are being repaid with the torment of shame for having said about God other than the truth, and for being too proud to accept His revelations."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Who is guilty of more wrong than he who forgeth a lie against Allah, or saith: I am inspired, when he is not inspired in aught; and who saith: I will reveal the like of that which Allah hath revealed? If thou couldst see, when the wrong-doers reach the pangs of death and the angels stretch their hands out (saying): Deliver up your souls. This day ye are awarded doom of degradation for that ye spake concerning Allah other than the truth, and used to scorn His portents
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Who is more unjust than he who devises against God a lie, or says, 'I am inspired,' when he was not inspired at all? and who says, 'I will bring down the like of what God has sent down;' but didst thou see when the unjust are in the floods of death, and the angels stretch forth their hands, 'Give ye forth your souls; today shall ye be recompensed with the torment of disgrace, for that ye did say against God what was not true, and were too proud to hear His signs
John Medows Rodwell1861 But is any more wicked than he who deviseth a lie of God, or saith, "I have had a revelation," when nothing was revealed to him? And who saith, "I can bring down a book like that which God hath sent down"? But couldst thou see when the ungodly are in the floods of death, and the angels reach forth their hands, saying, "Yield up your souls: - this day shall ye be recompensed with a humiliating punishment for your untrue sayings about God, and for proudly rejecting his signs
George Sale1734 And who is more unjust than he who forges a lie against God, or says, 'It has been revealed to me,' while nothing has been revealed to him; and who says, 'I will sent down the like of that which God has sent down?' And if thou couldst only see, when the wrongdoers are in the agonies of death, and the angels stretch forth their hands, saying, 'Yield up your souls. This day shall you be awarded the punishment of disgrace because of that which you spoke against God falsely and because you turned away from His Signs with disdain
Talal Itani2012 "You have come to Us individually, just as We created you the first time, leaving behind you everything We gave you. We do not see with you your intercessors-those you claimed were your partners. The link between you is cut, and what you had asserted has failed you."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Now have ye come unto Us solitary as We did create you at the first, and ye have left behind you all that We bestowed upon you, and We behold not with you those your intercessors, of whom ye claimed that they possessed a share in you. Now is the bond between you severed, and that which ye presumed hath failed you
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And ye come now single-handed as we created you at first, and ye have left behind your backs that which we granted you; and we see not with you your intercessors whom ye pretended were partners amongst you; betwixt you have the ties been cut asunder; and strayed away from you is what ye did pretend
John Medows Rodwell1861 And now are ye come back to us, alone, as we created you at first, and ye leave behind you the good things which we had given you, and we see not with you your intercessors whom ye regarded as the companions of God among you. There is a severance between you now, and those whom ye regarded as partners with God have deserted you
George Sale1734 And now you come to Us one by one even as We create you at first, and you have left behind your backs that which We bestowed upon you, and We do not see with you your intercessors of whom you asserted that they were partners with God in your affairs. Now you have been cut off from one another and that which you asserted has failed you
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.57 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.69
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.60
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.60
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.59
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.57
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.56
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.55
Talal Itani · George Sale0.53
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.52
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.52
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.