7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.
Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
Have they not seen the birds above them, spreading their wings, and folding them? None holds them except the Compassionate. He is Perceiver of everything.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
Have they not seen the birds above them spreading out their wings and closing them? Naught upholdeth them save the Beneficent. Lo! He is Seer of all things
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
Or have they not looked at the birds above them expanding their wings or closing them? - none holds them in except the Merciful One; for He on everything doth look
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Behold they not the birds over their heads, outstretching and drawing in their wings? None, save the God of Mercy, upholdeth them: for he regardeth all things
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Do they not behold the birds above them, extending and drawing back their wings? None sustaineth them, except the Merciful; for He regardeth all things
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
A nuk i shohin shpendët sipër tyre se si i hapin e i mbyllin krahët? Ata i mban vetëm i Gjithëmëshirshmi. Vërtet, Ai sheh çdo gjë.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
তারা কি তাদের ওপর উড্ডয়নরত পাখিদের দিকে লক্ষ্য করে না, যারা কখনো ডানা প্রসারিত করে, আবার কখনো গুটিয়ে নেয়? পরম করুণাময় ছাড়া আর কেউই তাদেরকে (আকাশে) ধরে রাখেন না। নিশ্চয়ই তিনি সবকিছু সম্যক দ্রষ্টা।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Zar oni ne vide ptice iznad sebe kako raširenih krila lete, a i skupljaju ih? Samo ih Svemilosni drži; On, zaista, sve dobro vidi.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Zar oni ne vide ptice iznad sebe kako raširenih krila lete, a i skupljaju ih? Samo ih Svemilosni drži; On, zaista, sve dobro vidi.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
E ɓee nji'aani colli ɗiin dow maɓɓe, hiɗi fonta gabitannji ɗi ñobba? [Won'de] jogitaaki ɗin si wonaa Joom hinaraŋke on. Pellet, ko o deenɗo kala hu'unde.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
ნუთუ ისინი (ურწმუნოები) ვერ ხედავენ თავიანთ ზემოთ მფრინავ ფრინველებს, რომლებიც (ფრენისას) შლიან ფრთებს და შემდეგ კეცავენ? ვერავინ აკავებს მათ (ჰაერში), გარდა მოწყალისა. ჭეშმარიტად, ის ყოველივე არსებულს ხედავს!
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Haben sie denn nicht die Vögel über ihnen gesehen, wie sie ihre Flügel ausgebreitet halten und einziehen? Nur der Allerbarmer hält sie. Wahrlich, Er ist über alles sehend.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Μα δε βλέπουν από πάνω τους τα πουλιά που ανοίγουν τα φτερά τους και μετά τα μαζεύουν; Κανείς δεν τα κρατά (ψηλά από το να πέσουν στη γη) παρά ο Αρ-Ραχμάν (Παντελεήμονας). Στ’ αλήθεια Αυτός είναι που βλέπει τα πάντα.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
क्या उन्होंने अपने ऊपर पंख फैलाते तथा समेटते हुए पक्षियों को नहीं देखे? अत्यंत दयावान् के सिवा कोई उन्हें थाम नहीं रहा होता। निःसंदेह वह प्रत्येक चीज़ को खूब देखने वाला है।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
Non hanno forse visto sopra di loro gli uccelli stendere e ripiegare le ali? Non li sorregge se non il Misericordioso: in verità Lui è Osservatore di ogni cosa.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
19. Argi jie nemato paukščių virš savęs, išskleistais sparnais ir (kartais) suglaustais? Niekas nelaiko jų (aukštai), išskyrus Maloningiausiąjį. Iš tiesų, Jis yra Visa Matantis.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8
Afaan Oromoo · Oromo
Sila gara simbirroota gubbaa isaaniitti koola (goflaa) (qoochoo) isaanii babal'isanii walitti dachaasanii hin ilaalanuu? Rahmaaniin malee homtuu isaan hin qabu. Inni waan hunda argaadha.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Разве они не видят птиц над собой, распростёрших и складывающих крылья? Не удерживает их никто, кроме Всемилостивого. Воистину, Он видит всё сущее.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Зар они не виде птице изнад себе како лете раширених крила, а и скупљају их? Само их Свемилосни држи; Он, заиста, све добро види.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Kwani hawawaoni ndege walioko juu yao namna wanavyozikunjua mbawa zao, na kuzikunja? Hawashikilii ila Mwingi wa rehema. Hakika Yeye ni Mwenye kuona mno kila kitu.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Har de inte sett fåglarna ovanför sig, hur de breder ut sina vingar och drar in dem? Ingen annan än den Nåderike håller dem uppe; han har förvisso full insikt i allting.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Üstlerinde kanatlarını açarak ve kapayarak uçan kuşları görmediler mi? Onları Rahman'dan başkası tutmuyor. Doğrusu O, her şeyi görendir.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
کیا یہ اپنے اوپر پر کھولے ہوئے اور (کبھی کبھی) سمیٹے ہوئے (اڑنے والے) پرندوں کو نہیں دیکھتے[1] ، انہیں (اللہ) رحمٰن ہی (ہوا وفضا میں) تھامے ہوئے ہے[2]۔ بیشک ہر چیز اس کی نگاه میں ہے.
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Easy-read (simplified)am amintum man fee s-samaa'i an yursila 'alaykum haasiban fasata'lamoona kayfa nadheer
DIN 31635ʾam ʾamintum man fī s-samāʾi ʾan yursila ʿalaykum ḥāṣiban fasataʿlamūna kayfa naḏīri
Talal Itani2012 Or are you confident that the One in Heaven will not unleash against you a violent storm? Then you will know what My warning is like.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Or have ye taken security from Him Who is in the heaven that He will not let loose on you a hurricane? But ye shall know the manner of My warning
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Or are ye sure that He who is in the heaven will not send against you a heavy sand storm, and that ye then shall know how the warning was
John Medows Rodwell1861 Or are ye sure that He who is in Heaven will not send against you a stone-charged whirlwind? Then shall ye know what my warning meant
George Sale1734 Or are ye secure that He who dwelleth in heaven will not send against you an impetuous whirlwind, driving the sands to overwhelm you? Then shall ye know how important my warning was
Easy-read (simplified)amman haadhaa lladhee huwa jundun lakum yansurukum min dooni r-rahmaani ini l-kaafiroona illaa fee ghuroor
DIN 31635ʾamman hāḏā llaḏī huwa ǧundun lakum yanṣurukum min dūni r-raḥmāni ʾini l-kāfirūna ʾillā fī ġurūrin
The translators word this verse differently
Talal Itani2012 Or who is this who is a force for you to protect you against the Compassionate? The disbelievers are in nothing but delusion.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Or who is he that will be an army unto you to help you instead of the Beneficent? The disbelievers are in naught but illusion
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Or who is this who will be a host for you, to help you against the Merciful?- the misbelievers are only in delusion
John Medows Rodwell1861 Who is he that can be as an army to you, to succour you, except the God of Mercy? Truly, the infidels are in the merest delusion
George Sale1734 Or who is he that will be as an army unto you, to defend you against the Merciful? Verily the unbelievers are in no other than a mistake
Easy-read (simplified)amman haadhaa lladhee yarzuqukum in amsaka rizqahu bal lajjoo fee 'utuwwin wanufoor
DIN 31635ʾamman hāḏā llaḏī yarzuqukum ʾin ʾamsaka rizqahu bal laǧǧū fī ʿutuwwin wanufūrin
Talal Itani2012 Or who is this that will provide for you, if He withholds His provision? Yet they persist in defiance and aversion.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Or who is he that will provide for you if He should withhold His providence? Nay, but they are set in pride and frowardness
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Or who is this who will provide you if He hold back His provision? - Nay, but they persist in perverseness and aversion
John Medows Rodwell1861 Or who is he that will furnish you supplies, if He withhold His supplies? Yet do they persist in pride and in fleeing from Him
George Sale1734 Or who is he that will give you food, if He withholdeth his provision? Yet they persist in perverseness, and flying from the truth
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.63 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.72
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.72
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.69
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.67
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.64
Talal Itani · George Sale0.64
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.61
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.59
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.53
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.50
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.