Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
In his absence, the people of Moses adopted a calf made from their ornaments-a body which lowed. Did they not see that it could not speak to them, nor guide them in any way? They took it for worship. They were in the wrong.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
And the folk of Moses, after (he left them), chose a calf (for worship), (made) out of their ornaments, of saffronhue, which gave a lowing sound. Saw they not that it spake not unto them nor guided them to any way? They chose it, and became wrong-doers
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
And Moses' people after him took to themselves of their ornaments a corporeal calf that lowed; did they not see that it could not speak with them, nor could it guide them in the path? They took it and they were unjust
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
And the people of Moses took during his absence a calf made of their ornaments, and ruddylikegold, and lowing. Saw they not that it could not speak to them, nor guide them in the way? Yet they took if for a God and became offenders
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
And the people of Moses made, in his absence, out of their ornaments, a calf -- a lifeless body, producing a lowing sound. Did they not see that it spoke not to them, nor guided them to any way? They took it for worship and they were transgressors
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Populli i Musait, në mungesë të tij, nisën të adhurojnë një trup viçi që bënë nga stolitë e tyre, i cili lëshonte një pëllitje. A nuk e shihnin se ai as u fliste e as i përudhte në rrugë të drejtë? Megjithatë, ata e morën atë për adhurim dhe u bënë zullumqarë.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
আর মূসার সম্প্রদায় তার অনুপস্থিতিতে নিজেদের অলংকারাদি দিয়ে একটি গো-বাছুরের দেহাবয়ব তৈরি করল, যার থেকে 'হাম্বা’ ধ্বনি বের হতো। তারা কি দেখেনি যে, এটা তাদের সাথে কথা বলে না এবং তাদেরকে পথও দেখায় না? তারা এটাকে গ্রহণ করল আর তারা ছিল যালিম।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
I narod Musaov, poslije odlaska njegova, izradi od nakita svoga kip teleta koje je rikalo i koje za božanstvo prihvati. Zar nisu vidjeli da im ono ne govori i da ih putem pravim ne vodi? Oni ga prihvatiše i nepravedni postaše.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
I narod Mojsijev, poslije odlaska njegova, izradi od nakita svoga kip teleta koje je rikalo i koje za božanstvo prihvati. Zar nisu vidjeli da im ono ne govori i da ih putem pravim ne vodi? Oni ga prihvatiše i nepravedni postaše.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Yimɓe Muusa ɓeen njogitii ɓaawo makko cuɗaari maɓɓe ndin ngaari ɓanndinnke, hindi mari nuunaango=kuunaali. E ɓe nji'aani won de ndi yewtidataa e maɓɓe ndi fewntanaa ɓe kadi e laawol? Ɓe njogitike ndii [ngaari reweteendi], ɓe laatii tooñooɓe.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
და დაიდგინეს მუსას ხალხმა მის შემდეგ თავიანთი სამკაულებიდან [ოქროდან] ხბო (რომ თაყვანი ეცათ მისთვის), რომელსაც ჰქონდა (ხბოს) ფორმა, და იგი გამოსცემდა ხმას, როგორც ძროხის ბღავილი. ნუთუ არ იცოდნენ, რომ იგი [ოქროს ხბო] არც ელაპარაკებოდა მათ და არც მიუთითებდა მათ ჭეშმარიტ გზას? მათ დაიდგინეს იგი (ღმერთად) და აღმოჩნდნენ უსამართლონი (თავიანთი თავის მიმართ).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Und das Volk Musas nahm sich, nachdem er (weggegangen) war, aus ihren Schmucksachen (verfertigt) ein Kalb als Leib, der blökte. Haben sie denn nicht gesehen, dass es nicht zu ihnen spricht und sie nicht den rechten Weg leitet? Sie nahmen es sich (als angebetete Götze) und waren Ungerechte.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Εν απουσία του (Μωυσή, αφού έφυγε για τις σαράντα νύχτες), οι άνθρωποι του λαού του Μωυσή πήραν για λατρεία ένα άγαλμα ενός μοσχαριού φτιαγμένο από τα κοσμήματά τους, το οποίο (άγαλμα) ήταν ένα σώμα που (δεν είχε ψυχή, και) είχε έναν χαμηλό ήχο. Δεν έβλεπαν ότι δεν μπορούσε ούτε να τους μιλήσει, ούτε να τους καθοδηγήσει σε κάποιο καλό δρόμο; Ωστόσο, το πήραν για λατρεία και ήταν άδικοι.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
और मूसा की जाति ने उसके (पर्वत पर जाने के) पश्चात् अपने ज़ेवरों से एक बछड़ा बना लिया, जो एक शरीर था, जिसकी गाय जैसी आवाज़ थी। क्या उन्होंने यह नहीं देखा कि वह न तो उनसे बात करता[50] है और न उन्हें कोई राह दिखाता है? उन्होंने उसे (पूज्य) बना लिया तथा वे अत्याचारी थे।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
E il popolo di Mūsā prese, in sua assenza, un idolo di vitello, che emetteva un muggito. Non vedevano che esso non parlava loro e non li guidava su nessun sentiero? Lo avevano preso per loro idolo e furono ingiusti.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
148. Ir Mūsos (Mozės) žmonės, jam nebūnant, pagamino iš savo puošmenų veršiuko atvaizdą (garbinimui). Jis turėjo garsą (taip, lyg mūktų). Argi jie nematė, kad jis negali nei kalbėti jiems, nei vesti juos keliu? Jie pasirinko jį (garbinimui) ir jie buvo Zalimūn (nusidėjėliai).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8
Afaan Oromoo · Oromo
Ummanni Muusaa (deemsa) isaa booda faaya isaanii irraa jibicha qaama (lubbuu hinqabne) tolfatan, kan sagaleen (akka koqiinsaa) isaaf taate. Sila akka inni isaanitti hin dubbanneefi gara karaa (sirriis) isaan hin qajeelchine hin arganii? (Gabbaramaa) isa godhatan; miidhaa hojjattoota ta’an. [28]
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Народ Мусы после него сделал тельца из своих украшений — изваяние, издававшее мычание. Неужели они не видели, что он не говорит с ними и не наставляет их на путь? Они избрали его [божеством] и были несправедливы.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
И народ Мојсијев, после његовог одласка, изради од свог накита кип телета које је рикало и које су за божанство прихватили. Зар нису видели да им оно не говори и да их правим путем не води? Они га прихватише и посташе неправедници.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Na kaumu ya Musa wakamfanya baada yake kutoka katika mapambo yao ndama mwenye kiwiliwili, mwenye kutoa mlio wa ng'ombe. Kwani hawakuona kuwa hawasemeshi wala hawaongoi njia yoyote? Walimchukua (kumuabudu), na wakawa madhalimu.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Medan Mose var borta tillverkade hans folk en skulptur av sina smycken, i form av en kalv, som gav ifrån sig ett bölande ljud. Insåg de inte att den varken kunde tala till dem eller vägleda dem? De gjorde den till sin [avgud] och begick därmed en allvarlig orätt.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Mûsâ ’nın kavmi, onun ardından süs eşyalarından (yapılmış) böğüren bir buzağı heykelini ilah edindiler. Onun kendileriyle konuşmadığını ve onlara bir yol göstermediğini görmüyorlar mı? Onu (ilah) edindiler ve böylece zalimlerden oldular.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
اور موسیٰ (علیہ السلام) کی قوم نے ان کے بعد اپنے زیوروں کا ایک بچھڑا معبود ٹھہرا لیا جو کہ ایک قالب تھا جس میں ایک آواز تھی۔ کیا انہوں نے یہ نہ دیکھا کہ وه ان سے بات نہیں کرتا تھا اور نہ ان کو کوئی راه بتلاتا تھا اس کو انہوں نے معبود قرار دیا اور بڑی بے انصافی کا کام کیا۔[1]
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 I will turn away from My revelations those who behave proudly on earth without justification. Even if they see every sign, they will not believe in it; and if they see the path of rectitude, they will not adopt it for a path; and if they see the path of error, they will adopt it for a path. That is because they denied Our revelations, and paid no attention to them.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 I shall turn away from My revelations those who magnify themselves wrongfully in the earth, and if they see each token believe it not, and if they see the way of righteousness choose it nor for (their) way, and if they see the way of error choose if for (their) way. That is because they deny Our revelations and are used to disregard them
Edward Henry Palmer1880 I will turn from my signs those who are big with pride in the earth without right; and if they see every sign they shall not believe therein, and if they see the path of rectitude they shall not take it for a path; but if they see the path of error they shall take it for a path; - that is because they have said our signs are lies and have been careless of them
John Medows Rodwell1861 The unjustly proud ones of the earth will I turn aside from my signs, for even if they see every sign they will not believe them; and if they see the path of uprightness, they will not take it for their path, but if they see the path of error, for their path will they take it. This, - for that they treated our signs as lies, and were heedless of them
George Sale1734 I shall soon turn away from My Signs those who behave proudly in the land in an unjust manner; and even if they see all the Signs, they will not believe therein; and if they see the way of righteousness, they will not adopt it as their way; but if they see the way of error, they will adopt it as their way. That is because they treated Our Signs as lies and were heedless of them
Easy-read (simplified)walladheena kadhdhaboo bi'aayaatinaa waliqaa'i l-'aakhirati habitat a'maaluhum hal yujzawna illaa maa kaanoo ya'maloon
DIN 31635wallaḏīna kaḏḏabū biʾāyātinā waliqāʾi l-ʾāḫirati ḥabiṭat ʾaʿmāluhum hal yuǧzawna ʾillā mā kānū yaʿmalūna
Talal Itani2012 Those who deny Our revelations and the meeting of the Hereafter-their deeds will come to nothing. Will they be repaid except according to what they used to do?
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Those who deny Our revelations and the meeting of the Hereafter, their works are fruitless. Are they requited aught save what they used to do
Edward Henry Palmer1880 But those who say our signs and the meeting of the last day are lies,-- vain are their works: shall they be rewarded save for that which they have done
John Medows Rodwell1861 Vain will be the works of those who treated our signs, and the meeting of the life to come, as lies! Shall they be rewarded but as they have wrought
George Sale1734 And those who reject Our Signs and the meeting of the Hereafter -- their works are vain. Can they expect to be rewarded for anything except for what they do
Easy-read (simplified)walammaa suqita fee aydeehim wara'aw annahum qad dalloo qaaloo la'in lam yarhamnaa rabbunaa wayaghfir lanaa lanakoonanna mina l-khaasireen
DIN 31635walammā suqiṭa fī ʾaydīhim waraʾaw ʾannahum qad ḍallū qālū laʾin lam yarḥamnā rabbunā wayaġfir lanā lanakūnanna mina l-ḫāsirīna
Talal Itani2012 Then, when they regretted, and realized that they had erred, they said, "Unless our Lord extends His mercy to us, and forgives us, we will be among the losers."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And when they feared the consequences thereof and saw that they had gone astray, they said: Unless our Lord have mercy on us and forgive us, we verily are of the lost
Edward Henry Palmer1880 but when they bit their hands with fruitless rage and saw that they had gone astray, they said,' Verily, if our Lord have not compassion on us and forgive us we shall surely be of those who lose
John Medows Rodwell1861 But when they repented, and saw that they had erred, they said, Truly if our Lord have not mercy on us, and forgive us, we shall surely be of those who perish
George Sale1734 And when they were smitten with remorse and saw that they had indeed gone astray, they said, 'If our Lord have not mercy on us and forgive us, we shall surely be of the losers
Talal Itani2012 And when Moses returned to his people, angry and disappointed, he said, "What an awful thing you did in my absence. Did you forsake the commandments of your Lord so hastily?" And he threw down the tablets; and he took hold of his brother's head, dragging him towards himself. He said, "Son of my mother, the people have overpowered me, and were about to kill me; so do not allow the enemies to gloat over me, and do not count me among the unjust people."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And when Moses returned unto his people, angry and grieved, he said: Evil is that (course) which ye took after I had left you. Would ye hasten on the judgment of your Lord? And he cast down the tablets, and he seized his brother by the head, dragging him toward him. He said: Son of my mother! Lo! the folk did judge me weak and almost killed me. Oh, make not mine enemies to triumph over me and place me not among the evil-doers
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And when Moses returned unto his people angry and grieved, he said, 'Evil is it that ye have done after me! Would ye hasten on the bidding of your Lord?' and he threw down the tablets and took his brother by the head to drag him towards him, but he said, 'O son of my mother! verily, the people weakened me and well-nigh killed me; make not then mine enemies glad about me, and put me not with the unjust people
John Medows Rodwell1861 And when Moses returned to his people, wrathful, angered, he said, "Evil is it that ye have done next upon my departure. Would ye hasten on the judgments of your Lord?" And he threw down the tables, and seized his brother by the head and dragged him unto him. Said he, "Son of my mother! the people thought me weak, and had well nigh slain me. Make not mine enemies to rejoice over me, and place me not among the wrong doers
George Sale1734 And when Moses returned to his people, indignant and grieved, he said, 'Evil is that which you did in my place in my absence. Did you hasten to devise a way for yourselves without waiting for the command of your Lord?' And he put down the tablet and seized his brother by the head, dragging him towards himself. Aaron said, 'Son of my mother, the people indeed deemed me weak, and were about to kill me. Therefore make not the enemies rejoice over my misfortune and place me not with the unjust people
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.55 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.73
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.62
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.61
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.59
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.59
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.54
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.52
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.49
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.48
Talal Itani · George Sale0.38
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
Sources, editions and licences for everything above
ReceiptsSource fact
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.