Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
"My Lord, You have given me some authority, and taught me some interpretation of events. Initiator of the heavens and the earth; You are my Protector in this life and in the Hereafter. Receive my soul in submission, and unite me with the righteous."
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
O my Lord! Thou hast given me (something) of sovereignty and hast taught me (something) of the interpretation of events - Creator of the heavens and the earth! Thou art my Protecting Guardian in the world and the Hereafter. Make me to die muslim (unto Thee), and join me to the righteous
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
O my Lord! thou least given me dominion, and hast taught me the interpretation of sayings; O originator of the heavens and the earth! Thou art my patron in this world and the next; take me to Thyselfresigned, And let me reach the righteous
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
O my Lord, thou hast given me dominion, and hast taught me to expound dark sayings. Marker of the Heavens and of the Earth! My guardian art thou in this world and in the next! Cause thou me to die a Muslim, and join me with the just
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
O Lord, Thou hast given me a part of the kingdom, and hast taught me the interpretation of dark sayings. The Creator of heaven and earth! Thou art my protector in this world, and in that which is to come: Make me to die a Moslem, and join me with the righteous
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Zoti im, Ti më dhe pushtet e më mësove shpjegimin e ëndrrave. O Krijues i qiejve e i Tokës, Ti je Mbrojtësi im në këtë botë dhe në tjetrën. Më bëj të vdes si musliman (i nënshtruar ndaj Teje) dhe më bashko me të mirët!"
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
(অতঃপর ইউসুফ তার রবকে ডেকে বললো:) ‘হে আমার রব! আপনি আমাকে (মিসরের) রাজত্ব দান করেছেন এবং স্বপ্নের ব্যাখ্যা শিক্ষা দিয়েছেন। হে আসমানসমূহ ও জমিনের স্রষ্টা! দুনিয়া ও আখিরাতে আপনিই আমার অভিভাবক, আমাকে মুসলিম অবস্থায় মৃত্যু দিন এবং আমাকে সৎকর্মপরায়ণদের অন্তর্ভুক্ত করুন।’
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Gospodaru moj, Ti si mi dao dio vlasti i naučio me tumačenju snova! O Ti Koji si nebesa i Zemlju bez prethodnog primjera stvorio, Ti si Zaštitnik moj i na ovome i na onome svijetu; daj da umrem kao musliman i pridruži me čestitima!"
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Gospodaru moj, Ti si mi dao dio vlasti i naučio me tumačenju snova! O Ti Koji si nebesa i Zemlju bez prethodnog primjera stvorio, Ti si Zaštitnik moj i na ovome i na onome svijetu; daj da umrem kao musliman i pridruži me čestitima!"
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Joomi am, gooŋɗii A weeɗii kam laamu, A anndinii kam kadi firo koyɗi. [Aan] Takɗo kammuuli ɗin e leydi ndin, ko Aan woni giɗo am aduna e laakara. Ƴettitam ko mi juulɗo, waɗitdaa kam e moƴƴuɓe ɓen.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
۞ «უფალო ჩემო! შენ მიბოძე მე ძალაუფლება და მასწავლე სიზმრების ახსნა. ცათა და მიწის შემოქმედო! შენა ხარ ჩემი მფარველი ამქვეყნადაც და იმქვეყნადაც. მიმიბარე მუსლიმად (შენდამი მორჩილად) და შემაერთე მართალთა რიცხვს».
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
(Dann sagte Yusuf:) „Mein Herr, Du hast mir ja etwas von der Herrschaft gegeben und mich etwas von der Deutung der Geschichten gelehrt. (O Du) Erschaffer der Himmel und der Erde, Du bist mein Schutzherr im Diesseits und Jenseits. Berufe mich als (Dir ergebener) Muslim ab und schließe mich den Rechtschaffenen an.“
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
[Και κάλεσε ο Ιωσήφ τον Κύριό του:] «Κύριέ μου! Πράγματι, μου έδωσες από την εξουσία και μου έμαθες από την ερμηνεία των ονείρων. Ω, Δημιουργέ των ουρανών και της Γης! Εσύ είσαι ο Προστάτης (και ο Κηδεμόνας) μου στην εγκόσμια ζωή και στη Μέλλουσα Ζωή. Κάνε με να πεθάνω ως Μουσουλμάνος (υποταγμένος στη Βούλησή Σου) και ένωσέ με με τους δίκαιους (και τους προφήτες στο υψηλότερο επίπεδο στον Παράδεισο).»
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
ऐ मेरे पालनहार! तूने मुझे राज्य में से हिस्सा प्रदान किया तथा बातों के अर्थ (असल तथ्य) में से कुछ सिखाया। ऐ आकाशों तथा धरती के पैदा करने वाले! दुनिया तथा आख़िरत में तू ही मेरा संरक्षक है। मुझे मुसलमान होने की अवस्था में मृत्यु दे और मुझे सदाचारियों से मिला दे।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
Dio mio, Tu mi hai concesso del potere e mi hai insegnato ad interpretare i sogni! Creatore dei cieli e della terra, tu sei il mio Protettore in terra e nell’Aldilà: fammi morire da musulmano e fammi unire ai beati!”
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
101. „Mano Viešpatie, Tu iš tiesų apdovanojai mane valdžia ir išmokei mane sapnų aiškinimo – dangų ir žemės (Vienintelis) Kūrėjau! Tu esi mano Vali (Saugotojas, Padėjėjas, Rėmėjas, Globėjas, Dievas, Viešpats) šiame pasaulyje ir Amžinybėje. Leisk man mirti musulmonu (paklūstančiuoju Tavo Valiai), ir prijunk mane prie teisingųjų.“
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8
Afaan Oromoo · Oromo
Gooftaa kiyya! dhugumatti mootummaa irraa naaf kennitee jirta, Hiika manaamotaa irraas na barsiiftee jirta, (Yaa) Uumoo samiifi dachii! Ati Duuniyaafi Aakhiraattis gargaaraa kiyya. Muslimummarratti na ajjeesii, Warra gaggaarittis na dhaqqabsiisi.” [36]
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Господь мой! Ты даровал мне власть и научил меня толкованию снов. О изначально сотворивший небеса и землю! Ты — мой Покровитель в этом мире и в Последней жизни. Упокой меня покорным Тебе и причисли меня к праведникам».
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Господару мој, Ти си ми дао део власти и научио си ме тумачењу снова! О Ти Који си створио небеса и Земљу без претходног примера, Ти си мој Заштитник и на овом свету и на другом; дај да умрем као муслиман и придружи ме честитима!“
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Ewe Mola wangu Mlezi! Hakika umenipa katika ufalme, na umenifunza katika tafsiri ya mambo. Ewe Muumba wa mbingu na ardhi! Wewe ndiye Mlinzi wangu katika dunia na Akhera. Nifishe hali ya kuwa ni Muislamu na niunganishe na walio wema.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
”Herre! Du har gett mig makt och lärt mig att tyda drömmar. Himlarnas och jordens Skapare! Du tar hand om mig i detta liv och det kommande. Låt mig dö som muslim och förena mig med de rättfärdiga.”
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Rabbim! Gerçekten bana mülk verdin ve bana sözlerin yorumunu öğrettin. Ey gökleri ve yeri yaratan! Dünyada ve ahirette sen benim velimsin. Benim canımı Müslüman olarak al ve beni iyilere kat.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
اے میرے پروردگار! تو نے مجھے ملک عطا فرمایا[1] اور تو نے مجھے خواب کی تعبیر سکھلائی[2]۔ اے آسمان وزمین کے پیدا کرنے والے! تو ہی دنیا وآخرت میں میرا ولی (دوست) اور کارساز ہے، تو مجھے اسلام کی حالت میں فوت کر اور نیکوں میں ملا دے.[3]
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 Then, when they entered into the presence of Joseph, he embraced his parents, and said, "Enter Egypt, God willing, safe and secure."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And when they came in before Joseph, he took his parents unto him, and said: Come into Egypt safe, if Allah will
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And when they entered in unto Joseph, he took his father to stay with him, and said, 'Enter ye into Egypt, if it please God, safe
John Medows Rodwell1861 And when they came into Joseph he took his parents to him, and said, "Enter ye Egypt, if God will, secure
George Sale1734 And when Jacob and his family arrived in Egypt, and were introduced unto Joseph, he received his parents unto him, and said, enter ye into Egypt, by God's favour, in full security
Easy-read (simplified)warafa'a abawayhi 'alaa l-'arshi wakharroo lahu sujjadan waqaala yaa abati haadhaa ta'weelu ru'yaaya min qablu qad ja'alahaa rabbee haqqan waqad ahsana bee idh akhrajanee mina s-sijni wajaa'a bikum mina l-badwi min ba'di an nazagha sh-shaytaanu baynee wabayna ikhwatee inna rabbee lateefun limaa yashaa'u innahu huwa l-'aleemu l-hakeem
DIN 31635warafaʿa ʾabawayhi ʿalā l-ʿarši waḫarrū lahu suǧǧadan waqāla yā ʾabati hāḏā taʾwīlu ruʾyāya min qablu qad ǧaʿalahā rabbī ḥaqqan waqad ʾaḥsana bī ʾiḏ ʾaḫraǧanī mina s-siǧni waǧāʾa bikum mina l-badwi min baʿdi ʾan nazaġa š-šayṭānu baynī wabayna ʾiḫwatī ʾinna rabbī laṭīfun limā yašāʾu ʾinnahu huwa l-ʿalīmu l-ḥakīmu
Talal Itani2012 And he elevated his parents on the throne, and they fell prostrate before him. He said, "Father, this is the fulfillment of my vision of long ago. My Lord has made it come true. He has blessed me, when he released me from prison, and brought you out of the wilderness, after the devil had sown conflict between me and my brothers. My Lord is Most Kind towards whomever He wills. He is the All-knowing, the Most Wise."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And he placed his parents on the dais and they fell down before him prostrate, and he said: O my father! This is the interpretation of my dream of old. My Lord hath made it true, and He hath shown me kindness, since He took me out of the prison and hath brought you from the desert after Satan had made strife between me and my brethren. Lo! my Lord is tender unto whom He will. He is the Knower, the Wise
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And he raised his father upon the throne, and they fell down before him adoring. And he said, 'O my sire! This is the interpretation of my vision aforetime; my Lord has made it come true, and He has been good to me, in bringing me forth out of prison, and bringing you from the desert, after Satan had made a breach between me and my brethren;- verily, my Lord is kind to whomsoever He will;- verily, He is the knowing, the wise
John Medows Rodwell1861 And he raised his parents to the seat of state, and they fell down bowing themselves unto him. Then said he, "O my father, this is the meaning of my dream of old. My Lord hath now made it true, and he hath surely been gracious to me, since he took me forth from the prison, and hath brought you up out of the desert, after that Satan had stirred up strife between me and my brethren; for my Lord is gracious to whom He will; for He is the Knowing, the Wise
George Sale1734 And he raised his parents to the seat of state, and they, together with his brethren, fell down and did obeisance unto him. And he said, O my father, this is the interpretation of my vision, which I saw heretofore: Now hath my Lord rendered it true. And He hath surely been gracious unto me, since He took me forth from the prison, and hath brought you hither from the desert; after that the devil had sown discord between me and my brethren: For my Lord is gracious unto whom He pleaseth; and He is the knowing, the wise God
Easy-read (simplified)dhaalika min anbaa'i l-ghaybi nooheehi ilayka wamaa kunta ladayhim idh ajma'oo amrahum wahum yamkuroon
DIN 31635ḏālika min ʾanbāʾi l-ġaybi nūḥīhi ʾilayka wamā kunta ladayhim ʾiḏ ʾaǧmaʿū ʾamrahum wahum yamkurūna
Talal Itani2012 This is news from the past that We reveal to you. You were not present with them when they plotted and agreed on a plan.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 This is of the tidings of the Unseen which We inspire in thee (Muhammad). Thou wast not present with them when they fixed their plan and they were scheming
Edward Henry Palmer1880 That is one of the stories of the unseen which we inspire thee with, though thou wert not with them when they agreed in their affair, when they were so crafty
John Medows Rodwell1861 This is one of the secret histories which we reveal unto thee. Thou wast not present with Joseph's brethren when they conceived their design and laid their plot
George Sale1734 This is a secret history, which We reveal unto thee, O Mohammed, although thou wast not present with the brethren of Joseph, when they concerted their design, and contrived a plot against him
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.60 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.73
Talal Itani · George Sale0.70
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.70
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.67
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.57
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.57
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.52
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.51
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.50
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.49
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.