Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Fighting is ordained for you, even though you dislike it. But it may be that you dislikesomething while it is good for you, and it may be that you likesomething while it is bad for you. God knows, and you do not know.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
Warfare is ordained for you, though it is hateful unto you; but it may happen that ye hate a thing which is good for you, and it may happen that ye love a thing which is bad for you. Allah knoweth, ye know not
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
Prescribed for you is fighting, but it is hateful to you. Yet peradventure that ye hate a thing while it is good for you, and peradventure that ye love a thing while it is bad for you; God knows, and ye,- ye do not know
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
War is prescribed to you: but from this ye are averse. Yet haply ye are averse from a thing, though it be good for you, and haply ye love a thing though it be bad for you: And God knoweth; but ye, ye know not
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
War is enjoined you against the infidels; but this is hateful unto you: Yet perchance ye hate a thing which is better for you, and perchance ye love a thing which is worse for you: But God knoweth and ye know not
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Lufta është bërë detyrim për ju, ndonëse nuk e pëlqeni. Mirëpo, ju mund të urreni një gjë, ndërkohë që ajo është e mirë për ju. Po ashtu, ju mund të doni një gjë, ndërkohë që ajo është e dëmshme për ju. Allahu e di, kurse ju nuk e dini.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
তোমাদের ওপর আল্লাহর পথে যুদ্ধ করাকে ফরয করা হয়েছে; যদিও তোমাদের নিকট এটা অপ্রিয় বস্তু (৪৬)। বস্তুত তোমরা যা অপছন্দ করছো , হতে পারে তা তোমাদের জন্য কল্যাণকর (৪৭) । পক্ষান্তরে তোমরা যা ভালোবাস , হতে পারে তা তোমাদের জন্য অকল্যাণকর। আর আল্লাহ্ই ভাল জানেন, তোমরা তা জান না।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Propisana vam je borba, a to vam je mrsko! Možda nešto ne volite, a to je dobro po vas; možda nešto volite, a to je zlo po vas! Allah zna, a vi ne znate.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Propisana vam je borba, a to vam je mrsko! Možda nešto ne volite, a to je dobro po vas; možda nešto volite, a to je zlo po vas! Allah zna, a vi ne znate.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Hare nden farlaama e mo'on; nden non ko añaande e mo'on,no tijjaa ka añoton huunde hara ko nde moƴƴere mon, no tijjaa kadi ka yiɗoton huunde hara ko nde bone mon. Alla no Anndi onon on nganndaa.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
დაწერილია (სავალდებულოა) თქვენთვის (ო, მორწმუნენო) ბრძოლა (ალლაჰის ურწმუნო მტრების წინააღმდეგ), თუმცა ის თქვენთვის უსიამოვნოა (ადამიანური ბუნების გამო). შესაძლოა, რამე არ გიყვარდეთ, მაგრამ ის თქვენთვის სიკეთე იყოს; და შესაძლოა, რამე გიყვარდეთ, მაგრამ ის თქვენთვის ბოროტება იყოს. უეჭველად, მხოლოდ ალლაჰმა იცის, რა არის თქვენთვის სიკეთე, ხოლო თქვენ არ იცით.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Vorgeschrieben ist euch der Kampf, obwohl er euch zuwider ist. Aber vielleicht ist euch etwas zuwider, während es gut für euch ist, und vielleicht ist euch etwas lieb, während es schlecht für euch ist. Und Allah weiß, ihr aber wisst (es) nicht.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Έχει διαταχθεί σ’ εσάς το να πολεμήσετε, ενώ αυτό είναι κάτι δυσάρεστο για σας. Μα ίσως να απεχθάνεστε κάτι ενώ αυτό είναι καλό για σας• και ίσως να αγαπάτε κάτι ενώ αυτό είναι κακό για σας. Και ο Αλλάχ γνωρίζει, ενώ εσείς δεν γνωρίζετε.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
(ऐ ईमान वालो!) तुमपर युद्ध करना अनिवार्य कर दिया गया है, हालाँकि वह तुम्हें बिल्कुल नापसंद है। और हो सकता है कि तुम एक चीज़ को नापसंद करो और वह तुम्हारे लिए बेहतर हो और हो सकता कि तुम एक चीज़ को पसंद करो और वह तुम्हारे लिए बुरी हो। और अल्लाह जानता है और तुम नहीं जानते।[135]
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
Vi è stato ordinato di combattere ed è una cosa che odiate, e potreste odiare una cosa, ma è un bene per voi, e forse amerete un’altra in cui c’è del male per voi. E Allāh sa, e voi non sapete.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
216. Džihadas (kova vardan Allaho) yra įsakytas jums (musulmonai) nors jūs to nemėgstate. O gali būti, kad jums nepatinka kažkas, kas yra jums gerai, ir patinka kažkas, kas jums yra blogai. Allahas žino, o jūs – nežinote.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8
Afaan Oromoo · Oromo
Lolli isinirratti dirqama godhame Odoma inni isin biratti jibbamaa ta’uu. Odoo inni isiniif gaarii ta'uu waan tokko jibbuun keessan mirkanaa’e. Odoo inni isiniif hamtuu ta’uu waan tokko jaalachuun keessanis mirkanaa’e. Rabbumatu beeka; isin hin beektanu [80]
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Предписано вам сражение, хотя оно ненавистно вам. Быть может, вы ненавидите нечто, а это — благо для вас. И быть может, вы любите нечто, а это — зло для вас. Аллах знает, а вы не знаете.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Прописана вам је борба, а то вам је мрско! Можда нешто не волите, а то је добро по вас; можда нешто волите, а то је зло по вас! Аллах зна, а ви не знате.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Mmeandikiwa kupigana vita, navyo vinawachukiza. Lakini huenda mkachukia kitu, nacho ni heri kwenu. Na huenda mkapenda kitu, nacho ni shari kwenu. Na Mwenyezi Mungu anajua, na nyinyi hamjui.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Det är föreskrivet för er att strida, och det är förhatligt för er. Men det kan hända att ni ogillar något, fastän det är gott för er, och att ni tycker om något, fastän det är dåligt för er. Gud vet, men ni vet inte.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Sizin için hoş olmasa da savaş size farz kılındı. Olabilir ki sizin hoşlanmadığınız bir şey, sizin için iyidir ve ihtimal ki sizin hoşlandığınız bir şey sizin için kötüdür. Siz bilmezsiniz Allah bilir.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
تم پر جہاد فرض کیا گیا گو وه تمہیں دشوار معلوم ہو، ممکن ہے کہ تم کسی چیز کو بری جانو اور دراصل وہی تمہارے لئے بھلی ہو اور یہ بھی ممکن ہے کہ تم کسی چیز کو اچھی سمجھو، حاﻻنکہ وه تمہارے لئے بری ہو، حقیقی علم اللہ ہی کو ہے، تم محض بےخبر ہو۔[1]
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 Or do you expect to enter Paradise before the example of those who came before you had reached you? Adversity and hardship had afflicted them, and they were so shaken up, that the Messenger and those who believed with him said, "When is God's victory?" Indeed, God's victory is near.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Or think ye that ye will enter paradise while yet there hath not come unto you the like of (that which came to) those who passed away before you? Affliction and adversity befell them, they were shaken as with earthquake, till the messenger (of Allah) and those who believed along with him said: When cometh Allah's help? Now surely Allah's help is nigh
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Did ye count to enter Paradise, while there had nothing come to you like those who passed away before you; there touched them violence and harm, and they were made to quake, until the Apostle and those who believed with him said, 'When (comes) God's help? Is not God's help then surely nigh
John Medows Rodwell1861 Think ye to enter Paradise, when no such things have come upon you, as on those who flourish before you? Ills and troubles tried them; and so tossed were they by trials, that the Apostle and they who shared his faith, said, "When will the help of God come?" - Is not the help of God nigh
George Sale1734 Did ye think ye should enter paradise, when as yet no such thing had happened unto you, as hath happened unto those who have been before you? They suffered calamity, and tribulation, and were afflicted; so that the apostle, and they who believed with him, said; when will the help of God come? Is not the help of God nigh
Easy-read (simplified)yas'aloonaka maadhaa yunfiqoona qul maa anfaqtum min khayrin falilwaalidayni wal-'aqrabeena wal-yataamaa wal-masaakeeni wabni s-sabeeli wamaa taf'aloo min khayrin fa'inna llaaha bihi 'aleem
DIN 31635yasʾalūnaka māḏā yunfiqūna qul mā ʾanfaqtum min ḫayrin falilwālidayni wal-ʾaqrabīna wal-yatāmā wal-masākīni wabni s-sabīli wamā tafʿalū min ḫayrin faʾinna llāha bihi ʿalīmun
Talal Itani2012 They ask you what they should give. Say, "Whatever charity you give is for the parents, and the relatives, and the orphans, and the poor, and the wayfarer. Whatever good you do, God is aware of it.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 They ask thee, (O Muhammad), what they shall spend. Say: that which ye spend for good (must go) to parents and near kindred and orphans and the needy and the wayfarer. And whatsoever good ye do, lo! Allah is Aware of it
Edward Henry Palmer1880 They will ask thee what they are to expend in alms: say, 'Whatsoever good ye expend it should be for parents and kinsmen, and the orphan and the poor, and the son of the road; and whatsoever good ye do, verily, of it God knows
John Medows Rodwell1861 They will ask thee what they shall bestow in alms. SAY: Let the good which ye bestow be for parents, and kindred, and orphans, and the poor, and the wayfarer; and whatever good ye do, of a truth God knoweth
George Sale1734 They will ask thee what they shall bestow in alms: Answer, the good which ye bestow, let it be given to parents, and kindred, and orphans, and the poor, and the stranger. Whatsoever good ye do, God knoweth it
Talal Itani2012 They ask you about fighting during the Holy Month. Say, "Fighting during it is deplorable; but to bar others from God's path, and to disbelieve in Him, and to prevent access to the Holy Mosque, and to expel its people from it, are more deplorable with God. And persecution is more serious than killing. They will not cease to fight you until they turn you back from your religion, if they can. Whoever among you turns back from his religion, and dies a disbeliever-those are they whose works will come to nothing, in this life, and in the Hereafter. Those are the inmates of the Fire, abiding in it forever.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 They question thee (O Muhammad) with regard to warfare in the sacred month. Say: Warfare therein is a great (transgression), but to turn (men) from the way of Allah, and to disbelieve in Him and in the Inviolable Place of Worship, and to expel His people thence, is a greater with Allah; for persecution is worse than killing. And they will not cease from fighting against you till they have made you renegades from your religion, if they can. And whoso becometh a renegade and dieth in his disbelief: such are they whose works have fallen both in the world and the Hereafter. Such are rightful owners of the Fire: they will abide therein
Edward Henry Palmer1880 They will ask thee of the sacred month,- of fighting therein. Say, 'Fighting therein is a great sin; but turning folks off God's way, and misbelief in Him and in the Sacred Mosque, and turning His people out therefrom, is a greater in God's sight; and sedition is a greater sin than slaughter.' They will not cease from fighting you until they turn you from your religion if they can; but whosoever of you is turned from his religion and dies while still a misbeliever; these are those whose works are vain in this world and the next; they are the fellows of the Fire, and they shall dwell therein for aye
John Medows Rodwell1861 They will ask thee concerning war in the Sacred Month. SAY: To war therein is bad, but to turn aside from the cause of God, and to have no faith in Him, and in the Sacred Temple, and to drive out its people, is worse in the sight of God; and civil strife is worse than bloodshed. They will not cease to war against you until they turn you from your religion, if they be able: but whoever of you shall turn from his religion and die an infidel, their works shall be fruitless in this world, and in the next: they shall be consigned to the fire; therein to abide for aye
George Sale1734 They will ask thee concerning the sacred month, whether they may war therein: Answer, to war therein is grievous; but to obstruct the way of God, and infidelity towards him, and to keep men from the holy temple, and to drive out his people from thence, is more grievous in the sight of God, and the temptation to idolatry is more grievous than to kill in the sacred months. They will not cease to war against you, until they turn you from your religion, if they be able: But whoever among you shall turn back from his religion, and die an infidel, their works shall be vain in this world, and the next; they shall be the companions of hell fire, they shall remain therein for ever
Talal Itani2012 Those who believed, and those who migrated and fought for the sake of God-those look forward to God's mercy. God is Forgiving and Merciful.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Lo! those who believe, and those who emigrate (to escape the persecution) and strive in the way of Allah, these have hope of Allah's mercy. Allah is Forgiving, Merciful
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Verily, those who believe, and those who flee, and those who wage war in God's way; these may hope for God's mercy, for God is forgiving and merciful
John Medows Rodwell1861 But they who believe, and who fly their country, and fight in the cause of God may hope for God's mercy: and God is Gracious, Merciful
George Sale1734 But they who believe, and who fly for the sake of religion, and fight in God's cause, they shall hope for the mercy of God; for God is gracious and merciful
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.59 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · George Sale0.81
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.66
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.61
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.61
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.58
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.57
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.57
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.53
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.51
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.49
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
Sources, editions and licences for everything above
ReceiptsSource fact
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.