Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
The prophet is nigher unto the true believers than their own souls; and his wives are their mothers. Those who are related by consanguinity are nigher of kin the one of them unto the others, according to the book of God, than the other true believers, and the Mohajerun: Unless that ye do what is fitting and reasonable to your relations in general. This is written in the book of God
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Compare translations (4)Talal Itani· published 2012
The Prophet is more caring of the believers than they are of themselves, and his wives are mothers to them. And blood-relatives are closer to one another in God's Book than the believers or the emigrants, though you should do good to your friends. That is inscribed in the Book.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
The Prophet is closer to the believers than their selves, and his wives are (as) their mothers. And the owners of kinship are closer one to another in the ordinance of Allah than (other) believers and the fugitives (who fled from Mecca), except that ye should do kindness to your friends. This is written in the Book (of nature)
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
The prophet is nearer of kin to the believers than themselves, and his wives are their mothers. And blood relations are nearer in kin to each other by the Book of God than the believers and those who fled; only your doing kindness to your kindred, that is traced in the Book
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Nearer of kin to the faithful is the Prophet, than they are to their own selves. His wives are their mothers. According to the Book of God, they who are related by blood, are nearer the one to the other than other believers, and than those who have fled their country for the cause of God: but whatever kindness ye shew to your kindred, shall be noted down in the Book
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pejgamberi është më i afërt për besimtarët sesa ata për njëri-tjetrin, ndërsa gratë e tij janë si nënat e tyre. Njerëzit e gjakut, sipas Librit të Allahut, janë më të afërt për njëri-tjetrin sesa besimtarët e tjerë dhe muhaxhirët (në çështjen e trashëgimisë), por ju mund t'u bëni ndonjë të mirë miqve tuaj[2]. Kjo është e shënuar në Libër.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
নবী (মুহাম্মাদ) মু’মিনদের কাছে তাদের নিজেদের চেয়ে ঘনিষ্ঠতর। আর তার স্ত্রীগণ তাদের মাতাস্বরূপ। আর (উত্তরাধিকার বণ্টনের
ক্ষেত্রে ) আল্লাহর বিধান অনুসারে মু’মিন ও মুহাজিরদের তুলনায় আত্মীয় স্বজনরা একে অপরের নিকটতর। তবে তোমরা যদি বন্ধু-বান্ধবদের সাথে ভালো কিছু করতে চাও (তা করতে পার)। এটা (বিধানটা ) কিতাবে লিপিবদ্ধ আছে।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Vjerovjesnik treba biti preči vjernicima nego oni sami sebi, a žene njegove su kao majke njihove. A srodnici, po Allahovoj Knjizi, preči su jedni drugima od ostalih vjernika i muhadžira. Prijateljima svojim možete oporukom nešto ostaviti. To u Knjizi piše.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Vjerovjesnik treba biti preči vjernicima nego oni sami sebi, a žene njegove su kao majke njihove. A srodnici, po Allahovoj Knjizi, preči su jedni drugima od ostalih vjernika i muhadžira. Prijateljima svojim možete oporukom nešto ostaviti. To u Knjizi piše.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Ko Annabiijo on ɓuri hanndude e gooŋɗinɓe ɓen diini ko'e maɓɓe; suddiiɓe makko ɓen, ko neeniraaɓe maɓɓe. Joomiraaɓe enɗamaaji ɓen, ko yoga maɓɓe ɓuri hanndude yoga [e ndonndi ndin] ka deftere Alla, diini gooɗinɓe ɓen e ferɓe ɓen, si wonaa hara on waɗan weldiiɓe mon [ɓe ronataa] ɓen moƴƴere. Ɗum wonii ko winndaa ka deftere.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
მოციქული მუჰამედი მორწმუნეთათვის უფრო ახლობელია, ვიდრე ისინი ერთმანეთისთვის, ხოლო მისი ცოლები – მათი დედები არიან [მოციქულის ცოლები ღირსეულნი და მორწმუნეთათვის აკრძალულნი არიან ისე, როგორც საკუთარი დედები]. და ნათესაობის მქონენი ერთმანეთისთვის უფრო ახლოს არიან ალლაჰის წიგნის მიხედვით (მემკვიდრეობის საკითხებში), ვიდრე სხვა მორწმუნენი და ვიდრე მუჰაჯირები. (გარდა ამისა) თქვენ შეგიძლიათ კეთილი საქმე გააკეთოთ თქვენს თანმხლებთან [სხვა მორწმუნეებთან] – ეს წინასწარ არის დაწერილი წიგნში [ლავჰულ მაჰფუზში].
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Der Prophet steht den Gläubigen näher als sie sich selbst, und seine Gattinnen sind ihre Mütter. Und die Blutsverwandten stehen nach dem Buch Allahs einander näher als die Gläubigen und Auswanderer, außer, dass ihr euren Schützlingen Gutes tun solltet. Dies steht im Buch verzeichnet.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Ο Προφήτης είναι πιο κοντά στους πιστούς από τον εαυτό τους [και έχει πιο έλεος γι' αυτούς από τον εαυτό τους, και θα πρέπει να τον υπακούν και να τον αγαπούν περισσότερο από τον εαυτό τους, και αν κάποιος πεθάνει χρεωμένος ή έχει μικρά παιδιά, ο Προφήτης θα φροντίσει το χρέος και τα παιδιά του]. Και οι γυναίκες του (Προφήτη) είναι οι μητέρες τους (των πιστών, δηλ. δεν επιτρέπεται κανένας να παντρευτεί μία απ' αυτές μετά το θάνατο του Προφήτη). Οι συγγενείς εξ αίματος έχουν μεγαλύτερο δικαίωμα να κληρονομήσει ο ένας τον άλλον σύμφωνα με την κρίση του Αλλάχ, από τους άλλους πιστούς και τους μετανάστες (που είναι αδελφοί τους στη θρησκεία)! [Ο Προφήτης έχει δημιουργήσει μία σύνδεση αδελφοσύνης μεταξύ των πιστών της Μεδίνας και των μεταναστών που ήρθαν από τη Μέκκα]. Εκτός αν κάνετε στους αδελφούς σας στη θρησκεία, καλοσύνη (και ορίσετε ελεημοσύνη στη διαθήκη σας, τότε δεν υπάρχει τίποτα μεμπτό σε σας). Αυτό έχει γραφτεί στο Βιβλίο (Αλ-Λάουχ Αλ-Μαχφούδ).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
यह नबी[3] ईमान वालों पर उनके अपने प्राणों से अधिक हक़ रखने वाले हैं। और नबी की पत्नियाँ उनकी माताएँ[4] हैं। और रिश्तेदार, अल्लाह की किताब के अनुसार, (अन्य) ईमान वालों और मुहाजिरों से एक-दूसरे के अधिक हक़दार[5] हैं। सिवाय इसके कि तुम अपने मित्रों के साथ कोई भलाई करो। यह पुस्तक में लिखा हुआ है।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
Il Profeta è più meritevole di affetto, dai credenti, di quanto lo siano loro stessi, e le sue mogli si considerano loro madri. E i parenti hanno la precedenza, gli uni verso gli altri, nel Libro di Allāh, rispetto ai credenti e gli emigranti, a meno che non vogliate favorire i vostri parenti con una donazione, e ciò è scritto nel Libro.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
6. Pranašas yra arčiau tikinčiųjų nei jie patys sau, o jo žmonos yra jų (tikinčiųjų) motinos (dėl pagarbos ir santuokos). Ir tarpusavio kraujo ryšiai turi artimesnį asmeninį ryšį pagal Allaho Nulėmimą (dėl paveldėjimo) nei tikinčiųjų ir Al-Muhadžirūn (persikėlėlių iš Mekkos) (brolystė), išskyrus tai, kad jūs esate malonūs tiems broliams (kai Pranašas ﷺ sujungė juos brolystės ryšiais). Tai buvo užrašyta (Allaho Knygos Dieviškuose) Nulėmimuose – (Al-Lauh Al-Mahfuz).“
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Пророк ближе к верующим, чем они сами, а его супруги — их матери. А кровные родственники ближе друг к другу согласно Писанию Аллаха, чем [остальные] верующие и мухаджиры, если только вы не сделаете своим близким добра. Это было начертано в Писании.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Веровесник је пречи верницима него они сами себи, а жене његове су као мајке њихове. А рођаци, по Божјој књизи, пречи су једни другима од осталих верника и исељеника из Мекке. Пријатељима својим можете опоруком нешто оставити. То је записано у Књизи.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Nabii ni bora zaidi kwa Waumini kuliko nafsi zao. Na wake zake ni mama zao. Na jamaa ni karibu wao kwa wao katika Kitabu cha Mwenyezi Mungu kuliko Waumini wengine na Wahamiaji. Ila muwe mnawafanyia wema marafiki zenu. Haya yamekwisha andikwa Kitabuni.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Profeten har större rätt över de troende än de har över sig själva, och hans hustrur är som mödrar för dem. Och de som är bundna genom släktskap har, enligt Guds föreskrift, större rätt [att ärva] varandra än de troende och de som har utvandrat. Detta hindrar er dock inte att visa godhet mot era bundsförvanter; allt står nedtecknat i [den himmelska] boken.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Peygamber, Müminlere kendi canlarından daha önce gelir. Onun eşleri de Müminlerin analarıdır. Aralarında akrabalık bağı olanlar, Allah’ın kitabına göre, (miras konusunda) birbirileri için (diğer) Müminlerden ve muhacirlerden daha önceliklidirler. Ancak dostlarınıza bir iyilik yapmanız başka. Bu (hüküm) kitapta yazılıdır.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
پیغمبر مومنوں پر خود ان سے بھی زیاده حق رکھنے والے[1] ہیں اور پیغمبر کی بیویاں مومنوں کی مائیں ہیں[2]، اور رشتے دار کتاب اللہ کی رو سے بہ نسبت دوسرے مومنوں اور مہاجروں کے آپس میں زیاده حق دار ہیں[3] (ہاں) مگر یہ کہ تم اپنے دوستوں کے ساتھ حسن سلوک کرنا چاہو[4]۔ یہ حکم کتاب (الٰہی) میں لکھا ہوا ہے.[5]
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 God did not place two hearts inside any man's body. Nor did He make your wives whom you equate with your mothers, your actual mothers. Nor did He make your adopted sons, your actual sons. These are your words coming out of your mouths. God speaks the truth, and guides to the path.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Allah hath not assigned unto any man two hearts within his body, nor hath He made your wives whom ye declare (to be your mothers) your mothers, nor hath He made those whom ye claim (to be your sons) your sons. This is but a saying of your mouths. But Allah saith the truth and He showeth the way
Edward Henry Palmer1880 God has not made for any man two hearts in his inside; nor has He made your wives,- whom you back away from,- your real mothers; nor has He made your adopted sons your real sons. That is what ye speak with your mouths; but God speaks the truth and He guides to the path
John Medows Rodwell1861 God hath not given a man two hearts within him; neither hath he made your wives whom ye divorce to be as your mothers; nor hath he made your adopted sons to be as your own sons. Such words are indeed in your mouths; but God speaketh the truth, and in the right way He guideth
George Sale1734 God hath not given a man two hearts within him; neither hath he made your wives -- some of whom ye divorce, regarding them thereafters as your mothers -- your true mothers; nor hath he made your adopted sons your true sons. This is your saying in your mouths: But God speaketh the truth ; and he directeth the right way
Talal Itani2012 Call them after their fathers; that is more equitable with God. But if you do not know their fathers, then your brethren in faith and your friends. There is no blame on you if you err therein, barring what your hearts premeditates. God is Forgiving and Merciful.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Proclaim their real parentage. That will be more equitable in the sight of Allah. And if ye know not their fathers, then (they are) your brethren in the faith, and your clients. And there is no sin for you in the mistakes that ye make unintentionally, but what your hearts purpose (that will be a sin for you). Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Call them by their fathers' names; that is more just in God's sight; but if ye know not their fathers, then they are your brothers in religion and your clients. There is no crime against you for what mistakes ye make therein; but what your hearts do purposely - but God is ever forgiving and merciful
John Medows Rodwell1861 Name them after their fathers: this will be more right before God. But if ye know not who their fathers are, then let them be your brethren in the faith, and your comrades. And unless made with intent of heart, mistakes in this matter shall be no crime in you: for God is Lenient, Merciful
George Sale1734 Call such as are adopted, the sons of their natural fathers: This will be more just in the sight of God. And if ye know not their fathers, let them be as your brethren in religion, and your companions: And it shall be no crime in you, that ye err in this matter; but that shall be criminal which your hearts purposely design; for God is gracious and merciful
DIN 31635waʾiḏ ʾaḫaḏnā mina n-nabiyyīna mīṯāqahum waminka wamin nūḥin waʾibrāhīma wamūsā waʿīsā bni maryama waʾaḫaḏnā minhum mīṯāqan ġalīẓan
Talal Itani2012 Recall that We received a pledge from the prophets, and from you, and from Noah, and Abraham, and Moses, and Jesus son of Mary. We received from them a solemn pledge.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And when We exacted a covenant from the prophets, and from thee (O Muhammad) and from Noah and Abraham and Moses and Jesus son of Mary. We took from them a solemn covenant
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And when we took of the prophets their compact, from thee and from Noah, and Abraham, and Moses, and Jesus the son of Mary, and took of them a rigid compact
John Medows Rodwell1861 And remember that we have entered into covenant with the Prophets, and with thee, and with Noah, and Abraham, and Moses, and Jesus, Son of Mary: and we formed with them a strict covenant
George Sale1734 Remember when we accepted their covenant from the prophets, and from thee, O Mohammed, and from Noah, and Abraham, and Moses, and Jesus the son of Mary, and received from them a firm covenant
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.62 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.72
Talal Itani · George Sale0.69
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.65
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.64
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.61
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.61
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.60
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.58
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.56
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.49
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
Sources, editions and licences for everything above
ReceiptsSource fact
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.