7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.
Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
We have inspired you, as We had inspired Noah and the prophets after him. And We inspired Abraham, and Ishmael, and Isaac, and Jacob, and the Patriarchs, and Jesus, and Job, and Jonah, and Aaron, and Solomon. And We gave David the Psalms.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
Lo! We inspire thee as We inspired Noah and the prophets after him, as We inspired Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and the tribes, and Jesus and Job and Jonah and Aaron and Solomon, and as We imparted unto David the Psalms
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
Verily, we have inspired thee as we inspired Noah and the prophets after him, and as we inspired Abraham, and Ishmael, and Jacob, and the tribes, and Jesus, and Job, and Jonas, and Aaron, and Solomon; and to David did we give Psalms
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Verily we have revealed to thee as we revealed to Noah and the Prophets after him, and as we revealed to Abraham, and Ismael, and Isaac, and Jacob, and the tribes, and Jesus, and Job, and Jonah, and Aaron, and Solomon; and to David gave we Psalms
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Verily We have revealed our will unto thee, as We have revealed it unto Noah and the prophets who succeeded him; and as we revealed it unto Abraham, and Ismael, and Isaac, and Jacob, and the tribes, and unto Jesus, and Job, and Jonas, and Aaron, and Solomon; and We have given thee the Koran, as We gave the psalms unto David
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Ne ta dhamë ty shpalljen ashtu siç i dhamë shpallje Nuhut dhe pejgamberëve pas tij dhe ashtu siç i dhamë shpallje Ibrahimit, Ismailit, Ishakut, Jakubit, esbatëve (pejgamberëve nga bijtë e Jakubit), Isait, Ejubit, Junusit, Harunit, Sulejmanit dhe Davudit, të cilit ia dhamë Zeburin.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
(হে রাসূল!) নিশ্চয় আমি তোমার নিকট ওহী প্রেরণ করেছিলাম, যেমন নূহ ও তার পরবর্তী নবীগণের প্রতি ওহী প্রেরণ করেছিলাম। আর আমি ইবরাহীম, ইসমাঈল, ইসহাক, ইয়া‘কূব ও তার বংশধরগণ, ‘ঈসা, আইউব, ইউনুস, হারূন ও সুলাইমানের নিকটও ওহী প্রেরণ করেছিলাম এবং দা্ঊদকে যাবূর প্রদান করেছিলাম।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Mi objavljujemo tebi kao što smo objavljivali Nuhu i vjerovjesnicima poslije njega, objavljivali smo Ibrahimu, i Ismailu i Ishaku i Jakubu i potomcima, i Isau, i Ejjubu, i Junusu, i Harunu, i Sulejmanu, a Davudu smo dali Zebur,
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Mi objavljujemo tebi kao što smo objavljivali Noi i vjerovjesnicima poslije njega, objavljivali smo Abrahamu, i Išmaelu i Izaku i Jakovu i potomcima, i Isusu, i Jobu, i Joni, i Aronu, i Solomonu, a Davidu smo dali Psalme,
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Minen min mbahyinii e maaɗa wano no inn mbahyiniri e Nuuhu e Annabaaɓe ɓeen ɓaawo makko. Min mbahyini fa'ade e Ibraahiima, e Ismaa'iila, e Ishaaqa, e Yaaquuba, Taaniraaɓe ɓeen, e Iisaa, e Ayyuuba, e Yuunusa, e Haaruuna, e Sulaymaana. Men ngoki Daawuuda Jabuura.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
۞ ჭეშმარიტად, ჩვენ გამოცხადებით შთაგაგონეთ შენ, (ო მოციქულო), ისე როგორც შთავაგონეთ ნუჰს და მის შემდეგ მოსულ შუამავლებს. და გამოცხადება მივეცით იბრაჰიმს, ისმაილს, ისჰაყს, იაყუბს და ტომებს — (წინასწარმეტყველებს იაყუბის შთამომავლობის თორმეტი ტომიდან), ასევე 'ისას, აიიუბს, იუნუსს, ჰარუნს და სულეიმანს. და მივეცით ჩვენ დაუდს წიგნი — ზაბური (ფსალმუნები).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Wahrlich, Wir haben dir (Offenbarung) eingegeben, wie Wir (auch) Nuh und den Propheten nach ihm (Offenbarung) eingegeben haben. Und Wir haben Ibrahim, Isma'il, Ishaq, Ya'qub, den (Propheten unter den) Enkeln (Ya'qubs), 'Isa, Ayyub, Yunus, Harun und Sulayman (Offenbarung) eingegeben. Und Dawud haben Wir den Zabur gegeben.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Πράγματι, Εμείς αποκαλύψαμε σ’ εσένα (ω, Μωχάμμαντ) όπως αποκαλύψαμε στο Νώε, και στους Προφήτες μετά απ' αυτόν• και (επίσης) αποκαλύψαμε στον Ιμπραήμ (Αβραάμ), στον Ισμαήλ, στον Ισαάκ, στον Ιάκωβο, στους Αλ-Ασμπάτ (τους προφήτες από τους απογόνους του Ιακώβου), στον Ιησού, στον Ιώβ, στον Ιωνά, στον Ααρών και στον Σολομώντα• και δώσαμε στο Δαβίδ το Ζαμπούρ (το Θείο Βιβλίο).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
(ऐ नबी!) निःसंदेह हमने आपकी ओर वह़्य[101] भेजी, जैसे हमने नूह़ और उसके बाद (दूसरे) नबियों की ओर वह़्य भेजी। और हमने इबराहीम, इसमाईल, इसहाक़, याक़ूब और उसकी संतान, तथा ईसा, अय्यूब, यूनुस, हारून और सुलैमान की ओर वह़्य भेजी और हमने दाऊद को ज़बूर प्रदान की।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
In verità ti abbiamo ispirato, come abbiamo ispirato Nūħ, i profeti dopo di lui, e come abbiamo ispirato Ibrāhīm ، Isma’īl, Is-ħaq, Ya’qub, le Tribù[45], ‘Īsa, Æyyūb, Yūnus, Hārūn, e Suleymēn. E demmo a Dāwūd i Salmi[46] Al-Zabūr
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
163. Iš tiesų, Mes siuntėme apreiškimą tau (Muchammedai ﷺ ) kaip Mes siuntėme apreiškimą Nūhui (Nojui) ir Pranašams po jo. Mes (taip pat) siuntėme apreiškimą Ibrahimui (Abraomui), Ismailiui (Izmaeliui), Ishakui (Izaokui), Jakūbui (Jokūbui) ir Al-Asbat [dvylikos Jakūbo (Jokūbo) sūnų palikuonims], Isai (Jėzui), Ajūbui (Jobui), Jūnusui (Jonui), Harūnui (Aronui) ir Sulaimanui (Saliamonui) ir Davūdui (Dovydui) Mes davėme Zabūr (Psalmes).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8
Afaan Oromoo · Oromo
Nuti gara keetti beeksisa goonee jirra akkuma gara Nuuhiifi nabiyyoota isa boodatti beeksisa goone, Gara Ibraahiim, Ismaa’iil, Isihaaq, Ya’aquub, asbaax (ilmaan Ya’aquub), Iisaa, Ayyuub, Yuunus, Haaruuniifi Suleymaanittis beeksisa goonee jirra. Daawuudiif Zabuur kennineerra.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Воистину, Мы внушили тебе Откровение так же, как внушили Нуху и пророкам после него. Мы внушили откровение Ибрахиму, Исма‘илу, Исхаку, Я‘кубу, коленам [Исраила], ‘Исе, Айюбу, Юнусу, Харуну, Сулейману, а Дауду Мы даровали Забур[33].
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Ми објављујемо теби као што смо објављивали Ноју и веровесницима после њега, објављивали смо Авраму, и Јишмаелу и Исаку и Јакову и потомцима, и Исусу, и Јову, и Јони, и Мојсију, и Арону, и Соломону, а Давиду смо дали Псалме,
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Hakika Sisi tumekufunulia ufunuo (wahyi) wewe kama tulivyomfunulia ufunuo (wahyi) Nuhu na Manabii waliokuwa baada yake. Na tulimfunulia ufunuo (wahyi) Ibrahim na Ismail na Is-hak na Yaakub na wanawe, na Isa na Ayub na Yunus na Harun na Suleiman, naye Daud tukampa Zaburi.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Vi har gett dig vår uppenbarelse så som vi gav den till Noa och profeterna efter honom. Och vi gav vår uppenbarelse till Abraham, Ismael, Isak och Jakob, och till hans ättlingar, och till Jesus, Job, Jona, Aron och Salomo. Och till David gav vi Zabūr.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Nûh’a ve ondan sonra gelen peygamberlere vahyettiğimiz gibi sana da vahyettik. İbrahim’e, İsmail’e, İshak’a, Ya'kûb’a, torunlarına, İsâ’ya, Eyyûb’a, Yûnus’a, Hârûn’a ve Süleyman’a da vahyettik. Dâvud’a da Zebur’u verdik.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
یقیناً ہم نے آپ کی طرف اسی طرح وحی کی ہے جیسے کہ نوح (علیہ السلام) اور ان کے بعد والے نبیوں کی طرف کی، اور ہم نے وحی کی ابراہیم اور اسماعیل اور اسحاق اور یعقوب اور ان کی اوﻻد پر اور عیسیٰ اور ایوب اور یونس اور ہارون اور سلیمان کی طرف[1] ۔ اور ہم نے داؤد (علیہ السلام) کو زبور عطا فرمائی۔
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 And for their taking usury, although they were forbidden it; and for their consuming people's wealth dishonestly. We have prepared for the faithless among them a painful torment.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And of their taking usury when they were forbidden it, and of their devouring people's wealth by false pretences, We have prepared for those of them who disbelieve a painful doom
Edward Henry Palmer1880 and for their taking usury when we had forbidden it, and for their devouring the wealth of people in vain,- but we have prepared for those of them who misbehave a grievous woe
John Medows Rodwell1861 And because they have taken usury, though they were forbidden it, and have devoured men's substance in frivolity, we have got ready for the infidels among them a grievous torment
George Sale1734 and have taken usury, which was forbidden them by the law, and devoured men's substance vainly: We have prepared for such of them as are unbelievers a painful punishment
Talal Itani2012 But those among them firmly rooted in knowledge, and the believers, believe in what was revealed to you, and in what was revealed before you; and the observers of prayers, and the givers of charity, and the believers in God and the Last Day-upon these We will bestow an immense reward.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 But those of them who are firm in knowledge and the believers believe in that which is revealed unto thee, and that which was revealed before thee, especially the diligent in prayer and those who pay the poor-due, the believers in Allah and the Last Day. Upon these We shall bestow immense reward
Edward Henry Palmer1880 But those amongst them who are firm in knowledge, and the believers who believe in what is revealed to thee, let what is revealed before thee, and the steadfast in prayer, and the givers of alms, and the believers in God and the last day,- unto these we will give a mighty hire
John Medows Rodwell1861 But their men of solid knowledge, and the believers who believe in that which hath been sent down to thee, and in what hath been sent down before thee, and who observe prayer, and pay the alms of obligation, and believe in God and the latter day, - these! we will give them a great reward
George Sale1734 But those among them who are well grounded in knowledge, and the faithful, who believe in that which hath been sent down unto thee, and that which hath been sent down unto the prophets before thee, and who observe the stated times of prayer, and give alms, and believe in God and the last day; unto these will we give a great reward
Easy-read (simplified)warusulan qad qasasnaahum 'alayka min qablu warusulan lam naqsushum 'alayka wakallama llaahu moosaa takleemaa
DIN 31635warusulan qad qaṣaṣnāhum ʿalayka min qablu warusulan lam naqṣuṣhum ʿalayka wakallama llāhu mūsā taklīman
Talal Itani2012 Some messengers We have already told you about, while some messengers We have not told you about. And God spoke to Moses directly.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And messengers We have mentioned unto thee before and messengers We have not mentioned unto thee; and Allah spake directly unto Moses
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Of apostles we have already told thee of some before; and of apostles some we have not told thee of;- But Moses did God speak to, speaking
John Medows Rodwell1861 Of some apostles we have told thee before: of other apostles we have not told thee - And discoursing did God discourse with Moses
George Sale1734 Some apostles have We sent, whom We have formerly mentioned unto thee, and other apostles have We sent, whom We have not mentioned unto thee; and God spake unto Moses, discoursing with him
Talal Itani2012 Messengers delivering good news, and bringing warnings; so that people may have no excuse before God after the coming of the messengers. God is Powerful and Wise.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Messengers of good cheer and of warning, in order that mankind might have no argument against Allah after the messengers. Allah was ever Mighty, Wise
Edward Henry Palmer1880 apostles giving glad tidings and warning, that men should have no argument against God, after the apostles, for God is mighty, wise
John Medows Rodwell1861 Apostles charged to announce and to warn, that men, after those apostles, might have no plea against God. And God is Mighty, Wise
George Sale1734 apostles declaring good tidings, and denouncing threats, lest men should have an argument of excuse against God, after the apostles had been sent unto them; God is mighty and wise
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.41 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · George Sale0.54
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.51
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.47
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.41
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.38
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.38
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.35
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.35
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.34
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.32
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.