Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
Worship God, and ascribe no partners to Him, and be good to the parents, and the relatives, and the orphans, and the poor, and the neighbornextdoor, and the distantneighbor, and the close associate, and the traveler, and your servants. God does not love the arrogantshowoff.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
And serve Allah. Ascribe no thing as partner unto Him. (Show) kindness unto parents, and unto near kindred, and orphans, and the needy, and unto the neighbour who is of kin (unto you) and the neighbour who is not of kin, and the fellow-traveller and the wayfarer and (the slaves) whom your right hands possess. Lo! Allah loveth not such as are proud and boastful
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
And serve God, and do not associate aught with Him; and to your parents show kindness, and to kindred, and orphans, and the poor, and the neighbour who is akin, and the neighbour who is a stranger, and the companion who is strange, and the son of the road, and what your right hands possess, verily, God loves not him who is proud and boastful
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Worship God, and join not aught with Him in worship. Be good to parents, and to kindred, and to orphans, and to the poor, and to a neighbour, whether kinsman or new-comer, and to a fellow traveller, and to the wayfarer, and to the slaves whom your right hands hold; verily, God loveth not the proud, the vainboaster
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Serve God, and associate no creature with him; and shew kindness unto parents, and relations, and orphans, and the poor, and your neighbour who is of kin to you, and also your neighbour who is a stranger, and to your familiar companion, and the traveller, and the captives whom your right hands shall possess
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Adhuroni vetëm Allahun e mos adhuroni askënd përveç Tij, silluni mirë me prindërit, me të afërmit, me jetimët, me të varfrit, me fqinjin e afërm, me fqinjin e largët, me shokun që keni pranë, me udhëtarin e mbetur rrugës dhe me robërit që janë nën pushtetin tuaj, sepse vërtet Allahu nuk i do ata që janë mendjemëdhenj e mburravecë,
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
আর তোমরা এক আল্লাহর ইবাদাত করো এবং তাঁর সাথে কোনো কিছুকে শরীক করো না। পিতা-মাতার সাথে সদ্ব্যবহার করো। আত্মীয়-স্বজন, ইয়াতীম, অভাবগ্রস্ত, নিকট প্রতিবেশী, অনাত্মীয়- প্রতিবেশী, পার্শ্ববর্তী সঙ্গী-সাথী, মুসাফির ও তোমাদের অধিকারভুক্ত দাস-দাসীদের প্রতি সদ্ব্যবহার করো। নিশ্চয় আল্লাহ দাম্ভিক অহংকারীকে পছন্দ করেন না।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
I Allahu ibadet činite i ništa Mu ne pridružujte, a roditeljima činite dobro, i rođacima, i siročadima, i siromasima, i komšiji bližnjem, i komšiji daljnjem, i drugu pored sebe, i putniku, i onome koji je u vašem posjedu. Allah, doista, ne voli one koji se ohole i hvališu.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
I Allaha obožavajte i ništa Mu ne pridružujte, a roditeljima činite dobro, i rođacima, i siročadima, i siromasima, i susjedu bližnjem, i susjedu daljnjem, i drugu pored sebe, i putniku, i onome koji je u vašem posjedu. Allah, doista, ne voli one koji se ohole i hvališu.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Ndewee Alla wata on kafidu e Makko hay huunde. Jibipnaaɓe mon ɓen moƴƴoɗon e maɓɓe, e joomiraaɓe ɓadondiral'en, e wonduɓe ɓen, e waasɓe ɓen, e koɗdiijo jom-ɓaɗlondiraaɗo, e koɗdiijo baŋŋe (goɗɗuɗo,) e wonndiɗɗo baŋŋe, e ɗatniino, e ɓen ɓe jeyruɗon ñaame mon. Pellet, Alla Yiɗaa kala on laatiiɗo ñaaƴoowo mantotooɗo :
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
۞ და ემსახურეთ (და თაყვანი ეცით) მხოლოდ ერთ ალლაჰს და ნუ დაუდგენთ მას თანაზიარს; და მშობლებს კეთილად მოექეცით, ასევე ნათესავებს, ობლებს, ღარიბებს; და მეზობელს, რომელიც ნათესავია, და მეზობელს, რომელიც ნათესავი არ არის; და თანამგზავრს გვერდით (მოგზაურობაში), და (გაჭირვებულ) მგზავრს; და მათ, ვინც თქვენი მარჯვენა ხელის საკუთრებაში არიან [თქვენს მხევლებს]. ჭეშმარიტად, ალლაჰს არ უყვარს ამაყნი [მედიდურნი] და ქედმაღალნი,
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Und dient Allah und gesellt Ihm nichts bei. Und zu den Eltern sollt ihr gütig sein und (ebenso) zu den Verwandten, den Waisen, den Armen, dem verwandten Nachbarn, dem fremden Nachbarn, dem Gefährten zur Seite, dem Sohn des Weges und zu denen, die eure rechte Hand besitzt. Wahrlich, Allah liebt denjenigen nicht, der eingebildet und prahlerisch ist.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Και να λατρεύετε τον Αλλάχ και μην Του αποδίδετε εταίρους (στη λατρεία). Φερθείτε κάλλιστα στους γονείς, στους συγγενείς, στα ορφανά, στους άπορους, στους γείτονες που συνδέεστε με συγγένεια και στους γείτονες που δεν είναι συγγενείς σας, στους φίλους που είναι δίπλα σας (τις συζύγους σας και τους συντρόφους σας στο ταξίδι), στους οδοιπόρους και σ' όσους κατέχετε στο δεξί σας χέρι (σκλάβους). Πράγματι, ο Αλλάχ δεν αγαπά εκείνον που είναι υπερήφανος με αλαζονεία και ματαιόδοξος.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
तथा अल्लाह की इबादत करो और किसी चीज़ को उसका साझी न बनाओ तथा माता-पिता, रिश्तेदारों, अनाथों, निर्धनों, नातेदार पड़ोसी, अपरिचित पड़ोसी, साथ रहने वाले साथी, यात्री और अपने दास-दासियों के साथ अच्छा व्यवहार करो। निःसंदेह अल्लाह उससे प्रेम नहीं करता, जो इतराने वाला, डींगें मारने वाला हो।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
E adorate Allāh e non accomunateGli nessuno, e siate benevoli verso i genitori, e i parenti, e gli orfani, e i poveri, e il parente vicino, il vicino di casa, l’intimo amico, il viandante e gli schiavi che possedete: in verità Allāh non ama i presuntuosi e gli arroganti,
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
36. Garbinkite Allahą ir nepriskirkite Jam nieko (garbinime). Ir darykite gera tėvams, giminėms, našlaičiams, Al-Masakin (vargingiesiems), kaimynams, kurie yra jūsų artimi giminaičiai, kaimynams, kurie yra svetimi, bendražygiams, keliautojams (kuriuos sutinkate) ir tiems (vergams), kuriuos jūsų dešinės rankos valdo. Iš tiesų, Allahas nemėgsta tų, kurie yra išdidūs ir pagyrūniški.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8
Afaan Oromoo · Oromo
Rabbiin gabbaraa; Isatti homaa hin qindeessinaas. Abbaa haadhatti tola oolaa, firootaafis, yatiimotaafis, hiyyeeyyiifis, ollaa firooma qabuufis, ollaa firooma hin qabneefis, hiriyaa maddii keessan jiruufis, kara deemaafis, waan (gabroota) mirgi keessan dhuunfateefis (tola oolaa). Rabbiin nama boonaa dhaaddataa ta’e hin jaalatu.[22]
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Поклоняйтесь Аллаху и не придавайте Ему в сотоварищи ничего. И к родителям — добродетельное отношение, и к родственнику, сиротам, беднякам, соседу-родственнику, соседу-постороннему, спутнику рядом с вами, путнику, и к тем, кем овладели ваши десницы. Воистину, Аллах не любит того, кто является надменным, хвастливым —
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Аллаха обожавајте и ништа Му у обожавању не придружујте, а родитељима чините добро, и рођацима, и сирочадима, и сиромасима, и ближњем комшији, и даљњем комшији, и другу поред себе, и путнику, и ономе који је у вашем поседу. Аллах, заиста, не воли оне који се охоле и хвалишу.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Na mwabuduni Mwenyezi Mungu wala msimshirikishe na chochote. Na wafanyieni wema wazazi wawili, na jamaa, na mayatima, na masikini, na jirani wa karibu, na jirani wa ubavuni, na mwenza wa ubavuni, na mwana njia, na wale iliowamiliki mikono yenu ya kulia. Hakika, Mwenyezi Mungu hampendi mwenye kiburi anayejifahiri.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Dyrka Gud och sätt ingenting vid hans sida. Visa godhet mot föräldrarna; mot släktingarna, de faderlösa och de behövande; mot grannen som står er nära och grannen som står er fjärran; mot vännen vid er sida, den nödställde resenären och dem som ni rättmätigt förfogar över. Gud tycker inte om de som är högmodiga och skrytsamma.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Yalnızca Allah’a ibadet edin ve O'na hiçbir şeyi ortak koşmayın. Ana babaya, akrabaya, yetimlere, yoksullara, yakın komşuya, uzak komşuya, yanınızdaki arkadaşa, yolda kalmışa, elinizin altındakilere iyilik edin. Şüphesiz Allah, kibirlenen ve övünen kimseleri sevmez.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
اور اللہ تعالیٰ کی عبادت کرو اور اس کے ساتھ کسی کو شریک نہ کرو اور ماں باپ کے ساتھ سلوک واحسان کرو اور رشتہ داروں سے اور یتیموں سے اور مسکینوں سے اور قرابت دار ہمسایہ سے اور اجنبی ہمسایہ سے[1] اور پہلو کے ساتھی سے[2] اور راه کے مسافر سے اور ان سے جن کے مالک تمہارے ہاتھ ہیں، (غلام کنیز)[3] یقیناً اللہ تعالیٰ تکبر کرنے والوں اور شیخی خوروں کو پسند نہیں فرماتا۔[4]
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, as God has given some of them an advantage over others, and because they spend out of their wealth. The good women are obedient, guarding what God would have them guard. As for those from whom you fear disloyalty, admonish them, and abandon them in their beds, then strike them. But if they obey you, seek no way against them. God is Sublime, Great.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Men are in charge of women, because Allah hath made the one of them to excel the other, and because they spend of their property (for the support of women). So good women are the obedient, guarding in secret that which Allah hath guarded. As for those from whom ye fear rebellion, admonish them and banish them to beds apart, and scourge them. Then if they obey you, seek not a way against them. Lo! Allah is ever High, Exalted, Great
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Men stand superior to women in that God hath preferred some of them over others, and in that they expend of their wealth: and the virtuous women, devoted, careful (in their husbands') absence, as God has cared for them. But those whose perverseness ye fear, admonish them and remove them into bed-chambers and beat them; but if they submit to you, then do not seek a way against them; verily, God is high and great
John Medows Rodwell1861 Men are superior to women on account of the qualities with which God hath gifted the one above the other, and on account of the outlay they make from their substance for them. Virtuous women are obedient, careful, during the husband's absence, because God hath of them been careful. But chide those for whose refractoriness ye have cause to fear; remove them into beds apart, and scourage them: but if they are obedient to you, then seek not occasion against them: verily, God is High, Great
George Sale1734 Men shall have the pre-eminence above women, because of those advantages wherein God hath caused the one of them to excel the other, and for that which they expend of their substance in maintaining their wives. The honest women are obedient, careful in the absence of their husbands, for that God preserveth them, by committing them to the care and protection of the men. But those, whose perverseness ye shall be apprehensive of, rebuke; and remove them into separate apartments, and chastise them. But if they shall be obedient unto you, seek not an occasion of quarrel against them; for God is high and great
Easy-read (simplified)wa'in khiftum shiqaaqa baynihimaa fab'athoo hakaman min ahlihi wahakaman min ahlihaa in yureedaa islaahan yuwaffiqi llaahu baynahumaa inna llaaha kaana 'aleeman khabeeraa
DIN 31635waʾin ḫiftum šiqāqa baynihimā fabʿaṯū ḥakaman min ʾahlihi waḥakaman min ʾahlihā ʾin yurīdā ʾiṣlāḥan yuwaffiqi llāhu baynahumā ʾinna llāha kāna ʿalīman ḫabīran
Talal Itani2012 If you fear a breach between the two, appoint an arbiter from his family and an arbiter from her family. If they wish to reconcile, God will bring them together. God is Knowledgeable, Expert.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And if ye fear a breach between them twain (the man and wife), appoint an arbiter from his folk and an arbiter from her folk. If they desire amendment Allah will make them of one mind. Lo! Allah is ever Knower, Aware
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And if ye fear a breach between the two, then send a judge from his people and a judge from her people. If they wish for reconciliation, God will arrange between them; verily, God is knowing and aware
John Medows Rodwell1861 And if ye fear a breach between man and wife, then send a judge chosen from his family, and a judge chosen from her family: if they are desirous of agreement, God will effect a reconciliation between them; verily, God is knowing, apprised of all
George Sale1734 And if ye fear a breach between the husband and wife, send a judge out of his family, and a judge out of her family: If they shall desire a reconciliation, God will cause them to agree; for God is knowing and wise
Easy-read (simplified)alladheena yabkhaloona waya'muroona n-naasa bil-bukhli wayaktumoona maa aataahumu llaahu min fadlihi wa'a'tadnaa lilkaafireena 'adhaaban muheenaa
DIN 31635allaḏīna yabḫalūna wayaʾmurūna n-nāsa bil-buḫli wayaktumūna mā ʾātāhumu llāhu min faḍlihi waʾaʿtadnā lilkāfirīna ʿaḏāban muhīnan
The translators word this verse differently
Talal Itani2012 Those who are stingy, and exhort people to stinginess, and conceal what God has given them from His bounty. We have prepared for the disbelievers a disgraceful punishment.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Who hoard their wealth and enjoin avarice on others, and hide that which Allah hath bestowed upon them of His bounty. For disbelievers We prepare a shameful doom
Edward Henry Palmer1880 who are miserly and bid men be miserly too, and who hide what God has given them of His grace;- but we have prepared for the misbelievers shameful woe
John Medows Rodwell1861 Who are niggardly themselves, and bid others be niggards, and hide away what God of his bounty hath given them. We have made ready a shameful chastisement for the unbelievers
George Sale1734 for God loveth not the proud or vainglorious, who are covetous, and recommend covetousness unto men, and conceal that which God of his bounty hath given them, -- we have prepared a shameful punishment for the unbelievers
Talal Itani2012 And those who spend their money to be seen by people, and believe neither in God nor in the Last Day. Whoever has Satan as a companion-what an evil companion.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And (also) those who spend their wealth in order to be seen of men, and believe not in Allah nor the Last Day. Whoso taketh Satan for a comrade, a bad comrade hath he
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And those who expend their wealth in alms for appearance sake before men, and who believe not in God nor in the last day; - but whosoever has Satan for his mate, an evil mate has he
John Medows Rodwell1861 And for those who bestow their substance in alms to be seen of men, and believe not in God and in the last day. Whoever hath Satan for his companion, an evil companion hath he
George Sale1734 and who bestow their wealth in charity to be observed of men, and believe not in God, nor in the last day; and whoever hath Satan for a companion, an evil companion hath he
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.71 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.85
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.80
Talal Itani · George Sale0.80
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.76
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.72
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.70
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.66
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.65
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.62
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.54
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.