Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
If two groups of believers fight each other, reconcile between them. But if one groupaggresses against the other, fight the aggressinggroup until it complies with God's command. Once it has complied, reconcile between them with justice, and be equitable. God loves the equitable.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
And if two parties of believers fall to fighting, then make peace between them. And if one party of them doeth wrong to the other, fight ye that which doeth wrong till it return unto the ordinance of Allah; then, if it return, make peace between them justly, and act equitably. Lo! Allah loveth the equitable
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
And if the two parties of the believers quarrel, then make peace between them; and if one of the twainoutrages the other, then fight the party that has committed the outrage until it return to God's bidding; and if it do return then make peace between them with equity, and be just; verily, God loves the just
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
If two bodies of the faithful are at war, then make ye peace between them: and if the one of them wrong the other, fight against that party which doth the wrong, until they comeback to the precepts of God: if they comeback, make peace between them with fairness, and act impartially; God loveth those who act with impartiality
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
If two parties of the believers contend with one another, do ye endavour to compose the matter between them: And if the one of them offer an insult unto the other, fight against that party which offered the insult, until they return unto the judgment of God; and if they do return, make peace between them with equity: And act with justice; for God loveth those who act justly
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Nëse dy grupe besimtarësh luftojnë ndërmjet vete, pajtojini ato. Por, nëse njëri grup sulmon tjetrin, atëherë luftoni kundër sulmuesit derisa t'i kthehet gjykimit të Allahut. Po qe se kthehet, atëherë pajtojini ata me paanësi dhe jini të drejtë, se, me të vërtetë, Allahu i do të drejtët.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
আর যদি মু’মিনদের দু’দল পরস্পর যুদ্ধে লিপ্ত হয়, তাহলে তোমরা তাদের মধ্যে মীমাংসা করে দাও। অতঃপর যদি তাদের একদল অপর দলের ওপর বাড়াবাড়ি করে, তাহলে যে দলটি সীমালঙ্ঘন করবে, তার বিরুদ্ধে তোমরা যুদ্ধ করো; যতক্ষণ না সে দলটি আল্লাহর বিধানের দিকে ফিরে আসে। তারপর যদি দলটি ফিরে আসে তাহলে তাদের উভয়ের মধ্যে ইনসাফের সাথে মীমাংসা করো এবং ন্যায়বিচার করো। নিশ্চয় আল্লাহ ন্যায়বিচারকারীদেরকে ভালোবাসেন।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Ako se dvije skupine vjernika sukobe, izmirite ih. A ako jedna od njih ipak učini nasilje drugoj, onda se borite protiv one koja je učinila nasilje sve dok se Allahovim propisima ne prikloni. Pa ako se prikloni, onda ih nepristrasno izmirite i budite pravedni. – Allah zaista pravedne voli.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Ako se dvije skupine vjernika sukobe, izmirite ih. A ako jedna od njih ipak učini nasilje drugoj, onda se borite protiv one koja je učinila nasilje sve dok se Allahovim propisima ne prikloni. Pa ako se prikloni, onda ih nepristrasno izmirite i budite pravedni; Allah zaista pravedne voli.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Si peɗle ɗiɗi e gooŋɗinɓe ɓen haɓii, moƴƴintinee hakkunde maɓɓe. Si fedde goo bewii e hoore ndeya, ko kaɓugol won'de e bewude nden, haa nde ruttoo e yamiroore Allah nden. Si nde ruttike, moƴƴintiniree hakkunde maɓɓe nunɗal. Nunɗee, tawde pellet, Allah no yiɗi nuunɗooɓe ɓeen.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
და თუ მორწმუნეთა ორი ჯგუფი ერთმანეთს დაუპირისპირდება, შეარიგეთ ისინი (ო, მორწმუნეებო) (გადაწყვეტილების მისაღებად ალლაჰის წიგნისა და შუამავლის სუნნეთისკენ მოუწოდეთ). მაგრამ თუ ერთი (ამ ორთაგან) თავს დაესხმება მეორეს, მაშინ ებრძოლეთ თავდამსხმელს, სანამ არ დაბრუნდება ალლაჰის ბრძანებაზე. და თუ ის (ამ გადაწყვეტილებას) დაემორჩილება, მაშინ შეარიგეთ ისინი სამართლიანად და იყავით მიუკერძოებელნი, ჭეშმარიტად, ალლაჰს უყვარს მიუკერძოებელნი!
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Und wenn zwei Gruppierungen von den Gläubigen miteinander kämpfen, so stiftet Frieden zwischen ihnen. Wenn nun die eine von ihnen gegen die andere widerrechtlich vorgeht, dann kämpft gegen diejenige, die widerrechtlich vorgeht, bis sie zum Befehl Allahs zurückkehrt. Wenn sie nun zurückkehrt, dann stiftet Frieden zwischen ihnen nach Gerechtigkeit und handelt dabei gerecht. Wahrlich, Allah liebt die Gerechten.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Αν δύο ομάδες πιστών μάχονται, συμφιλιώστε τους, αλλά αν μία απ' αυτές επιτεθεί άδικα εναντίον της άλλης (και αρνηθεί τη συμφιλίωση), πολεμήστε αυτήν που επιτίθεται, μέχρι να επιστρέψει στην εντολή του Αλλάχ· έπειτα, αν επιστρέψει, συμφιλιώστε τους με το δίκαιο. Και να είστε δίκαιοι, πράγματι, ο Αλλάχ αγαπά τους δίκαιους.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
और यदि ईमान वालों के दो गिरोह आपस में लड़ पड़ें, तो उनके बीच सुलह करा दो। फिर यदि दोनों में से एक, दूसरे पर अत्याचार करे, तो उस गिरोह से लड़ो, जो अत्याचार करता है, यहाँ तक कि वह अल्लाह के आदेश की ओर पलट आए। फिर यदि वह पलट[5] आए, तो उनके बीच न्याय के साथ सुलह करा दो, तथा न्याय करो। निःसंदेह अल्लाह न्याय करने वालों से प्रेम करता है।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
E se due fazioni di credenti si combattessero, mettete pace tra loro; ma se una di quelle continuasse a essere ostile, combattetela finché rientrerà nell’ordine di Allāh; se lo fa, mettete pace tra loro con giustizia e siate equi, in verità Allāh ama i giusti.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
9. Ir jeigu dvi tikinčiųjų grupės įsivelia į kovą, tuomet siek taikos tarp jų. Bet jeigu viena jų peržengia ribas prieš kitą, tuomet kovok prieš peržengėjus, kol jie paklus Allaho Įsakymui. Ir jeigu jie paklus, tuomet siek teisingo susitaikymo tarp jų, ir būk nešališkas. Iš tiesų! Allahas myli teisinguosius.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
А если две группы верующих станут сражаться, то примирите их. И если одна из них станет чинить неправедность против другой, то сражайтесь против той, которая чинит неправедность, пока она не вернётся к велению Аллаха. А когда она вернётся, то примирите их справедливо и будьте беспристрастны. Воистину, Аллах любит беспристрастных.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Ако се две скупине верника сукобе, измирите их. А ако једна од њих ипак учини насиље другој, онда се борите против оне која је учинила насиље све док се Аллаховим прописима не приклони. Па ако се приклони, онда их непристрасно измирите и будите праведни. Аллах заиста воли праведне.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Na ikiwa makundi mawili katika Waumini yanapigana, basi yapatanisheni. Na likiwa moja la hao linamdhulumu mwenziwe, basi lipigeni linalodhulumu mpaka lirejee kwenye amri ya Mwenyezi Mungu. Na likirudi, basi yapatanisheni kwa uadilifu. Na hukumuni kwa haki. Hakika Mwenyezi Mungu anawapenda wanaohukumu kwa haki.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Om två grupper av troende hamnar i strid ska ni medla mellan dem. Men om den ena gruppen angriper den andra ska ni bekämpa de som begick övergrepp tills de återvänder till Guds befallning. Om de rättar sig, skapa då en rättvis förlikning mellan dem och var opartiska; Gud älskar verkligen de som agerar opartiskt.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Eğer Müminlerden iki grup savaşa tutuşurlarsa, aralarını düzeltin. Eğer biri diğerine saldırırsa, Allah’ın emrine dönünceye kadar saldırana karşı savaşın. Eğer dönerse, aralarını adaletle düzeltin ve adil davranın. Şüphesiz Allah, adaletli olanları sever.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
اور اگر مسلمانوں کی دو جماعتیں آپس میں لڑ پڑیں تو ان میں میل ملاپ کرا دیا کرو[1] ۔ پھر اگر ان دونوں میں سے ایک جماعت دوسری جماعت پر زیادتی کرے تو تم (سب) اس گروه سے جو زیادتی کرتا ہے لڑو۔ یہاں تک کہ وه اللہ کے حکم کی طرف لوٹ آئے[2]، اگر لوٹ آئے تو پھر انصاف کے ساتھ صلح کرا دو[3] اور عدل کرو بیشک اللہ تعالیٰ انصاف کرنے والوں سے محبت کرتا ہے.[4]
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Easy-read (simplified)wa'lamoo anna feekum rasoola llaahi law yutee'ukum fee katheerin mina l-'amri la'anittum walaakinna llaaha habbaba ilaykumu l-'eemaana wazayyanahu fee quloobikum wakarraha ilaykumu l-kufra wal-fusooqa wal-'isyaana oolaa'ika humu r-raashidoon
DIN 31635waʿlamū ʾanna fīkum rasūla llāhi law yuṭīʿukum fī kaṯīrin mina l-ʾamri laʿanittum walākinna llāha ḥabbaba ʾilaykumu l-ʾīmāna wazayyanahu fī qulūbikum wakarraha ʾilaykumu l-kufra wal-fusūqa wal-ʿiṣyāna ʾūlāʾika humu r-rāšidūna
Talal Itani2012 And know that among you is the Messenger of God. Had he obeyed you in many things, you would have suffered hardship. But God has given you the love of faith, and adorned it in your hearts, and made disbelief, mischief, and rebellion hateful to you. These are the rightly guided.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And know that the messenger of Allah is among you. If he were to obey you in much of the government, ye would surely be in trouble; but Allah hath endeared the faith to you and hath beautified it in your hearts, and hath made disbelief and lewdness and rebellion hateful unto you. Such are they who are the rightly guided
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And know that among you is the Apostle of God; if he should obey you in many a matter ye would commit a sin; God has made faith beloved by you, and has made it seemly in your hearts, and has made misbelief and iniquity and rebellion hateful to you.- These are the rightly directed
John Medows Rodwell1861 And know that an Apostle of God is among you! should he give way to you in many matters ye would certainly become guilty of a crime. But God hath endeared the faith to you, and hath given it favour in your hearts, and hath made unbelief, and wickedness, and disobedience hateful to you. Such are they who pursue a right course
George Sale1734 And know that the apostle of God is among you: If he should obey you in many things, ye would certainly be guilty of a crime, in leading him into a mistake. But God hath made the faith amiable unto you, and hath prepared the same in your hearts; and hath rendered infidelity, and iniquity, and disobedience hateful unto you. These are they who walk in the right way
Talal Itani2012 The believers are brothers, so reconcile between your brothers, and remain conscious of God, so that you may receive mercy.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 The believers are naught else than brothers. Therefore make peace between your brethren and observe your duty to Allah that haply ye may obtain mercy
Edward Henry Palmer1880 The believers are but brothers, so make peace between your two brethren and fear God, haply ye may obtain mercy
John Medows Rodwell1861 Only the faithful are brethren; wherefore make peace between your brethren; and fear God, that ye may obtain mercy
George Sale1734 Verily the true believers are brethren: Wherefore reconcile your brethren; and fear God, that ye may obtain mercy
Talal Itani2012 O you who believe! No people shall ridicule other people, for they may be better than they. Nor shall any women ridicule other women, for they may be better than they. Nor shall you slander one another, nor shall you insult one another with names. Evil is the return to wickedness after having attained faith. Whoever does not repent-these are the wrongdoers.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 O ye who believe! Let not a folk deride a folk who may be better than they (are), not let women (deride) women who may be better than they are; neither defame one another, nor insult one another by nicknames. Bad is the name of lewdness after faith. And whoso turneth not in repentance, such are evil-doers
Edward Henry Palmer1880 O ye who believe! let not one class ridicule another who are perchance better than they; nor let women ridicule other women who are perchance better than they; and do not defame each other, nor call each other bad names - an ill name is iniquity after faith
John Medows Rodwell1861 O Believers! let not men laugh men to scorn who haply may be better than themselves; neither let women laugh women to scorn who may haply be better than themselves! Neither defame one another, nor call one another by nicknames. Bad is it to be called wicked after having professed the faith: and whoso repent not of this are doers of wrong
George Sale1734 O true believers, let not men laugh other men to scorn; who peradventure may be better than themselves: Neither let women laugh other women to scorn; who may possibly be better than themselves. Neither defame one another; nor call one another by opprobrious appellations. An ill name it is to be charged with wickedness, after having embraced the faith: And whoso repenteth not, they will be the unjust doers
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.66 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.77
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.76
Talal Itani · George Sale0.74
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.67
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.63
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.62
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.62
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.61
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.58
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.56
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.