Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
But whoever cannot find the means must fast for two consecutive months before they may touch one another. And if he is unable, then the feeding of sixty needy people. This, in order that you affirm your faith in God and His Messenger. These are the ordinances of God. The unbelievers will have a painful punishment.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
And he who findeth not (the wherewithal), let him fast for two successive months before they touch one another; and for him who is unable to do so (the penance is) the feeding of sixty needy ones. This, that ye may puttrust in Allah and His messenger. Such are the limits (imposed by Allah); and for disbelievers is a painful doom
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
But he who finds not (the means):- then a fast for two months consecutively, before they touch each other; and he who cannot endure that:- then the feeding of sixty poor folk. That is that ye may believe in God and His Apostle; and these are the bounds of God; and for the misbelievers is grievous woe
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
And he who findeth not a captive to setfree, shall fast two months in succession before they two cometogether. And he who shall not be able to do so, shall feed sixty poor men. This, that he may believe in God and His Apostle. These are the statutes of God: and for the unbelievers is an afflictivechastisement
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
And whoso findeth not a captive to redeem, shall observe a fast of two consecutive months, before they touch one another. And whoso shall not be able to fast that time, shall feed threescore poor men, This is ordained you, that ye may believe in God and his apostle. These are the statutes of God: And for the unbelievers is prepared a grievous torment
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
E kush nuk ka mundësi (të lirojë një rob), duhet të agjërojë dy muaj rresht, para se të preken mes vete. E kush nuk ka mundësi as për këtë, duhet të ushqejë gjashtëdhjetë të varfër. Kjo, që të besoni Allahun dhe të Dërguarin e Tij. Këta janë kufijtë e Allahut. Ndërkaq, për jobesimtarët ka dënim të dhembshëm.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
অতঃপর যে (দাসমুক্ত করার সামর্থ্য) না পায়, সে তাদের উভয়ের মিলিত হওয়ার আগে একাধারে দুই মাস সিয়াম পালন করবে। আর যে তা করতে অক্ষম হবে, সে ষাটজন মিসকীনকে খাদ্য দেবে। এ বিধান এ জন্য যে, তোমরা আল্লাহ ও তাঁর রাসূলের প্রতি ঈমান রাখো। এগুলো আল্লাহর নির্ধারিত সীমারেখা।(৪) আর কাফিরদের জন্য রয়েছে যন্ত্রণাদায়ক শাস্তি।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Onaj koji ne nađe, dužan je dva mjeseca uzastopce postiti prije nego jedno drugo dodirnu. A onaj ko ne može, dužan je šezdeset siromaha nahraniti, zato da biste potvrdili da u Allaha i Poslanika Njegova vjerujete – to su Allahovi propisi. A nevjernike čeka kazna bolna.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Onaj koji ne nađe, dužan je dva mjeseca uzastopce postiti prije nego jedno drugo dodirnu. A onaj tko ne može, dužan je šezdeset siromaha nahraniti, zato da biste potvrdili da u Allaha i Poslanika Njegova vjerujete – to su Allahovi propisi. A nevjernike čeka kazna bolna.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Kala mbo dañaani yo o hoor lebbi ɗiɗi dewandirɗi ko adii ndeɓe mandirta kala mbo kattanaani yo o ñammin miskineeɓe capanɗe njeegom, ɗuum ko ngam ngoonɗinon Alla e nelaaɗo makko ko ɗuum woni keerol Alla woodanii he'eferɓe lepte cattuɗe.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
ხოლო ვინც ვერ იპოვის (მონას რათა გაანთავისუფლოს), მაშინ ზედიზედ ორი თვე იმარხულოს, ვიდრე ერთმანეთს შეეხებიან (ცოლ-ქმარი ინტიმურად). ხოლო ვისაც არ შეუძლია, მაშინ სამოცი ღატაკი დააპუროს. ეს იმიტომ, რომ ირწმუნოთ ალლაჰი და მისი შუამავალი. და ეს ალლაჰის მიერ დაწესებული საზღვრებია. ხოლო ურწმუნოთათვის მწარე სასჯელია.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Wer aber keinen (Sklaven zur Befreiung) findet, (der hat) zwei aufeinanderfolgende Monate (zu) fasten, bevor sie beide einander berühren. Wer aber (dazu) nicht imstande ist, (der hat) sechzig Arme (zu) speisen. Dies, damit ihr an Allah und Seinen Gesandten glaubt. Und diese sind die Grenzen Allahs. Und für die Ungläubigen wird es schmerzhafte Strafe geben.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Και όποιος δεν βρίσκει (σκλάβο για να τον απελευθερώσει ή χρήματα για να απελευθερώσει έναν σκλάβο), τότε πρέπει να νηστέψει για δύο συνεχόμενους μήνες πριν να αγγίξουν ο ένας τον άλλο. Κι εκείνος που δεν μπορεί (να νηστέψει), τότε ας ταΐσει εξήντα ενδεείς. Αυτό για να πιστέψετε στον Αλλάχ και τον Αγγελιαφόρο Του (τελώντας ό,τι έχει διατάξει ο Αλλάχ και ακολουθώντας τη Σούννα -παράδοση- του Προφήτη, και αποφεύγοντας αυτή την αμαρτία). Αυτά είναι τα όρια που τέθηκαν από τον Αλλάχ, και για τους άπιστους (που αρνούνται αυτά τα όρια), θα υπάρξει ένα επώδυνο μαρτύριο.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
फिर जो व्यक्ति (दास) न पाए, तो उसे एक-दूसरे को हाथ लगाने से पहले निरंतर दो महीने रोज़े रखना है। फिर जो इसका (भी) सामर्थ्य न रखे, उसे साठ निर्धनों को भोजन कराना है। यह (आदेश) इसलिए है, ताकि तुम अल्लाह तथा उसके रसूल पर ईमान लाओ। और ये अल्लाह की सीमाएँ हैं तथा काफ़िरों के लिए दुःखदायी यातना है।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
Ma chi non ha i mezzi, deve digiunare per due mesi consecutivi, prima di ricongiungersi; chi non può, deve sfamare sessanta poveri: ciò per consolidare la vostra fede in Allāh e nel Suo Messaggero. E quelli sono i termini di Allāh e per i miscredenti ci sarà una dolorosa punizione.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
4. O tam, kuris neranda (vergo), – tada, dviejų iš eilės einančių mėnesių pasninkas iki tol, kol jie vienas kitą paliečia. O tam, kuris negali, – tada, šešiasdešimties varguolių pamaitinimas. Tai tam, kad jūs (visiškai) patikėtumėte Allahą ir Jo Pasiuntinį. Ir tai yra Allaho (nustatytos) ribos. O netikintiesiems – skausminga bausmė.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8
Afaan Oromoo · Oromo
Namni (gabra bilisoomsu) hin argatin, odoo wal hin tuqin dura ji'oota walitti aanan lama soomuutu isaan irra jira. Namni (kana) hin danda'in, miskiinoota (hiyyeeyyii) jaahaatama nyaachisuu qaba. Kun akka Rabbiifi ergamaa Isaatti amantaniifi. isheen tun daangaalee Rabbiiti. Kaafirootaf adabbii laaleessaa ta'etu jira. [3]
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
А кто не найдёт [раба], тому следует поститься два месяца подряд прежде, чем они коснутся друг друга. А кто не сможет, тому следует накормить шестьдесят бедняков. Это — для того, чтобы вы уверовали в Аллаха и Его Посланника. Таковы границы Аллаха. А для отвергших веру — мучительное наказание.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Онај који не нађе, дужан је да пости два месеца узастопно пре него једно друго додирну. А онај ко не може, дужан је да нахрани шездесет сиромаха, зато да бисте потврдили да у Аллаха и Његовог Посланика верујете – то су Аллахови прописи. А невернике чека болна казна.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Na asiyepata mtumwa kumkomboa, basi na afunge saumu miezi miwili mfululizo kabla hawajagusana. Na asiyeweza hayo, basi awalishe masikini sitini. Hayo ni hivyo ili mumuamini Mwenyezi Mungu na Mtume wake. Na hiyo ndiyo mipaka ya Mwenyezi Mungu. Na makafiri watapata adhabu chungu.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Den som inte har möjlighet till det ska fasta två månader i följd för att samlivet ska få återupptas. Kan han inte det ska han ge mat åt sextio behövande. Detta [är föreskrivet] för att ni ska ha en fast tro på Gud och hans sändebud. Dessa är Guds gränser. Och för de otrogna väntar ett smärtsamt straff.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Kim (bu imkânı) bulamazsa, yine birbirleriyle temas etmeden önce peş peşe oruç tutmalıdır. Buna gücü yetmeyenin de altmış yoksulu doyurması gerekir. İşte bu, Allah'a ve Rasûlüne iman etmeniz içindir. İşte bunlar, Allah’ın sınırlarıdır. Kâfirler için acı bir azap vardır.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
ہاں جو شخص نہ پائے اس کے ذمہ دو مہینوں کے لگاتار روزے ہیں اس سے پہلے کہ ایک دوسرے کو ہاتھ لگائیں اور جس شخص کو یہ طاقت بھی نہ ہو اس پر ساٹھ مسکینوں کا کھانا کھلانا ہے۔ یہ اس لیے کہ تم اللہ کی اور اس کے رسول کی حکم برداری کرو، یہ اللہ تعالیٰ کی مقرر کرده حدیں ہیں اور کفار ہی کے لیے درد ناک عذاب ہے.
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Easy-read (simplified)alladheena yuzaahiroona minkum min nisaa'ihim maa hunna ummahaatihim in ummahaatuhum illaa llaa'ee waladnahum wa'innahum layaqooloona munkaran mina l-qawli wazooran wa'inna llaaha la'afuwwun ghafoor
DIN 31635allaḏīna yuẓāhirūna minkum min nisāʾihim mā hunna ʾummahātihim ʾin ʾummahātuhum ʾillā llāʾī waladnahum waʾinnahum layaqūlūna munkaran mina l-qawli wazūran waʾinna llāha laʿafuwwun ġafūrun
Talal Itani2012 Those of you who estrange their wives by equating them with their mothers-they are not their mothers. Their mothers are none else but those who gave birth to them. What they say is evil, and a blatant lie. But God is Pardoning and Forgiving.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Such of you as put away your wives (by saying they are as their mothers) - They are not their mothers; none are their mothers except those who gave them birth - they indeed utter an ill word and a lie. And lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Those among you who back out of their wives they are not their mothers: their mothers are only those who gave them birth; and, verily, they speak a wrong speech and a false. Verily, God both pardons and forgives
John Medows Rodwell1861 As to those of you who put away their wives by saying, "Be thou to me as my mother's back" their mothers they are not; they only are their mothers who gave them birth! they certainly say a blameworthy thing and an untruth: But truly, God is Forgiving, Indulgent
George Sale1734 As to those among you who divorce their wives, by declaring that they will thereafter regard them as their mothers; let them know that they are not their mothers. They only are their mothers who brought them forth; and they certainly utter an unjustifiable saying, and a falsehood: But God is gracious and ready to forgive
Easy-read (simplified)walladheena yuzaahiroona min nisaa'ihim thumma ya'oodoona limaa qaaloo fatahreeru raqabatin min qabli an yatamaassaa dhaalikum too'azoona bihi wallaahu bimaa ta'maloona khabeer
DIN 31635wallaḏīna yuẓāhirūna min nisāʾihim ṯumma yaʿūdūna limā qālū fataḥrīru raqabatin min qabli ʾan yatamāssā ḏālikum tūʿaẓūna bihi wallāhu bimā taʿmalūna ḫabīrun
Talal Itani2012 Those who estrange their wives by equating them with their mothers, then go back on what they said, must set free a slave before they may touch one another. To this you are exhorted, and God is well aware of what you do.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Those who put away their wives (by saying they are as their mothers) and afterward would go back on that which they have said, (the penalty) in that case (is) the freeing of a slave before they touch one another. Unto this ye are exhorted; and Allah is Informed of what ye do
Edward Henry Palmer1880 But those who back out of their wives and then would recall their speech,- then the manumission of a captive before they touch each other; that is what ye are admonished, and God of what ye do is well aware
John Medows Rodwell1861 And those who thus put away their wives, and afterwards would recall their words, must free a captive before they can come together again. To this are ye warned to conform: and God is aware of what ye do
George Sale1734 Those who divorce their wives by declaring that they will for the future regard them as their mothers, and afterwards would repair what they have said, shall be obliged to free a captive, before they touch one another. This is what ye are warned to perform: And God is well apprized of that which ye do
DIN 31635ʾinna llaḏīna yuḥāddūna llāha warasūlahu kubitū kamā kubita llaḏīna min qablihim waqad ʾanzalnā ʾāyātin bayyinātin walilkāfirīna ʿaḏābun muhīnun
Talal Itani2012 Those who oppose God and His Messenger will be subdued, as those before them were subdued. We have revealed clear messages. The unbelievers will have a demeaning punishment.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Lo! those who oppose Allah and His messenger will be abased even as those before them were abased; and We have sent down clear tokens, and for disbelievers is a shameful doom
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Verily, those who oppose God and His Apostle shall be upset, as those before them were upset. We have sent down manifest signs: for the misbelievers is shameful woe
John Medows Rodwell1861 Truly they who oppose God and His Apostle shall be brought low, as those who were before them were brought low. And now have we sent down demonstrative signs: and, for the Infidels is a shameful chastisement
George Sale1734 Verily they who oppose God and his apostle, shall be brought low, as the unbelievers who preceded them were brought low. And now have We sent down manifest signs: And an ignominious punishment awaiteth the unbelievers
Talal Itani2012 On the Day when God resurrects them all, and informs them of what they did. God has kept count of it, but they have forgotten it. God is Witness over everything.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 On the day when Allah will raise them all together and inform them of what they did. Allah hath kept account of it while they forgot it. And Allah is Witness over all things
Edward Henry Palmer1880 on the day when God shall raise them all together, and shall inform them of what they have done. God has taken account of it, but they forget it; for God is witness over all
John Medows Rodwell1861 On the day when God shall raise them all to life, and shall tell them of their doings. God hath taken count of them, though they have forgotten them! and God is witness over all things
George Sale1734 On a certain day God shall raise them all to life, and shall declare unto them that which they have wrought. God hath taken an exact account thereof; but they have forgotten the same: And God is witness over all things
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.62 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.70
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.67
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.66
Talal Itani · George Sale0.65
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.64
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.62
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.62
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.60
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.60
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.46
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.