Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
The number of months, according to God, is twelve months-in the decree of God-since the Day He created the heavens and the earth, of which four are sacred. This is the correct religion. So do not wrong yourselves during them. And fight the polytheistscollectively, as they fight you collectively, and know that God is with the righteous.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
Lo! the number of the months with Allah is twelve months by Allah'sordinance in the day that He created the heavens and the earth. Four of them are sacred: that is the right religion. So wrong not yourselves in them. And wagewar on all of the idolaters as they are wagingwar on all of you. And know that Allah is with those who keep their duty (unto Him)
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
Verily, the number of months with God is twelve months in God's Book, on the day when He created the heavens and the earth; of these are four that are sacred; that is the subsisting religion. Then do not wrong yourselves therein, but fight the idolaters, one and all, as they fight you one and all, and know that God is with those who fear
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Twelve months is the number of months with God, according to God's book, since the day when He created the Heavens and the Earth: of these four are sacred: this is the right usage: But wrong not yourselves therein; attack those who join gods with God in all, as they attack you in all: and know that God is with those who fear Him
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Moreover, the complete number of months with God, is twelve months, which were ordained in the book of God, on the day whereon He created the heavens and the earth: Of these, four are sacred. This is the right religion: Therefore deal not unjustly with your selves therein. But attack the idolaters in all the months, as they attack you in all; and know that God is with those who fear Him
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Numri i muajve tek Allahu është dymbëdhjetë, sipas Librit të Allahut, që nga dita që krijoi qiejt dhe Tokën; nga të cilët katër janë të shenjtë. Kjo është rruga e drejtë, andaj mos i bëni zullum vetvetes në këta muaj dhe luftoni të gjithë kundër idhujtarëve, ashtu si luftojnë ata të gjithë kundër jush. Dijeni se Allahu është me ata që i frikësohen Atij.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
নিশ্চয় আসমানসমূহ ও জমিন সৃষ্টির দিন থেকেই আল্লাহর কিতাবে আল্লাহর কাছে মাসসমূহের সংখ্যা বারো মাস। তার মধ্যে চারটি নিষিদ্ধ । এটাই প্রতিষ্ঠিত দীন। সুতরাং তোমরা এ মাসসমূহে নিজেদের ওপর কোন যুলম করো না। আর তোমরা সকল মুশরিকদের বিরুদ্ধে সর্বাত্মকভাবে যুদ্ধ করো, যেমনিভাবে তারা সকলে তোমাদের বিরুদ্ধে সর্বাত্মকভাবে যুদ্ধ করে। আর জেনে রাখো, নিশ্চয় আল্লাহ মুত্তাকীদের সাথে আছেন।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Broj mjeseci u Allaha je dvanaest, prema Allahovoj Knjizi, od dana kad je nebesa i Zemlju stvorio, a četiri su sveta – to je prava vjera. U njima nepravdu sebi ne činite! A borite se protiv svih višebožaca, kao što se oni svi bore protiv vas, i znajte da je Allah s bogobojaznima.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Broj mjeseci u Allaha je dvanaest, prema Allahovoj Knjizi, od dana kad je nebesa i Zemlju stvorio, a četiri su sveta – to je prava vjera. U njima nepravdu sebi ne činite! A borite se protiv svih mnogobožaca, kao što se oni svi bore protiv vas, i znajte da je Allah s bogobojaznima.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Tabitii limoore lebbi ɗin ka Alla, ko lebbi sappo e ɗiɗi, ka Alluwal Alla (deenaangal), Ñalnde O taknoo kammuuli ɗin e leydi ndin. No e majji nayi hormanteeji : Ko ɗuum woni diine ñiiɓɗa=poociiɗo. Wata on tooñu e majji woŋkiiji mon. Kaɓee sirkooɓe fof maɓɓe wano ɓe kaɓirta on ɓe fof maɓɓe. gandon pellet, Alla na wondi e gooŋɗunɓe ɓen.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
ჭეშმარიტად, თვეთა რიცხვი ალლაჰთან თორმეტია ალლაჰის წიგნში, იმ დღიდან, როცა მან შექმნა ცანი და მიწა. მათგან ოთხი აკრძალულია[1]. ესაა სწორი სარწმუნოება. მაშ, ნუ ჩაიდენთ უსამართლობას თქვენი თავის მიმართ [ამ აკრძალულ თვეებში]. და ებრძოლეთ მრავალღმერთიანებს ერთიანად, როგორც ისინი გებრძვიან თქვენ ერთიანად. და იცოდეთ, რომ ალლაჰი ღვთისმოშიშებთანაა.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Wahrlich, die Anzahl der Monate bei Allah ist zwölf Monate, im Buch Allahs (festgelegt) am Tag, an dem Er die Himmel und die Erde erschaffen hat. Davon sind vier geschützt. Dies ist die richtige Religion. So fügt euch selbst in ihnen kein Unrecht zu. Und kämpft gegen die Götzendiener allesamt wie sie gegen euch allesamt kämpfen! Und wisst, dass Allah mit den (Allah-)Fürchtenden ist!
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Πράγματι, ο αριθμός των μηνών (της χρονιάς) σύμφωνα με την κρίση του Αλλάχ είναι δώδεκα μήνες, γραμμένο στο Βιβλίο του Αλλάχ (Αλ-Λάουχ Αλ-Μαχφούδ) την ημέρα που δημιούργησε τους ουρανούς και τη Γη. Εκ των οποίων, οι τέσσερις είναι ιεροί (Δου-ελ-Κίντα, Δου-ελ-Χίτζα, Μουχάρραμ και Ράτζαμπ, όπου απαγορεύεται να γίνει μάχη). Αυτό (το προαναφερόμενο) είναι η ορθή θρησκεία, γι' αυτό μην αδικείτε τους εαυτούς σας σ' αυτούς τους μήνες (με το να παραβιάσετε την ιερότητά τους). Και πολεμήστε τους ειδωλολάτρες όλους μαζί, όπως σας πολεμούν όλοι μαζί. Και να ξέρετε ότι ο Αλλάχ είναι μ' αυτούς που φυλάσσονται από την τιμωρία Του (τηρώντας τις εντολές Του).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
निःसंदेह अल्लाह के निकट महीनों की संख्या, अल्लाह की किताब में बारह महीने है, जिस दिन उसने आकाशों तथा धरती की रचना की। उनमें से चार महीने हुरमत[16] वाले हैं। यही सीधा धर्म है। अतः इनमें अपने प्राणों पर अत्याचार[17] न करो। तथा बहुदेववादियों से सब मिलकर युद्ध करो, जैसे वे तुमसे मिलकर युद्ध करते हैं, और जान लो कि निःसंदेह अल्लाह मुत्तक़ी लोगों के साथ है।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
In verità i mesi stabiliti da Allāh sono dodici – nel Libro di Allāh, nel giorno in cui Lui ha creato il cielo e la terra – quattro mesi di questi sono sacri: quella è la giusta religione. Non fate torto alle vostre anime in questi mesi – e combattete tutti gli idolatri, come loro vi combattono tutti – e sappiate che in verità Allāh è con i devoti.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
36. Iš tiesų, Allaho mėnesių skaičius yra dvylika mėnesių (metuose), taip buvo Allaho nulemta Tą Dieną, kai Jis sukūrė dangus ir žemę. Iš jų keturi yra Draudimų (t. y. pirmasis, septintasis, vienuoliktasis ir dvyliktasis islamiškojo kalendoriaus mėnesiai). Tai teisinga religija, taigi nenuskriauskite savęs joje ir kovokite su Mušrikūn (daugiadieviais, pagonimis, stabmeldžiais, netikinčiaisiais Allaho Vienumą) bendrai kaip ir jie kovoja su jumis bendrai. Tačiau žinokite, kad Allahas yra su tais, kurie yra Al-Mutakūn (dievobaimingieji – žr. ają 2:2).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Воистину, число месяцев у Аллаха — двенадцать месяцев в Писании Аллаха, в день, когда Он сотворил небеса и землю. Из них четыре — запретных. Это — верная религия. Так не поступайте в эти [месяцы] несправедливо с самими собой. И сражайтесь с придающими Аллаху сотоварищей все вместе, так же как они сражаются с вами все вместе. И знайте, что Аллах — с богобоязненными.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Број месеци код Аллаха, заиста, је дванаест, према Аллаховој Књизи, од дана када је небеса и Земљу створио, од којих су света четири. То је права вера. У њима не чините себи неправду! А борите се сви против незнанобожаца као што се сви они боре против вас, и знајте да је Аллах уз богобојазне.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Hakika idadi ya miezi kwa Mwenyezi Mungu ni miezi kumi na miwili katika andiko la Mwenyezi Mungu tangu alipoumba mbingu na ardhi. Katika hiyo iko minne mitakatifu. Hiyo ndiyo Dini iliyonyooka sawa. Basi msidhulumu nafsi zenu humo. Na piganeni na washirikina wote kama wao wanavyopigana nanyi nyote. Na jueni kuwa Mwenyezi Mungu yu pamoja na wacha Mungu.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Enligt Guds ordning finns det tolv månader, något som fastställdes i Guds bok den dag han skapade himlarna och jorden. Fyra av dem är helgade. Det är den rätta ordningen. Gör er inte själva orätt under dem! Och strid mot avgudadyrkarna allesammans, liksom de strider mot er allesammans. Vet att Gud är med de gudfruktiga.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Gökleri ve yeri yarattığı günde Allah'ın (Levh-i Mahfuz'daki) yazısında Allah katında ayların sayısı on ikidir. Bunlardan dördü haram aylardır. Bu dosdoğru bir dindir. O aylarda kendinize zulmetmeyin. Fakat sizinle topyekün savaşan müşriklerle de topyekün savaşın! Bilin ki Allah muttakilerle beraberdir.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
مہینوں کی گنتی اللہ کے نزدیک کتاب اللہ میں باره کی ہے، اسی دن سے جب سے آسمان وزمین کو اس نے پیدا کیا ہے اس میں سے چار حرمت وادب کے ہیں[1] ۔ یہی درست دین ہے[2]، تم ان مہینوں میں اپنی جانوں پر ﻇلم نہ کرو[3] اور تم تمام مشرکوں سے جہاد کرو جیسے کہ وه تم سب سے لڑتے ہیں[4] اور جان رکھو کہ اللہ تعالی متقیوں کے ساتھ ہے۔
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 O you who believe! Many of the rabbis and priests consume people's wealth illicitly, and hinder from God's path. Those who hoard gold and silver, and do not spend them in God's cause, inform them of a painful punishment.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 O ye who believe! Lo! many of the (Jewish) rabbis and the (Christian) monks devour the wealth of mankind wantonly and debar (men) from the way of Allah. They who hoard up gold and silver and spend it not in the way of Allah, unto them give tidings (O Muhammad) of a painful doom
Edward Henry Palmer1880 O ye who believe! verily, many of the doctors and the monks devour the wealth of men openly, and turn folk from God's way; but those who store up gold and silver and expend it not in God's way,- give them glad tidings of grievous woe
John Medows Rodwell1861 O Believers! of a truth, many of the teachers and monks do devour man's substance in vanity, and turn them from the Way of God. But to those who treasure up gold and silver and expend it not in the Way of God, announce tidings of a grievous torment
George Sale1734 O true believers, verily many of the priests and monks devour the substance of men in vanity, and obstruct the way of God. But unto whose who treasure up gold and silver, and employ it not for the advancement of God's true religion, denounce a grievous punishment
Talal Itani2012 On the Day when they will be heated in the Fire of Hell, then their foreheads, and their sides, and their backs will be branded with them: "This is what you hoarded for yourselves; so taste what you used to hoard."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 On the day when it will (all) be heated in the fire of hell, and their foreheads and their flanks and their backs will be branded therewith (and it will be said unto them): Here is that which ye hoarded for yourselves. Now taste of what ye used to hoard
Edward Henry Palmer1880 On the day when it shall be heated in the fire of hell, and their brows shall be branded therewith, and their sides and their backs! - 'This is what ye stored up for yourselves, taste then what ye stored up
John Medows Rodwell1861 On that day their treasures shall be heated in hell fire, and their foreheads, and their sides, and their backs, shall be branded with them. . . . "This is what ye have treasured up for yourselves: taste, therefore, your treasures
George Sale1734 On the day of judgment their treasures shall be intensely heated in the fire of hell, and their foreheads, and their sides, and their backs shall be stigmatized therewith; and their tormentors shall say, this is what ye have treasured up for your souls; taste therefore that which ye have treasured up
Talal Itani2012 Postponement is an increase in disbelief-by which those who disbelieve are led astray. They allow it one year, and forbid it another year, in order to conform to the number made sacred by God, thus permitting what God has forbidden. The evil of their deeds seems good to them. God does not guide the disbelieving people.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Postponement (of a sacred month) is only an excess of disbelief whereby those who disbelieve are misled; they allow it one year and forbid it (another) year, that they may make up the number of the months which Allah hath hallowed, so that they allow that which Allah hath forbidden. The evil of their deeds is made fairseeming unto them. Allah guideth not the disbelieving folk
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Verily, putting off is but an increase in misbelief to lead astray therewith those who misbelieve. They make it lawful one year, but they make it unlawful another year, that they may come to an understanding as to the number which God has made sacred, and make lawful what God has prohibited. Seemly to them are their evil works, but God guides not a misbelieving people
John Medows Rodwell1861 To carry over a sacred month to another, is only a growth of infidelity. The Infidels are led into error by it. They allow it one year, and forbid it another, that they may make good the number of months which God hath hallowed, and they allow that which God hath prohibited. The evil of their deeds hath been prepared for them by Satan: for God guideth not the people who do not believe
George Sale1734 Verily the transferring of a sacred month to another month, is an additional infidelity. The unbelievers are led into an error thereby: They allow a month to be violated one year, and declare it sacred another year, that they may agree in the number of months which God hath commanded to be kept sacred; and they allow that which God hath forbidden. The evil of their actions hath been prepared for them: For God directeth not the unbelieving people
Talal Itani2012 O you who believe! What is the matter with you, when it is said to you, "Mobilize in the cause of God," you cling heavily to the earth? Do you prefer the present life to the Hereafter? The enjoyment of the present life, compared to the Hereafter, is only a little.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 O ye who believe! What aileth you that when it is said unto you: Go forth in the way of Allah, ye are bowed down to the ground with heaviness. Take ye pleasure in the life of the world rather than in the Hereafter? The comfort of the life of the world is but little in the Hereafter
Edward Henry Palmer1880 O ye who believe! what ailed you when ye were told to march forth in God's way, that ye sank down heavily upon the earth? were ye content with the life of this world instead of the next? but the provision of this world's life is but a little to the next
John Medows Rodwell1861 O Believers! what possessed you, that when it was said to you, "March forth on the Way of God," ye sank heavily earthwards? What! prefer ye the life of this world to the next? But the fruition of this mundane life, in respect of that which is to come, is but little
George Sale1734 O true believers, what ailed you, that, when it was said unto you, go forth to fight for the religion of God, ye inclined heavily towards the earth? Do ye prefer the present life to that which is to come? But the provision of this life, in respect of that which is to come, is but slender
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.48 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · George Sale0.58
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.54
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.53
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.52
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.50
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.49
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.48
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.42
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.40
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.35
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.