Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
It is He who made you successors on earth. Whoever disbelieves, his disbelief will recoil upon him. The disbelief of the disbelievers adds only to their Lord's disfavor of them. The disbelief of the disbelievers adds only to their perdition.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
He it is Who hath made you regents in the earth; so he who disbelieveth, his disbelief be on his own head. Their disbelief increaseth for the disbelievers, in their Lord's sight, naughtsaveabhorrence. Their disbelief increaseth for the disbelievers naughtsave loss
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
He it is who made you vicegerents in the earth, and he who misbelieves, his misbelief is against himself; but their misbelief shall only increase the misbelievers in hatred with their Lord; and their misbelief shall only increase the misbelievers in loss
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
He hath appointed you his vicegerents in the earth: And whoever believeth not, on him shall be his unbelief; and their unbelief shall only increase for the unbelievers, hatred at the hands of their Lord: - and their unbelief shall only increase for the unbelievers their own perdition
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
It is He who hath made you to succeed in the earth. Whoever shall disbelieve, on him be his unbelief: And their unbelief shall only gain the unbelievers greaterindignation in the sight of their Lord; and their unbelief shall only increase the perdition of the unbelievers
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Është Ai që ju bëri pasardhës (të njëri-tjetrit) në tokë. Kushdo që nuk beson, do të bartë barrën e mosbesimit të tij. Mosbesimi u shton jobesimtarëve vetëm hidhërim para Zotit të tyre; mosbesimi u shton jobesimtarëve vetëm humbje.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
তিনিই তোমাদেরকে জমিনে খলীফা (প্রতিনিধি) করেছেন।(১৯) সুতরাং যে কুফরী করবে, তার কুফরীর (পাপ ও শাস্তি) তার ওপরই বর্তাবে। আর কাফিরদের জন্য তাদের কুফরী তাদের রবের নিকট কেবল ক্রোধই বৃদ্ধি করে। আর কাফিরদের জন্য তাদের কুফরী কেবল ক্ষতিই বৃদ্ধি করে।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
On čini da se smjenjujete na Zemlji. Ko ne bude vjerovao, nevjerovanje njegovo je na njegovu štetu. Nevjernicima će njihovo nevjerovanje kod Gospodara njihovog samo povećati odvratnost i nevjernicima će njihovo nevjerovanje povećati propast.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
On čini da se smjenjujete na Zemlji. Tko ne bude vjerovao, nevjerovanje njegovo je na njegovu štetu. Nevjernicima će njihovo nevjerovanje kod Gospodara njihovog samo povećati odvratnost i nevjernicima će njihovo nevjerovanje povećati propast.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Ko Kaŋko woni baɗuɗo on lomtiiɓe ka leydi. Kala jedduɗo, ko e makko lorra jeddi makko yantata. Jeddugol he'eferɓe ɓen, ɓeydataa ɓe ka Joomi maɓɓe, si wanaa tikkere. Jeddugol ɓeydataa heeferɓe ɓen, si wanaa hayrere.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
იგია [ალლაჰი], რომელმაც შეგქმნათ თქვენ [დამიანებო] მემკვიდრეებად [თაობებად, რომლებიც ერთმანეთს ცვლიან] მიწაზე. ხოლო ვინც გახდება ურწმუნო თავის წინააღმდეგ იქნება მისი ურწმუნოება. და არ მოუტანს ურწმუნოთა ურწმუნოება მათი უფლის წინაშე არაფერს, გარდა სიძულვილისა. და არ მოუტანს ურწმუნოთა ურწმუნოება არაფერს, გარდა ზარალისა.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Er ist es, Der euch zu Nachfolgern auf der Erde gemacht hat. Wer nun ungläubig ist, so lastet dessen Unglaube (nur) auf ihm. Und den Ungläubigen mehrt ihr Unglaube nur noch die Abscheu bei ihrem Herrn; und den Ungläubigen mehrt ihr Unglaube nur noch den Verlust.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Είναι Αυτός που σας έκανε γενιές -που η μία διαδέχεται την άλλη- στη γη (για να σας δοκιμάσει αναφορικά με τις πράξεις σας). Όποιος αρνείται την πίστη, η απιστία του θα είναι εις βάρος του. Δε θα αυξήσει τους άπιστους, η απιστία τους, ενώπιον του Κυρίου τους, παρά μόνο σε περιφρόνηση. Δε θα αυξήσει τους άπιστους, η απιστία τους, παρά μόνο σε απώλεια.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
वही है जिसने तुम्हें धरती पर उत्तराधिकारी बनाया। फिर जिसने कुफ़्र किया, तो उसके कुफ़्र का दुष्परिणाम उसी पर होगा। और काफ़िरों को उनका कुफ़्र उनके पालनहार के यहाँ क्रोध ही में बढ़ाता है। और काफ़िरों को उनका कुफ़्र उनके घाटे ही में वृद्धि करता है।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
Lui è Colui che fece di voi eredi in terra, e chiunque nega lo fa a proprio danno, e il rifiuto dei miscredenti non serve se non a renderli più odiosi al loro Dio, e il rifiuto dei miscredenti non serve se non ad aggravare la loro rovina.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
39. Jis yra Tas, Kuris padarė jus paveldėtojais kartas po kartų žemėje, taigi kas netiki (islamiškąjį monoteizmą) – jam bus jo netikėjimas. Ir netikinčiųjų netikėjimas neprideda nieko tik jų Viešpaties neapykantą. Ir netikinčiųjų netikėjimas neprideda nieko, tik praradimą. [1]
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8
Afaan Oromoo · Oromo
Inni Isa dachii keessatti bakka bu’oota isin godhe. Namni kafare kufriin isaa isuma irratti. Kaafiroota kufriin isaanii Rabbii isaanii biratti jibbaa malee homaa isaaniif hin dabalu. Kaafiroota kufriin isaanii hoongoo malee homaa isaaniif hin dabalu.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Он — Тот, Кто сделал вас преемниками на земле. Кто отверг веру — на том [бремя] его неверия. И это неверие не прибавляет отвергшим веру ничего перед их Господом, кроме ненависти; оно же не прибавляет им ничего, кроме убытка.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Он чини да се смењујете на Земљи; ко не буде веровао, његово неверовање је на његову штету; неверницима ће њихово неверовање код њиховог Господара само да повећа презир, и неверницима ће њихово неверовање да повећа пропаст.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Yeye ndiye aliyekufanyeni wafuatizi (makhalifa) katika ardhi. Na anayekufuru, basi kufuru yake ni juu yake. Na kufuru za makafiri haziwazidishii kwa Mola wao Mlezi ila kuchukiwa. Wala kufuru za makafiri haziwazidishii ila hasara.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Det är han som har låtit er efterträda [de som levde före er] på jorden. Den som väljer otro skadar endast sig själv och de otrognas otro gör bara deras Herres avsky för dem allt större. Ja, deras otro leder dem bara mot större förlust.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
O sizi yeryüzünde halifeler yapandır. Artık kim kâfir olursa kâfir olması kendi aleyhinedir. Kâfirlere kâfirlikleri Rablerinin nezdinde aşırı bir gazaptan başka bir şey arttırmaz. Kâfirlere kâfirlikleri zarardan başka birşey arttırmaz.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
وہی ایسا ہے جس نے تم کو زمین میں آباد کیا، سو جو شخص کفر کرے گا اس کے کفر کا وبال اسی پر پڑے گا۔ اور کافروں کے لئے ان کا کفر ان کے پروردگار کے نزدیک ناراضی ہی بڑھنے کا باعﺚ ہوتا ہے، اور کافروں کے لئے ان کا کفر خساره ہی بڑھنے کا باعﺚ ہوتا ہے.[1]
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Easy-read (simplified)wahum yastarikhoona feehaa rabbanaa akhrijnaa na'mal saalihan ghayra lladhee kunnaa na'malu awalam nu'ammirkum maa yatadhakkaru feehi man tadhakkara wajaa'akumu n-nadheeru fadhooqoo famaa lilzzaalimeena min naseer
DIN 31635wahum yaṣṭariḫūna fīhā rabbanā ʾaḫriǧnā naʿmal ṣāliḥan ġayra llaḏī kunnā naʿmalu ʾawalam nuʿammirkum mā yataḏakkaru fīhi man taḏakkara waǧāʾakumu n-naḏīru faḏūqū famā lilẓẓālimīna min naṣīrin
The translators word this verse differently
Talal Itani2012 And they will scream therein, "Our Lord, let us out, and we will act righteously, differently from the way we used to act." Did We not give you a life long enough, in which anyone who wanted to understand would have understood? And the warner did come to you. So taste. The evildoers will have no helper.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And they cry for help there, (saying): Our Lord! Release us; we will do right, not (the wrong) that we used to do. Did not We grant you a life long enough for him who reflected to reflect therein? And the warner came unto you. Now taste (the flavour of your deeds), for evil-doers have no helper
Edward Henry Palmer1880 and they shall shriek therein, 'O our Lord! bring us forth, and we will do right, not what we used to do!' - 'Did we not let you grow old enough for every one who would be mindful to be mindful? and there came to you a warner!- So taste it, for the unjust shall have none to help
John Medows Rodwell1861 And therein shall they cry aloud, "Take us hence, O our Lord! righteousness will we work, and not what we wrought of old." - "Prolonged we not your days that whoever would be warned might be warned therein? And the preacher came to you - Taste it then." - There is no protector for the unjust
George Sale1734 And they shall cry out aloud in hell, saying, Lord, take us hence, and we will work righteousness, and not what we have formerly wrought. But it shall be answered them, did we not grant you lives of length sufficient, that whoever would be warned might be warned therein; and did not the preacher come unto you? Taste therefore the pains of hell. And the unjust shall have no protector
Talal Itani2012 God is the Knower of the future of the heavens and the earth. He knows what the hearts contain.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Lo! Allah is the Knower of the Unseen of the heavens and the earth. Lo! He is Aware of the secret of (men's) breasts
Edward Henry Palmer1880 verily, God knows the unseen things of the heavens and of the earth; verily, He knows the nature of men's breasts
John Medows Rodwell1861 God truly knoweth the hidden things both of the Heavens and of the Earth: for He knoweth the very secrets of the breast
George Sale1734 Verily God knoweth the secrets both of heaven and earth, for He knoweth the innermost parts of the breasts of men
Easy-read (simplified)qul ara'aytum shurakaa'akumu lladheena tad'oona min dooni llaahi aroonee maadhaa khalaqoo mina l-'ardi am lahum shirkun fee s-samaawaati am aataynaahum kitaaban fahum 'alaa bayyinatin minhu bal in ya'idu z-zaalimoona ba'duhum ba'dan illaa ghurooraa
DIN 31635qul ʾaraʾaytum šurakāʾakumu llaḏīna tadʿūna min dūni llāhi ʾarūnī māḏā ḫalaqū mina l-ʾarḍi ʾam lahum širkun fī s-samāwāti ʾam ʾātaynāhum kitāban fahum ʿalā bayyinatin minhu bal ʾin yaʿidu ẓ-ẓālimūna baʿḍuhum baʿḍan ʾillā ġurūran
Talal Itani2012 Say, "Have you considered those partners of yours that you worship instead of God? Show me what they have created on earth. Or do they have any share in the heavens?" Or have We given them a book whose clear teachings they follow? In fact, the wrongdoers promise one another nothing but delusions.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Say: Have ye seen your partner-gods to whom ye pray beside Allah? Show me what they created of the earth! Or have they any portion in the heavens? Or have We given them a scripture so they act on clear proof therefrom? Nay, the evil-doers promise one another only to deceive
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Say, 'Have ye considered your associates whom ye call on beside God?' show me what they created of the earth ; have they a share in the heavens, or have we given them a book that they rest on a manifest sign? nay the unjust promise each other naught but guile
John Medows Rodwell1861 SAY: What think ye of the gods whom ye invoke beside God? Shew me what part of the earth they have created? Had they a share in the creation of the Heavens? Have we given them a Book in which they can find proofs that they are to be called on? Nay, the wicked promise one another only deceits
George Sale1734 Say, what think ye of your deities which ye invoke besides God? Shew me what part of the earth they have created. Or had they any share in the creation of the heavens? Have We given unto the idolaters any book of revelations, so that they may rely on any proof therefrom to authorize their practice? Nay: But the ungodly make unto one another only deceitful promises
Easy-read (simplified)inna llaaha yumsiku s-samaawaati wal-'arda an tazoolaa wala'in zaalataa in amsakahumaa min ahadin min ba'dihi innahu kaana haleeman ghafooraa
DIN 31635ʾinna llāha yumsiku s-samāwāti wal-ʾarḍa ʾan tazūlā walaʾin zālatā ʾin ʾamsakahumā min ʾaḥadin min baʿdihi ʾinnahu kāna ḥalīman ġafūran
Talal Itani2012 God holds the heavens and the earth, lest they fall apart. And were they to fall apart, there is none to hold them together except He. He is Most Clement, Most Forgiving.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Lo! Allah graspeth the heavens and the earth that they deviate not, and if they were to deviate there is not one that could grasp them after Him. Lo! He is ever Clement, Forgiving
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Verily, God holds back the heavens and the earth lest they should decline; and if they should decline there is none to hold them back after Him; verily, He is clement, forgiving
John Medows Rodwell1861 Verily God holdeth fast the Heavens and the Earth that they pass not away: and if they were passing away none could hold them back but He: for He is Kind, Gracious
George Sale1734 Verily God sustaineth the heavens and the earth, lest they fail: And if they should fail, none could support the same besides Him; He is gracious and merciful
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.67 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.74
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.74
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.74
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.72
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.67
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.67
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.67
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.62
Talal Itani · George Sale0.60
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.49
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.