عَالَمِين AALAMIN Read the Qur'an in context Read the Qur'an

Is there a hidden numerical 'miracle of 19' in the Qur'an?

Key findingsEditorial

One finding for each passage this study carries, in the order the study reads them. Each is the reason that passage was signed into the study, in full and unedited - including, where the renderings disagree, the disagreement.

  1. 01 74:30 Over it are nineteen. In because it is the ONLY verse in the Qur'an containing the number, it is the verse the entire theory is built on, and it is three words long.
  2. 02 74:31 We have appointed only angels to be wardens of the Fire, and their number have We made to be a stumbling-block for those who disbelieve; that those to whom the Scripture hath been given may have certainty, and those who believe may increase in faith ... and that those in whose hearts is disease, and disbelievers, may say: what meaneth God by this similitude? In because it is the verse that immediately explains 74:30 and states what the number is FOR - and what it states is a test and a stumbling-block, not a code.
In plain wordsEditorial written by the editors, not a translation

Written by the editors. Not a translation, and not a source. It is an editorial restatement of the verses in this study and carries their name because someone has to answer for it.

There is one verse in the Qur'an with the number nineteen in it, and the next verse tells you what it is for.

74:30 says: over it are nineteen. The context, from the verses before it, is the Fire. That is the entire textual base of the theory - three words.

74:31 is the part that rarely travels with it, and it is decisive for the question as asked. It says the wardens of the Fire are angels; that their NUMBER has been made a stumbling-block for those who disbelieve; that it is so the People of the Scripture may have certainty and the believers increase in faith; and that those with disease in their hearts and the disbelievers will say - what does God mean by this similitude?

So the text does attach significance to the number. But the significance it attaches is that the number will be a TEST and a provocation - something people will stumble over and argue about. It does not present the number as a key, a cipher, or a proof, and it does not say anything is encoded by it.

The twentieth-century claim - that letter counts, word counts and surah structures throughout the Qur'an are multiples of nineteen, and that this constitutes a mathematical proof of authorship - is an argument made ABOUT the text, from computation, and it is not in the text. It also depends on decisions about which letters and words to count and which textual variants to use, which is exactly the kind of question this platform records rather than settles: the estate holds one text tradition and four renderings, and a letter-count argument would have to be run against a specific Arabic edition and defended.

This study reports what the Qur'an contains: one verse with the number, and one verse saying what the number is there to do. It does not attempt the arithmetic, and it does not endorse or refute the wider theory, which no layer here is equipped to test.

not a scholar — what this signature means

I am not a scholar, and nothing here asks you to treat me as one. The plain words on this site are my restatement of what the five translations shown above say, together with counts derived from the text itself — nothing more. I sign them so that a named person is accountable for every sentence, not so you'll take my word for anything. The authority on this page is the text and its translators. If my words don't match theirs, mine are the ones that are wrong.

Scope of this study

This platform shows the verse, its easy-read line, its translations, a plain-words reading, and each verse among its neighbours. It does not supply occasion of revelation, interpretation (tafsir) or history, and it never invents them.

What this study does not answer, and which source would be needed. It does not say on what occasion any of these verses was given: this study holds no source whose usage rights can be verified. It does not report how any commentator has read them: this study holds no either - the Arabic of , and is public domain by age, but no English edition with verifiable usage rights exists. And it offers no academic-historical reading: this study holds no such scholarship. Each of those is an absence with a named cause, not an omission.

What this rests on

Opens with 74:30, widening across 2 passages in all.

Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation, not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading. Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the same edition and their orthography differs.

The versesSource fact 2 passages, each with every cleared translation

2 passages, chosen for this question and signed as part of it. Each carries the reason it is here, and each renders in full: the Arabic, then every cleared translation of that verse under its translator's name.

Each verse opens on the translation that comes first in the site's fixed order, which runs from the newest translation to the oldest. The order is not a preference. Open Compare translations on any verse to read the others.

74:30

Why this passage is in the study finding 01

عَلَيْهَا تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ

Easy-read · not authoritative

Easy-read (simplified)'alayhaa tis'ata 'ashar

DIN 31635ʿalayhā tisʿata ʿašara

EditionTanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) ·Creative Commons Attribution 3.0

Talal Itani published 2012

Over it are Nineteen.

Compare translations (4)
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall published 1930

Above it are nineteen

Edward Henry Palmer published 1880

over it are nineteen (angels)

John Medows Rodwell published 1861

Over it are nineteen angels

George Sale published 1734

Over the same are nineteen angels appointed

Sources

EditionTanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) ·Uthmani, Version 1.1·Tanzil Project ·Creative Commons Attribution 3.0·retrieved 24 Aug 2026

Receipts Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Edition
Uthmani, Version 1.1
Custodian
Tanzil Project
Layer
canonical text
Licence
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0
Licence URL
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Commercial use
yes
Modification
contradictory
Licence text
read verbatim
Review state
cleared
Retrieved
24 August 2026
Digest
203f0f1bf3158b1e5be4ab9f8f6870e5…
Located at
https://tanzil.net/pub/download/index.php?quranType=uthmani&outType=xml
Convention
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.

CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.

Every source and rights decision →

Other languages (18)
Shqip · Albanian

Mbi të janë nëntëmbëdhjetë (melekë).

Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5

বাংলা · Bengali

তার (সাক্বারের) ওপর (নিয়োজিত) রয়েছে, ঊনিশজন (প্রহরী ফিরিশতা)।

Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2

Bosanski · Bosnian

nad njim su devetnaesterica.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4

Hrvatski · Croatian

nad njim su devetnaestorica.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1

Fulfulde · Fulani

ina e dow mannge sappa e jeenay.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2

ქართული · Georgian

მის ზემოთ [ჯოჯოხეთის ფენა "ას-საყარზე"] არიან ცხრამეტი (ანგელოზი),

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7

Deutsch · German

Über ihm gibt es neunzehn (Wächter).

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15

Ελληνικά · Greek

Πάνω της βρίσκονται δέκα εννέα (ισχυροί άγγελοι ως φύλακες και φρουροί της Κολάσεως).

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2

हिन्दी · Hindi

उसपर उन्नीस (फ़रिश्ते) नियुक्त हैं।

Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5

Italiano · Italian

Lo sorvegliano in diciannove.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2

Lietuvių · Lithuanian

30. Virš jo yra devyniolika (angelų).

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8

Afaan Oromoo · Oromo

Ishee irra (waardiyyaa) (malaaykaa) kudha sagaltu jira.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0

Русский · Russian

Над ней — девятнадцать [стражей].

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1

Српски · Serbian

над њим су деветнаесторица.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4

Kiswahili · Swahili

Juu yake wapo kumi na tisa.

Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5

Svenska · Swedish

Den bevakas av nitton.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2

Türkçe · Turkish

Üzerinde on dokuz (melek) vardır.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4

اردو · Urdu

اور اس میں انیس (فرشتے مقرر) ہیں.[1]

Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3

Show context

The verses around this oneSource fact

shown so it's never read alone

74:28

لَا تُبْقِى وَلَا تَذَرُ

Easy-read · not authoritative

Easy-read (simplified)laa tubqee walaa tadhar

DIN 31635lā tubqī walā taḏaru

The translators word this verse differently

Talal Itani2012 It neither leaves, nor spares.

Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 It leaveth naught; it spareth naught

Edward Henry Palmer1880 It will not leave and will not let alone

John Medows Rodwell1861 It leaveth nought, it spareth nought

George Sale1734 It leaveth not any thing unconsumed, neither doth it suffer any thing to escape

74:29

لَوَّاحَةٌ لِّلْبَشَرِ

Easy-read · not authoritative

Easy-read (simplified)lawwaahatun lilbashar

DIN 31635lawwāḥatun lilbašari

The translators word this verse differently

Talal Itani2012 It scorches the flesh.

Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 It shrivelleth the man

Edward Henry Palmer1880 It scorches the flesh

John Medows Rodwell1861 Blackening the skin

George Sale1734 It scorcheth mens flesh

74:30 — the verse above

74:31

وَمَا جَعَلْنَآ أَصْحَٰبَ ٱلنَّارِ إِلَّا مَلَٰٓئِكَةً وَمَا جَعَلْنَا عِدَّتَهُمْ إِلَّا فِتْنَةً لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ لِيَسْتَيْقِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَيَزْدَادَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ إِيمَٰنًا وَلَا يَرْتَابَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَلِيَقُولَ ٱلَّذِينَ فِى قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ وَٱلْكَٰفِرُونَ مَاذَآ أَرَادَ ٱللَّهُ بِهَٰذَا مَثَلًا كَذَٰلِكَ يُضِلُّ ٱللَّهُ مَن يَشَآءُ وَيَهْدِى مَن يَشَآءُ وَمَا يَعْلَمُ جُنُودَ رَبِّكَ إِلَّا هُوَ وَمَا هِىَ إِلَّا ذِكْرَىٰ لِلْبَشَرِ

Easy-read · not authoritative

Easy-read (simplified)wamaa ja'alnaa ashaaba n-naari illaa malaa'ikatan wamaa ja'alnaa 'iddatahum illaa fitnatan lilladheena kafaroo liyastayqina lladheena ootoo l-kitaaba wayazdaada lladheena aamanoo eemaanan walaa yartaaba lladheena ootoo l-kitaaba wal-mu'minoona waliyaqoola lladheena fee quloobihim maradun wal-kaafiroona maadhaa araada llaahu bihaadhaa mathalan kadhaalika yudillu llaahu man yashaa'u wayahdee man yashaa'u wamaa ya'lamu junooda rabbika illaa huwa wamaa hiya illaa dhikraa lilbashar

DIN 31635wamā ǧaʿalnā ʾaṣḥāba n-nāri ʾillā malāʾikatan wamā ǧaʿalnā ʿiddatahum ʾillā fitnatan lillaḏīna kafarū liyastayqina llaḏīna ʾūtū l-kitāba wayazdāda llaḏīna ʾāmanū ʾīmānan walā yartāba llaḏīna ʾūtū l-kitāba wal-muʾminūna waliyaqūla llaḏīna fī qulūbihim maraḍun wal-kāfirūna māḏā ʾarāda llāhu bihāḏā maṯalan kaḏālika yuḍillu llāhu man yašāʾu wayahdī man yašāʾu wamā yaʿlamu ǧunūda rabbika ʾillā huwa wamā hiya ʾillā ḏikrā lilbašari

Talal Itani2012 We have appointed only angels to be wardens of the Fire, and caused their number to be a stumbling block for those who disbelieve; so that those given the Scripture may attain certainty; and those who believe may increase in faith; and those given the Scripture and the believers may not doubt; and those in whose hearts is sickness and the unbelievers may say, "What did God intend by this parable?" Thus God leads astray whom He wills, and guides whom He wills. None knows the soldiers of your Lord except He. This is nothing but a reminder for the mortals.

Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 We have appointed only angels to be wardens of the Fire, and their number have We made to be a stumbling-block for those who disbelieve; that those to whom the Scripture hath been given may have certainty, and that believers may increase in faith; and that those to whom the Scripture hath been given and believers may not doubt; and that those in whose hearts there is disease, and disbelievers, may say: What meaneth Allah by this similitude? Thus Allah sendeth astray whom He will, and whom He will He guideth. None knoweth the hosts of thy Lord save Him. This is naught else than a Reminder unto mortals

Edward Henry Palmer1880 We have made only angels guardians of the fire, and we have only made their number a trial to those who misbelieve; that those who have been given the Book may be certain, and that those who believe may be increased in faith; and that those who have been given the Book and the believers may not doubt; and that those in whose hearts is sickness, and the misbelievers may say, 'What does God mean by this as a parable?' Thus God leads astray whom He pleases, and guides him He pleases: and none knows the hosts of thy Lord save Himself; and it is only a reminder to mortals

John Medows Rodwell1861 None but angels have we made guardians of the fire: nor have we made this to be their number but to perplex the unbelievers, and that they who possess the Scriptures may be certain of the truth of the Koran, and that they who believe may increase their faith; And that they to whom the Scriptures have been given, and the believers, may not doubt; And that the infirm of heart and the unbelievers may say, What meaneth God by this parable? Thus God misleadeth whom He will, and whom He will doth He guide aright: and none knoweth the armies of thy Lord but Himself: and this is no other than a warning to mankind

George Sale1734 We have appointed none but angels to preside over hell fire: And we have expressed the number of them only for an occasion of discord to the unbelievers; that they to whom the scriptures have been given, may be certain of the veracity of this book, and the true believers may increase in faith; and that those to whom the scriptures have been given, and the true believers may not doubt hereafter; and that those in whose hearts there is an infirmity, and the unbelievers may say, what mystery doth God intend by this number? Thus doth God cause to err whom He pleaseth; and He directeth whom He pleaseth. None knoweth the armies of thy Lord, besides Him: And this is no other than a memento unto mankind. Assuredly

74:32

كَلَّا وَٱلْقَمَرِ

Easy-read · not authoritative

Easy-read (simplified)kallaa wal-qamar

DIN 31635kallā wal-qamari

Talal Itani2012 Nay! By the moon.

Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Nay, by the Moon

Edward Henry Palmer1880 Nay, by the moon

John Medows Rodwell1861 Nay, by the Moon

George Sale1734 By the moon

74:31

Why this passage is in the study finding 02

وَمَا جَعَلْنَآ أَصْحَٰبَ ٱلنَّارِ إِلَّا مَلَٰٓئِكَةً وَمَا جَعَلْنَا عِدَّتَهُمْ إِلَّا فِتْنَةً لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ لِيَسْتَيْقِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَيَزْدَادَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ إِيمَٰنًا وَلَا يَرْتَابَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَلِيَقُولَ ٱلَّذِينَ فِى قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ وَٱلْكَٰفِرُونَ مَاذَآ أَرَادَ ٱللَّهُ بِهَٰذَا مَثَلًا كَذَٰلِكَ يُضِلُّ ٱللَّهُ مَن يَشَآءُ وَيَهْدِى مَن يَشَآءُ وَمَا يَعْلَمُ جُنُودَ رَبِّكَ إِلَّا هُوَ وَمَا هِىَ إِلَّا ذِكْرَىٰ لِلْبَشَرِ

Easy-read · not authoritative

Easy-read (simplified)wamaa ja'alnaa ashaaba n-naari illaa malaa'ikatan wamaa ja'alnaa 'iddatahum illaa fitnatan lilladheena kafaroo liyastayqina lladheena ootoo l-kitaaba wayazdaada lladheena aamanoo eemaanan walaa yartaaba lladheena ootoo l-kitaaba wal-mu'minoona waliyaqoola lladheena fee quloobihim maradun wal-kaafiroona maadhaa araada llaahu bihaadhaa mathalan kadhaalika yudillu llaahu man yashaa'u wayahdee man yashaa'u wamaa ya'lamu junooda rabbika illaa huwa wamaa hiya illaa dhikraa lilbashar

DIN 31635wamā ǧaʿalnā ʾaṣḥāba n-nāri ʾillā malāʾikatan wamā ǧaʿalnā ʿiddatahum ʾillā fitnatan lillaḏīna kafarū liyastayqina llaḏīna ʾūtū l-kitāba wayazdāda llaḏīna ʾāmanū ʾīmānan walā yartāba llaḏīna ʾūtū l-kitāba wal-muʾminūna waliyaqūla llaḏīna fī qulūbihim maraḍun wal-kāfirūna māḏā ʾarāda llāhu bihāḏā maṯalan kaḏālika yuḍillu llāhu man yašāʾu wayahdī man yašāʾu wamā yaʿlamu ǧunūda rabbika ʾillā huwa wamā hiya ʾillā ḏikrā lilbašari

Talal Itani published 2012

We have appointed only angels to be wardens of the Fire, and caused their number to be a stumbling block for those who disbelieve; so that those given the Scripture may attain certainty; and those who believe may increase in faith; and those given the Scripture and the believers may not doubt; and those in whose hearts is sickness and the unbelievers may say, "What did God intend by this parable?" Thus God leads astray whom He wills, and guides whom He wills. None knows the soldiers of your Lord except He. This is nothing but a reminder for the mortals.

Compare translations (4)
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall published 1930

We have appointed only angels to be wardens of the Fire, and their number have We made to be a stumbling-block for those who disbelieve; that those to whom the Scripture hath been given may have certainty, and that believers may increase in faith; and that those to whom the Scripture hath been given and believers may not doubt; and that those in whose hearts there is disease, and disbelievers, may say: What meaneth Allah by this similitude? Thus Allah sendeth astray whom He will, and whom He will He guideth. None knoweth the hosts of thy Lord save Him. This is naught else than a Reminder unto mortals

Edward Henry Palmer published 1880

We have made only angels guardians of the fire, and we have only made their number a trial to those who misbelieve; that those who have been given the Book may be certain, and that those who believe may be increased in faith; and that those who have been given the Book and the believers may not doubt; and that those in whose hearts is sickness, and the misbelievers may say, 'What does God mean by this as a parable?' Thus God leads astray whom He pleases, and guides him He pleases: and none knows the hosts of thy Lord save Himself; and it is only a reminder to mortals

John Medows Rodwell published 1861

None but angels have we made guardians of the fire: nor have we made this to be their number but to perplex the unbelievers, and that they who possess the Scriptures may be certain of the truth of the Koran, and that they who believe may increase their faith; And that they to whom the Scriptures have been given, and the believers, may not doubt; And that the infirm of heart and the unbelievers may say, What meaneth God by this parable? Thus God misleadeth whom He will, and whom He will doth He guide aright: and none knoweth the armies of thy Lord but Himself: and this is no other than a warning to mankind

George Sale published 1734

We have appointed none but angels to preside over hell fire: And we have expressed the number of them only for an occasion of discord to the unbelievers; that they to whom the scriptures have been given, may be certain of the veracity of this book, and the true believers may increase in faith; and that those to whom the scriptures have been given, and the true believers may not doubt hereafter; and that those in whose hearts there is an infirmity, and the unbelievers may say, what mystery doth God intend by this number? Thus doth God cause to err whom He pleaseth; and He directeth whom He pleaseth. None knoweth the armies of thy Lord, besides Him: And this is no other than a memento unto mankind. Assuredly

Sources

EditionTanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) ·Uthmani, Version 1.1·Tanzil Project ·Creative Commons Attribution 3.0·retrieved 24 Aug 2026

Receipts Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Edition
Uthmani, Version 1.1
Custodian
Tanzil Project
Layer
canonical text
Licence
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0
Licence URL
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Commercial use
yes
Modification
contradictory
Licence text
read verbatim
Review state
cleared
Retrieved
24 August 2026
Digest
203f0f1bf3158b1e5be4ab9f8f6870e5…
Located at
https://tanzil.net/pub/download/index.php?quranType=uthmani&outType=xml
Convention
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.

CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.

Every source and rights decision →

Other languages (18)
Shqip · Albanian

Ne i kemi bërë roja të Zjarrit vetëm melekët, kurse numrin e tyre e kemi bërë vetëm sprovë për jobesimtarët, si dhe që të binden ata të cilëve u është dhënë Libri e besimtarëve t’u shtohet imani. Po ashtu, që të mos kenë mëdyshje ata që u është dhënë Libri dhe besimtarët, ndërsa ata që kanë sëmundje (dyshim) në zemër dhe jobesimtarët të thonë: "Çfarë deshi të thotë Allahu me këtë shembull?" Kështu, Allahu lë në humbje kë të dojë dhe udhëzon kë të dojë. E ushtritë e Zotit tënd nuk i di askush përveç Tij. Kjo është vetëm këshillë për njerëzit.

Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5

বাংলা · Bengali

আর আমি জাহান্নামের প্রহরী হিসেবে ফেরেশতাদেরই নিযুক্ত করেছি। আর তাদের (প্রহরীদের) সংখ্যা আমি কেবল কাফিরদের জন্য পরীক্ষাস্বরূপ নির্ধারণ করেছি, যাতে আহলে কিতাবরা নিশ্চিত বিশ্বাস লাভ করে, মুমিনদের ঈমান আরও বৃদ্ধি পায়, আহলে কিতাব ও মুমিনরা কোনো সন্দেহে না থাকে, আর যাদের অন্তরে রোগ রয়েছে এবং কাফিররা বলতে থাকে, ‘আল্লাহ এ উদাহরণ দ্বারা কী বোঝাতে চেয়েছেন?’ এভাবেই আল্লাহ যাকে ইচ্ছা পথভ্রষ্ট করেন এবং যাকে ইচ্ছা সৎপথে পরিচালিত করেন। আর আপনার রবের বাহিনী সম্পর্কে তিনি ছাড়া আর কেউ জানে না। আর এটি তো মানুষের জন্য উপদেশ ছাড়া আর কিছুই নয়।

Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2

Bosanski · Bosnian

Mi smo čuvarima Vatre samo meleke postavili i odredili njihov broj kao iskušenje onima koji ne vjeruju – da se oni kojima je Knjiga data uvjere, i da se onima koji vjeruju vjerovanje poveća, i da oni kojima je Knjiga data i oni koji su vjernici ne sumnjaju, i da oni čija su srca bolesna i oni koji su nevjernici kažu: “Šta je Allah htio ovim primjerom?” Tako Allah kome hoće daje da je u zabludi i na Pravi put upućuje koga hoće. A vojske Gospodara tvoga samo On zna. I ona – Vatra ljudima je samo opomena.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4

Hrvatski · Croatian

Mi smo čuvarima Vatre samo anđele postavili i odredili njihov broj kao iskušenje onima koji ne vjeruju – da se oni kojima je Knjiga data uvjere, i da se onima koji vjeruju vjerovanje poveća, i da oni kojima je Knjiga data i oni koji su vjernici ne sumnjaju, i da oni čija su srca bolesna i oni koji su nevjernici kažu: “Što je Allah htio ovim primjerom?” Tako Allah kome hoće daje da je u zabludi i na Pravi put upućuje koga hoće. A vojske Gospodara tvoga samo On zna. I ona – Vatra ljudima je samo opomena.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1

Fulfulde · Fulani

Min mbaɗaani aynooɓe yimɓe Yiite ngen, si wonaa Malaa'ika. Min mbaɗiraani limoore maɓɓe si wonaa jarraborgol yedduɓe ɓen, e fii yo henan okkaaɓe defte ɓeen, e fii no gooŋɗinɓe ɓeen ɓeydora gooŋɗinal, e fii wata okkaaɓe defte ɓen e gooŋɗinɓe ɓen cikkito; e fii yo ɓeen ɓe ñawu woni e ɓerɗe mum e he'eferɓe ɓeen mbi'u: "Hara ko holɗum Allah faandorii e ngal misaal?" Ko wano non Allah majjinirta mo o muuyani, homo feewna kadi mo O muuyani. Hay gooto anndaa yeru koneeli Joomi maa ɗiin, si wonaa Kaŋko. Ngen [Yiite] wonaali, si wonaa waajo wonan'de neɗɗaŋke.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2

ქართული · Georgian

და ჩვენ ცეცხლის [ჯოჯოხეთის] მცველებად მხოლოდ ანგელოზები დავაყენეთ (და არა სხვები), ხოლო მათი რაოდენობა მხოლოდ გამოცდად ვაქციეთ მათთვის, ვინც ურწმუნო გახდა, და რათა დარწმუნდნენ ისინი, ვისაც წიგნი ებოძა (რომ ყურანი ალლაჰისგან მომდინარე ჭეშმარიტებაა) (რადგან მათ წიგნებშიც სწორედ ჯოჯოხეთის მცველთა ეს რაოდენობაა მოხსენიებული), და (რათა) კიდევ უფრო მოემატოთ რწმენა მათ, ვინც ირწმუნა. და (რათა) ეჭვი არ შეეპაროთ მათ, ვისაც წიგნი ებოძა, და მორწმუნეებს (რომ ყურანი ალლაჰისგან გარდმოვლენილი წიგნია). ხოლო თქვეს მათ, რომელთა გულებში სნეულებაა [თვალთმაქცებმა], და ურწმუნოებმა: «რა სურდა ალლაჰს ამით, ასეთი მაგალითის მოყვანით?» ასე[1] ალლაჰი აცდენს ჭეშმარიტ გზას, ვისაც ინებებს, და ჭეშმარიტ გზაზე დააყენებს, ვისაც ინებებს. და არავინ იცის შენი უფლის ლაშქრები, გარდა მისი. ხოლო ეს [ჯოჯოხეთის ხსენება] ადამიანებისთვის მხოლოდ შეგონებაა.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7

Deutsch · German

Und Wir haben als Wächter des (Höllen)feuers nur Engel eingesetzt, und Wir haben ihre Zahl nur zu einer Versuchung gemacht für diejenigen, die ungläubig sind, damit diejenigen Gewissheit erreichen, denen die Schrift gegeben wurde, und damit diejenigen, die glauben, (noch mehr) an Glauben zunehmen, und damit diejenigen, denen die Schrift gegeben wurde, und (auch) die Gläubigen nicht zweifeln und damit diejenigen, in deren Herzen Krankheit ist, und (auch) die Ungläubigen sagen: „Was meint denn Allah mit diesem Gleichnis?“ Auf diese Weise lässt Allah in die Irre gehen, wen Er will, und leitet recht, wen Er will. Und keiner kennt die Heerscharen deines Herrn außer Ihm. Und es ist nur eine Ermahnung für die Menschen.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15

Ελληνικά · Greek

Και δεν θέσαμε κανέναν, παρά αγγέλους ως φύλακες του Πυρός. Κι δεν ορίσαμε τον αριθμό τους (ως δεκαεννιά), παρά μόνο για να είναι ως δοκιμασία για τους άπιστους (που ένας απ' αυτούς είπε: «Δεν μπορούν κάθε δέκα από σας να νικήσουν έναν απ' αυτούς;»), και ώστε αυτοί που έλαβαν το Βιβλίο (Εβραίοι και Χριστιανοί που έλαβαν την αυθεντική Τορά και το αυθεντικό Ιν-τζείλ) να σιγουρευτούν [ότι το Κορ’άν είναι η αλήθεια, καθώς συμφωνεί με τα αυθεντικά Βιβλία που είχαν, αναφορικά με τον αριθμό δεκαεννιά], και ώστε να αυξηθούν οι πιστοί στην πίστη (καθώς το Κορ’άν είναι η αλήθεια), και για να μην αμφισβητούν αυτοί που έλαβαν το Βιβλίο (Εβραίοι και Χριστιανοί), ούτε οι πιστοί, και για να πουν εκείνοι που στις καρδιές τους βρίσκεται μια ασθένεια (της υποκρισίας) και οι άπιστοι: «Τι ήθελε ο Αλλάχ να πει μ’ αυτήν την παραβολή (αυτόν τον αριθμό);» Έτσι ο Αλλάχ οδηγεί όποιον θέλει στο να παραστρατήσει και καθοδηγεί όποιον θέλει. Και κανείς δε γνωρίζει τις στρατιές του Κυρίου σου, παρά μόνο Αυτός. Και αυτή (η Κόλαση) δεν είναι, παρά μια (προειδοποιητική) υπενθύμιση για την ανθρωπότητα.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2

हिन्दी · Hindi

और हमने जहन्नम के रक्षक फ़रिश्ते ही बनाए हैं और उनकी संख्या को काफ़िरों के लिए परीक्षण बनाया है। ताकि अह्ले किताब[8] विश्वास कर लें और ईमान वाले ईमान में आगे बढ़ जाएँ। और किताब वाले एवं ईमान वाले किसी संदेह में न पड़ें। और ताकि वे लोग जिनके दिलों में रोग है और वे लोग जो काफ़िर[9] हैं, यह कहें कि इस उदाहरण से अल्लाह का क्या तात्पर्य है? ऐसे ही, अल्लाह जिसे चाहता है गुमराह करता है और जिसे चाहता है सीधा मार्ग दिखाता है। और आपके पालनहार की सेनाओं को उसके सिवा कोई नहीं जानता। और यह तो केवल मनुष्य के लिए उपदेश है।

Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5

Italiano · Italian

Sorvegliano il Fuoco gli angeli, e non ne fissammo il numero se non per mettere alla prova i miscredenti, perché se ne accertino quelli che hanno ricevuto il Libro e si rafforzi la fede dei credenti e non dubitino quelli che hanno ricevuto il Libro e i credenti, e affinché quelli che hanno una malattia in cuore e i miscredenti dicano: «Cosa vuole dire Allāh con questo esempio?» Così Allāh svia chi vuole e guida chi vuole, e nessuno conosce i soldati del tuo Dio se non Lui, e ciò non è altro che un avvertimento per l’umanità.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2

Lietuvių · Lithuanian

31. Ir Mes nepadarėme Ugnies saugotojais (ko nors kito) nei angelų. Ir Mes padarėme jų skaičių išbandymu netikintiesiems, kad tie, kuriems buvo duotas Raštas (judėjai ir krikščionys), būtų įtikinti ir tų, kurie patikėjo, tikėjimas padidėtų, o tie, kuriems buvo duotas Raštas, bei patikėjusieji neabejotų, o tie, kurių širdyse yra liga (t. y. veidmainystė), ir netikintys sakytų: „Ką Allahas nori pasakyti šiuo pavyzdžiu?“ Tad Allahas paklaidina, ką Jis nori, ir veda teisingai, ką Jis nori. Ir niekas nežino tavojo Viešpaties kareivių, išskyrus Jį. Ir tai (Ugnies paminėjimas) yra ne kas kita kaip Priminimas žmonijai.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.8

Afaan Oromoo · Oromo

Eegdota Ibiddaa malaykota malee kan biraa hin goone. Lakkoofsa isaaniis warra kafaraniif qormaata malee hingoone, warri kitaaba kennaman akka mirkaneeffatan, warri amanan iimaana akka dabalatanuuf, warri kitaaba kennamaniifi mu'uminoonnis akka hin shakkinee, fi akka warri onnee isaanii keessa dhukkubni jiruufi kaafiroonni ‘Rabbiin (lakkoofsa) kanaan fakkeenya maalii fedhe’ jedhaniif (kana goone). Akka kanatti Rabbiin nama fedhe jallisee nama fedhe immoo qajeelcha. (Baay'ina) waraana Gooftaa keetii Isa malee homtuu hin beeku. Isheen namaaf gorsa malee waan biraatii miti.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0

Русский · Russian

Мы сделали стражами адского огня лишь ангелов и установили их число только в качестве испытания для тех, которые отвергли веру, — чтобы убедились те, которым было даровано Писание, и приумножились верой те, которые уверовали, и чтобы не сомневались ни те, кому было даровано Писание, ни верующие; и чтобы сказали те, в чьих сердцах — болезнь, а также отвергшие веру: «Что хотел Аллах этим примером?» Так Аллах сбивает с пути, кого пожелает, и наставляет на верный путь, кого пожелает. Воинства твоего Господа не знает никто, кроме Него. Это — не что иное, как напоминание для людей.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1

Српски · Serbian

Ми смо чуварима Ватре само анђеле поставили и одредили смо њихов број као искушење онима који не верују - да се увере они којима је дата Књига, и да се онима који верују повећа веровање, и да они којима је дата Књига и они који су верници не сумњају, и да они чија су срца болесна и они који су неверници кажу: „Шта је Аллах хтео овим примером?“ Тако Аллах коме хоће даје да је у заблуди, и на Прави пут упућује кога хоће. А војске твога Господара зна само Он. А Ватра је људима само опомена.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4

Kiswahili · Swahili

Na hatukuwafanya walinzi wa Motoni ila ni Malaika, wala hatukuifanya idadi yao hiyo ila kuwatatanisha waliokufuru, wapate kuwa na yakini waliopewa Kitabu, na wazidi Imani wale walioamini, wala wasiwe na shaka waliopewa Kitabu na Waumini, na wapate kusema wenye maradhi katika nyoyo zao na makafiri: "Mwenyezi Mungu amekusudia nini kwa mfano huu?" Ndiyo kama hivyo Mwenyezi Mungu humwacha apotee amtakaye, na humwongoa amtakaye. Na hapana yeyote anayejua majeshi ya Mola wako Mlezi ila Yeye tu. Na haya si chochote ila ni ukumbusho kwa binadamu.

Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5

Svenska · Swedish

Och vi har inte låtit annat än änglar vakta över elden och vi har endast angett deras antal som en prövning för de otrogna. Detta för att skriftens folk må nå full visshet och för att de troende ska stärkas i sin tro, ja, för att fullständigt utplåna varje rest av tvivel hos skriftens folk och hos de troende, och för att de med sjuka hjärtan och de otrogna ska säga: ”Vad vill Gud med detta antal?” Så låter Gud den han vill gå vilse och vägleder den han vill. Ingen känner till din Herres härskaror utom han själv. Detta är bara en påminnelse för mänskligheten.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2

Türkçe · Turkish

Biz; kendilerine kitap verilenler kesin bir bilgiyle inansın, iman edenlerin imanları artsın, kendilerine kitap verilenler ile iman edenler şüpheye kapılmasın, kalplerinde bir hastalık olanlar ile küfre sapanlar da, “Allah, bu örnekle (on dokuz sayısı ile) neyi anlatmak istedi?” desin diye o ateşin koruyucularını meleklerden başkasını kılmadık ve onların sayısını da kâfirler için yalnızca bir fitne/imtihan yaptık. Allah; dilediğini işte böyle saptırır, dilediğine de hidayet eder. Rabbinin ordularını kendisinden başkası bilemez. Bu, insanlar için bir öğütten başka bir şey değildir.

Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4

اردو · Urdu

ہم نے دوزخ کے داروغے صرف فرشتے رکھے ہیں۔ اور ہم نے ان کی تعداد صرف کافروں کی آزمائش کے لیے مقرر کی ہے[1] تاکہ اہل کتاب یقین کرلیں[2]، اوراہل ایمان کے ایمان میں اضافہ ہو جائے[3] اور اہل کتاب اور اہل ایمان شک نہ کریں اور جن کے دلوں میں بیماری ہے وه اور کافر کہیں کہ اس بیان سے اللہ تعالیٰ کی کیا مراد ہے[4]؟ اسی طرح اللہ تعالیٰ جسے چاہتا ہے گمراه کرتا ہے اور جسے چاہتا ہے ہدایت دیتا ہے[5]۔ تیرے رب کے لشکروں کو اس کے سوا کوئی نہیں جانتا[6]، یہ تو کل بنی آدم کے لیے سراسر پند ونصیحت ہے.[7]

Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.

From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3

Show context

The verses around this oneSource fact

shown so it's never read alone

74:29

لَوَّاحَةٌ لِّلْبَشَرِ

Easy-read · not authoritative

Easy-read (simplified)lawwaahatun lilbashar

DIN 31635lawwāḥatun lilbašari

The translators word this verse differently

Talal Itani2012 It scorches the flesh.

Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 It shrivelleth the man

Edward Henry Palmer1880 It scorches the flesh

John Medows Rodwell1861 Blackening the skin

George Sale1734 It scorcheth mens flesh

74:30

عَلَيْهَا تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ

Easy-read · not authoritative

Easy-read (simplified)'alayhaa tis'ata 'ashar

DIN 31635ʿalayhā tisʿata ʿašara

Talal Itani2012 Over it are Nineteen.

Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Above it are nineteen

Edward Henry Palmer1880 over it are nineteen (angels)

John Medows Rodwell1861 Over it are nineteen angels

George Sale1734 Over the same are nineteen angels appointed

74:31 — the verse above

74:32

كَلَّا وَٱلْقَمَرِ

Easy-read · not authoritative

Easy-read (simplified)kallaa wal-qamar

DIN 31635kallā wal-qamari

Talal Itani2012 Nay! By the moon.

Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Nay, by the Moon

Edward Henry Palmer1880 Nay, by the moon

John Medows Rodwell1861 Nay, by the Moon

George Sale1734 By the moon

74:33

وَٱلَّيْلِ إِذْ أَدْبَرَ

Easy-read · not authoritative

Easy-read (simplified)wallayli idh adbar

DIN 31635wallayli ʾiḏ ʾadbara

Talal Itani2012 And the night as it retreats.

Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And the night when it withdraweth

Edward Henry Palmer1880 And the night when it retires

John Medows Rodwell1861 By the Night when it retreateth

George Sale1734 and the night when it retreateth

What this study rests on, and what it refusessigned with it3 of the 4 paragraphs signed with this study; the paragraph naming what it does not answer is at the top of the page

The selection above and this account of it are part of what was signed. Where the renderings disagree it says so; where the question runs past what has cleared the rights audit it says that too.

Read across the four public-domain translations - Sale 1734, Rodwell 1861, Palmer 1880, Pickthall 1930 - of 74:30, 74:31, in full, and nothing else. This study consults no , no , no occasion of revelation and no biography, because none is yet available in an edition whose usage rights can be verified. Itani 2012, the fifth translation shown with these verses, was not consulted for this study.

How this set was arrived at. The verses were found by a word search of the four public-domain translations, using terms chosen by the editor and listed here as they were searched - nineteen; guardians + fire; wardens + fire; angels + wardens. The search was a way of finding passages, not a judgement about what they mean: that several translators chose the same English word is not evidence about the Arabic. A different choice of terms gives a different set.

Where the translations part company, named rather than resolved. How differently the translations word each verse is shown on that verse's page, and the study names the differences it turns on rather than choosing between them.

Sources & method

Translations Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired

Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an ·1880 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work ·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026

Translations George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired

George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an ·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work ·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026

Translations John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired

John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an ·1861 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work ·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026

Translations Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired

Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran ·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work ·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026

Translations Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Talal Itani, ClearQuran ·ClearQuran, "God" edition, EPUB·Talal Itani / ClearQuran.com ·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International·retrieved 7 Sep 2026

Translation by Talal Itani, ClearQuran.com https://clearquran.com

Editorial status

Editorial status
Editorially prepared · not independently reviewed — signed by the AALAMIN Editor; no external scholarly review
Theme
The Qur'an about itself
Discovery
Common misconception
Review status
Editorial — not independently reviewed
Published
5 September 2026
Updated
17 September 2026

A dashed outline marks a tag the editors handle with extra care. It describes how this study is filed and shown, not what the verses say.

AALAMIN Editor

Qur'anic text from the Tanzil Project. Copyright (C) 2007-2026 Tanzil Project License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Source: tanzil.net · Updates: tanzil.net/updates/ https://tanzil.net/updates/

tafsir

Commentary on the Qur'an: the works in which scholars interpret and explain its verses.

A note by the AALAMIN editors. The definition is their own wording, not quoted from a reference work. The platform's scope statement names it as "interpretation (tafsir)".

hadith

A report that claims to preserve something the Prophet Muhammad said or did.

A note by the AALAMIN editors. The definition is their own wording, not quoted from a reference work. It follows the platform's standing distinction: the sunnah is the practice, and a hadith is a report claiming to preserve it.

asbab al-nuzul

Accounts of the circumstances in which particular verses of the Qur'an are reported to have been revealed ("occasion of revelation").

A note by the AALAMIN editors. The definition is their own wording, not quoted from a reference work. "Occasion of revelation", in the singular, is the wording the platform's studies use when they say what they rest on.

al-Tabari

A scholar who wrote Jami' al-bayan, a commentary on the Qur'an in Arabic; he died in 923 CE.

A note by the AALAMIN editors. The work is as recorded in the platform's rights audit; the date of death is from the Library of Congress name authority file.

Ibn Kathir

A scholar who wrote Tafsir al-Qur'an al-'Azim, a commentary on the Qur'an in Arabic; he died in 1373 CE.

A note by the AALAMIN editors. The work is as recorded in the platform's rights audit; the date of death is from the Library of Congress name authority file.

al-Qurtubi

A scholar who wrote al-Jami' li-ahkam al-Qur'an, a commentary on the Qur'an in Arabic; he died in 1273 CE.

A note by the AALAMIN editors. The work is as recorded in the platform's rights audit; the date of death is from the Library of Congress name authority file.