Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
We sent Our messengers with the clear proofs, and We sent down with them the Book and the Balance, that humanity may uphold justice. And We sent down iron, in which is violentforce, and benefits for humanity. That God may know who supports Him and His messengers invisibly. God is Strong and Powerful.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
We verily sent Our messengers with clear proofs, and revealed with them the Scripture and the Balance, that mankind may observe rightmeasure; and He revealed iron, wherein is mighty power and (many) uses for mankind, and that Allah may know him who helpeth Him and His messengers, though unseen. Lo! Allah is Strong, Almighty
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
We did send our apostles with manifestsigns; and we did send down among you the Book and the balance, that men might stand by justice; and we sent down iron in which is both keenviolence and advantages to men; and that God might know who helps Him and His apostles in secret; verily, God is strong and mighty
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
We have sent our apostles with the clear tokens, and we have caused the Book and the balance to descend with them, that men might observe fairness. And we have sent down IRON. Direevilresideth in it, as well as advantage, to mankind! God would know who will assist Him and his apostle in secret. Verily, God is Powerful, Strong
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
We formerly sent our apostles with evidentmiracles and arguments; and We sent down with them the scriptures, and the balance, that men might observe justice: And We sent them down iron, wherein is mighty strength for war, and various advantages unto mankind: That God may know who assisteth him and his apostles in secret; for God is strong and mighty
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Ne çuam të dërguarit Tanë me prova të qarta dhe bashkë me ta zbritëm edhe Librat (e shenjtë) dhe peshoren, që njerëzit të punojnë me drejtësi, si dhe e zbritëm hekurin, në të cilin ka forcë të madhe dhe përfitime për njerëzit, që Allahu të nxjerrë në shesh ata që e ndihmojnë Atë dhe të dërguarit e Tij pa e parë Atë. Me të vërtetë, Allahu është i Fortë e i Gjithëfuqishëm.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
নিশ্চয় আমি আমার রাসূলদেরকে সুস্পষ্ট প্রমাণাদিসহ পাঠিয়েছি এবং তাদের সাথে কিতাব ও (ন্যায়ের) মানদণ্ড নাযিল করেছি, যাতে মানুষ সুবিচার প্রতিষ্ঠা করে। আমি আরো নাযিল করেছি লোহা(২০), তাতে প্রচন্ড শক্তি ও মানুষের জন্য বহু কল্যাণ রয়েছে। আর যাতে আল্লাহ প্রকাশ করে দেন, কে না দেখেও তাঁকে ও তাঁর রাসূলদেরকে সাহায্য করে। অবশ্যই আল্লাহ মহা শক্তিমান, মহাপরাক্রমশালী।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Mi smo izaslanike Naše s jasnim dokazima slali i po njima Knjige i Mjerilo – pravdu slali da bi ljudi pravedno postupali, a gvožđe smo stvorili i spustili, u kome je velika snaga i koje ljudima koristi, a da bi Allah znao one koji pomažu Njega i poslanike Njegove iako ih i ne vide. Allah je, uistinu, moćan i silan.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Mi smo izaslanike Naše s jasnim dokazima slali i po njima Knjige i Mjerilo – pravdu slali da bi ljudi pravedno postupali, a gvožđe smo stvorili i spustili, u kome je velika snaga i koje ljudima koristi, a da bi Allah znao one koji pomažu Njega i poslanike Njegove iako ih i ne vide. Allah je, uistinu, moćan i silan.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Gooŋɗii Min nulirii Nulaaɓe amen ɓeen ɓanngannduyeeji, Min njippindinani ɓe defte e sariyaare, fii no yimɓe ɓeen ñiiɓira e nunɗal. Min njippini kadi njamndi ndiin, ndi doole tiiɗuɗe woni e mum e nafooje wonan'de yimɓe ɓeen, e no Allah feññinira ɓeen wallooɓe mo e Nulaaɗo makko on ka wirnii. Pellet, Allah ko Jom demmbe, pooluɗo.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
ჩვენ უკვე წარვგზავნეთ ჩვენი შუამავლები ცხადი მტკიცებულებებით და მათთან ერთად გარდმოვავლინეთ წიგნი და სასწორი, რათა ადამიანებმა სამართლიანობა დაიცვან. და გარდმოვავლინეთ რკინა, რომელშიც დიდი ძალაა და სარგებლობანი ადამიანთათვის, რათა ალლაჰმა იცოდეს, ვინ შეეწევა მას და მის შუამავლებს ფარულად. უეჭველად, ალლაჰი ყოვლადძლიერი, დიადია.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Wir haben ja bereits Unsere Gesandten mit den klaren Beweisen gesandt und mit ihnen die Schrift und die Waage herabgesandt, damit die Menschen Gerechtigkeit üben sollen. Und Wir haben das Eisen herabgesandt, worin starke Gewalt und (vielerlei) Nutzen für die Menschen ist, damit Allah weiß, wer Ihn und Seinen Gesandten im Verborgenen unterstützt. Wahrlich, Allah ist stark und allmächtig.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Πράγματι, στείλαμε τους Αγγελιαφόρους Μας με τις ξεκάθαρες αποδείξεις, και μαζί τους στείλαμε το Βιβλίο και τη δικαιοσύνη, ώστε οι άνθρωποι να πράττουν με τη δικαιοσύνη. Και κατεβάσαμε (στη γη) το σίδηρο, το οποίο περιέχει μεγάλη δύναμη και οφέλη για τους ανθρώπους. Για να ξέρει ο Αλλάχ (-αυτό που ήδη ξέρει- δηλ. να εμφανιστεί σε σας) ποιος θα υποστηρίξει Αυτόν (δηλ. τη θρησκεία Του) και τους Αγγελιαφόρους Του, χωρίς να Τον έχει δει. Πράγματι, ο Αλλάχ είναι Καουέι (Πανίσχυρος) και ‘Αζείζ (Παντοδύναμος, Ανίκητος).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
निःसंदेह हमने अपने रसूलों को स्पष्ट प्रमाणों के साथ भेजा तथा उनके साथ पुस्तक और तराज़ू उतारा, ताकि लोग न्याय पर क़ायम रहें। तथा हमने लोहा उतारा, जिसमें बहुत शक्ति[15] है और लोगों के लिए बहुत-से लाभ हैं, और ताकि अल्लाह जान ले कि कौन उसकी तथा उसके रसूलों की बिना देखे सहायता करता है। निश्चय ही अल्लाह अति शक्तिशाली, सब पर प्रभुत्वशाली है।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
Abbiamo inviato i Nostri Messaggeri con le Evidenze e abbiamo fatto discendere, con loro, il Libro e la Giustizia, così che la gente agisse con giustizia. E abbiamo fatto discendere il ferro, in cui c’è molta forza e vantaggio per gli uomini. E che Allāh metta in evidenza chi, nell’Ignoto, sostiene Lui e il Suo Messaggero: in verità Allāh è Forte, Potente.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
25. Iš tiesų, Mes siuntėme Mūsų Pasiuntinius su aiškiais įrodymais, ir atskleidėme jiems Raštus ir Balansą (teisingumą), kad žmonija palaikytų teisingumą. Ir Mes atsiuntėme geležį, kurioje yra didelė galia (karuose), ir nauda žmonijai, kad Allahas patikrintų, kuris padės Jam (Jo religijai) ir Jo Pasiuntiniams, nematomame. Iš tiesų, Allahas yra Stipriausias, Visa Galintis.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Действительно, Мы отправили Наших посланников с ясными знамениями и ниспослали вместе с ними Писание и весы, чтобы люди придерживались справедливости. И ниспослали железо, в котором — сильная мощь и польза для людей, — чтобы Аллах узнал тех, кто помогает Ему и Его посланникам втайне. Воистину, Аллах — сильный, могущественный.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Ми смо Наше изасланике слали са јасним доказима и по њима смо слали Књиге и мерило правде, да би људи праведно поступали, а гвожђе смо спустили, у коме је велика снага и које људима користи, а да би Аллах знао оне који помажу Њега и Његове посланике иако их и не виде. Аллах је, уистину, моћан и силан.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Kwa hakika tuliwatuma Mitume wetu na ishara waziwazi, na tukateremsha Kitabu pamoja nao na Mizani, ili watu wasimamie uadilifu, na tumeteremsha chuma chenye nguvu nyingi na manufaa kwa watu, na ili Mwenyezi Mungu amjue anayemnusuru Yeye na Mitume wake kwa ghaibu. Hakika Mwenyezi Mungu ni Mwenye nguvu, Mwenye kushinda.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Vi sände våra sändebud med klara bevis, och med dem sände vi ned skrifterna och måttstocken så att människorna skulle upprätta rättvisa. Vi gav dem dessutom järnet, i vilket finns enorm styrka och stor nytta för mänskligheten. Detta för att Gud ska göra det känt vem som, utan att kunna se honom, väljer att stödja honom och hans sändebud. Gud är förvisso stark och mäktig.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Andolsun ki, elçilerimizi açık delillerle gönderdik ve insanlar adaleti ayakta tutsunlar diye onlarla birlikte kitabı ve ölçüyü indirdik. Ve Allah’ın kendisine ve elçilerine görmediği halde (gıyaben) kimin yardım edeceğini ortaya çıkarması için, kendisinde çetin bir sertlik ve insanlar için (çeşitli) yararlar bulunan demiri indirdik. Şüphesiz Allah güçlüdür, kuvvet sahibidir.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
یقیناً ہم نے اپنے پیغمبروں کو کھلی دلیلیں دے کر بھیجا اور ان کے ساتھ کتاب اور میزان (ترازو) نازل فرمایا[1] تاکہ لوگ عدل پر قائم رہیں۔ اور ہم نے لوہے کو اتارا[2] جس میں سخت ہیبت وقوت ہے[3] اور لوگوں کے لیے اور بھی (بہت سے) فائدے ہیں[4] اور اس لیے بھی کہ اللہ جان لے کہ اس کی اور اس کے رسولوں کی مدد بےدیکھے کون کرتا ہے[5]، بیشک اللہ قوت واﻻ اور زبردست ہے.[6]
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 That you may not sorrow over what eludes you, nor exult over what He has given you. God does not love the proud snob.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 That ye grieve not for the sake of that which hath escaped you, nor yet exult because of that which hath been given. Allah loveth not all prideful boasters
Edward Henry Palmer1880 That ye may not vex yourselves for what ye miss, nor be overjoyed at what He gives you; for God loves no arrogant boaster
John Medows Rodwell1861 Lest ye distress yourselves if good things escape you, and be over joyous for what falleth to your share. God loveth not the presumptuous, the boaster
George Sale1734 And this is written lest ye immoderately grieve for the good which escapeth you, or rejoice for that which happeneth unto you; for God loveth no proud or vain-glorious person
DIN 31635allaḏīna yabḫalūna wayaʾmurūna n-nāsa bil-buḫli waman yatawalla faʾinna llāha huwa l-ġaniyyu l-ḥamīdu
The translators word this verse differently
Talal Itani2012 Those who are stingy, and induce people to be stingy. Whoever turns away-God is the Independent, the Praiseworthy.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Who hoard and who enjoin upon the people avarice. And whosoever turneth away, still Allah is the Absolute, the Owner of Praise
Edward Henry Palmer1880 who are niggardly and bid men be niggardly: but whoso turns his back, verily, God is rich, praiseworthy
John Medows Rodwell1861 Who are covetous themselves and incite others to covetousness. But whose turneth away from almsgiving - Ah! God is the Rich, the Praiseworthy
George Sale1734 or those who are covetous, and command men covetousness. And whoso turneth aside from giving alms; verily God is self-sufficient, worthy to be praised
Talal Itani2012 We sent Noah and Abraham, and established in their line Prophethood and the Scripture. Some of them are guided, but many of them are sinners.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And We verily sent Noah and Abraham and placed the prophethood and the scripture among their seed, and among them there is he who goeth right, but many of them are evil-livers
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And we sent Noah and Abraham; and placed in their seed prophecy and the Book; and some of them are guided, though many of them are workers of abomination
John Medows Rodwell1861 And of old sent we Noah and Abraham, and on their seed conferred the gift of prophecy, and the Book; and some of them we guided aright; but many were evil doers
George Sale1734 We formerly sent Noah and Abraham, and We established in their posterity the gift of prophecy, and the scripture: And of them some were directed, but many of them were evil doers
Talal Itani2012 Then We sent in their wake Our messengers, and followed up with Jesus son of Mary, and We gave him the Gospel, and instilled in the hearts of those who followed him compassion and mercy. But as for the monasticism which they invented-We did not ordain it for them-only to seek God's approval. But they did not observe it with its due observance. So We gave those of them who believed their reward, but many of them are sinful.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Then We caused Our messengers to follow in their footsteps; and We caused Jesus, son of Mary, to follow, and gave him the Gospel, and placed compassion and mercy in the hearts of those who followed him. But monasticism they invented - We ordained it not for them - only seeking Allah's pleasure, and they observed it not with right observance. So We give those of them who believe their reward, but many of them are evil-livers
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Then we followed up their footsteps with our apostles; and we followed them up with Jesus the son of Mary; and we gave him the gospel; and we placed in the hearts of those who followed him kindness and compassion.- But monkery, they invented it; we only prescribed to them the craving after the goodwill of God, and they observed it not with due observance. But we gave to those who believe amongst them their hire; though many amongst them were workers of abomination
John Medows Rodwell1861 Then we caused our apostles to follow in their footsteps; and we caused Jesus the son of Mary to follow them; and we gave him the Evangel, and we put into the hearts of those who followed him kindness and compassion: but as to the monastic life, they invented it themselves. The desire only of pleasing God did we prescribe to them, and this they observed not as it ought to have been observed: but to such of them as believed gave we their reward, though many of them were perverse
George Sale1734 Afterwards We caused our apostles to succeed in their footsteps; and We caused Jesus the son of Mary to succeed them, and We gave him the gospel: And We put in the hearts of those who followed him, compassion and mercy: But as to the monastic state, they instituted the same -- We did not prescribe it to them -- only out of a desire to please God; yet they observed not the same as it ought truly to have been observed. And We gave unto such of them as believed, their reward: But many of them were wicked doers
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.63 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.73
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.70
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.63
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.63
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.62
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.61
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.60
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.60
Talal Itani · George Sale0.59
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.56
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.