Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
Charities are for the poor, and the destitute, and those who administer them, and for reconciling hearts, and for freeing slaves, and for those in debt, and in the path of God, and for the traveler in need-an obligation from God. God is All-Knowing, Most Wise.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
The alms are only for the poor and the needy, and those who collect them, and those whose hearts are to be reconciled, and to free the captives and the debtors, and for the cause of Allah, and (for) the wayfarer; a dutyimposed by Allah. Allah is Knower, Wise
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
Alms are only for the poor and needy, and those who work for them, and those whose hearts are reconciled, and those in captivity, and those in debt, and those who are on God's path, and for the wayfarer;- an ordinance this from God, for God is knowing, wise
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
But alms are only to be given to the poor and the needy, and those who collect them, and to those whose hearts are won to Islam, and for ransoms, and for debtors, and for the cause of God, and the wayfarer. This is an ordinance from God: and God is Knowing, Wise
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
Alms are to be distributed only unto the poor, and the needy, and those who are employed in collecting and distributing the same, and unto those whose hearts are reconciled, and for the redemption of captives, and unto those who are in debt and insolvent, and for the advancement of God's religion, and unto the traveller. This is an ordinance from God: And God is knowing and wise
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
Lëmosha (zekati) është vetëm për të varfrit, për nevojtarët; për punonjësit e ngarkuar me këtë përgjegjësi, për ata që duhen përfituar zemrat e tyre (në Islam), për lirimin e robërve, për ata që kanë borxhe, për (luftë në) rrugën e Allahut dhe për udhëtarin e mbetur rrugës. Ky është caktim i detyrueshëm nga Allahu. Allahu është i Gjithëdijshëm dhe i Urtë.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
নিশ্চয় সাদাকা (যাকাত) তো শুধু ফকীর(২৫), মিসকীন(২৬) ও যাকাত আদায়ের কাজে নিযুক্ত কর্মচারীদের জন্যে, যাদের অন্তর আকৃষ্ট করতে হয় তাদের জন্যে(২৭), দাসমুক্তিতে, ঋণ ভারাক্রান্তদের জন্যে, আল্লাহর পথে (মুজাহিদদেরকে তৈরি করার জন্যে) ও মুসাফিরদের(২৮) জন্যে। এটা আল্লাহর পক্ষ থেকেই নির্ধারিত বিধান। আর আল্লাহ সর্বজ্ঞ, প্রজ্ঞাময়।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
Zekat pripada samo siromasima i nevoljnicima, i onima koji ga skupljaju, i onima čija srca treba pridobiti, i za otkup iz ropstva, i prezaduženima, i u svrhe na Allahovu putu, i putniku. Allah je odredio tako! – A Allah sve zna i mudar je.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
Zekat pripada samo siromasima i nevoljnicima, i onima koji ga skupljaju, i onima čija srca treba pridobiti, i za otkup iz ropstva, i prezaduženima, i u svrhe na Allahovu putu, i putniku. Allah je odredio tako! – A Allah sve zna i mudar je.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
nganndee sadakaaji ɗiin ko fii waasɓe ɓen, e miskiineeɓe ɓen, e gollooɓe e majji ɓeen, e woowinirteeɓe ɓerɗe mun (Lislaamu) ɓeen, e daaɗe rimɗinteeɓe, e ɓeen ñaliiɓe, e fii laawol Alla e ɗatniiɓe. tumraŋkuɓe koɗum fairilla immorde ka Alla. Alla ko gannduɗo Ñeeñuɗo.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
უეჭველად, მოწყალებანი ღარიბთათვის და უპოვართათვის, და მისი შემგროვებლებისთვის, და მათთვის, ვისი გულებიც მიიზიდება ისლამისკენ[1], და მონების გასათავისუფლებლად, და მოვალეთათვის, და ალლაჰის გზაზე, და მგზავრთათვის. ეს ალლაჰის მიერ დადგენილი ვალდებულებაა. და ალლაჰი ყოვლისმცოდნე, ბრძენია.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
Wahrlich, die (verpflichtenden) Almosen (also die Zakah) sind nur für die Armen und Bedürftigen und für die mit der Verwaltung (der Zakah) Beauftragten und für die, deren Herzen gewonnen werden sollen, und für die (Befreiung von) Sklaven und für die Schuldner, und auf dem Weg Allahs und für den Sohn des Weges; (dies ist) eine Vorschrift von Allah. Und Allah ist allwissend, allweise.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Στ’ αλήθεια, η ελεημοσύνη (η Ζακά -η ετήσια υποχρεωτική ελεημοσύνη-) είναι μόνο για: τους φτωχούς, τους ενδεείς, εκείνους που (τους στέλνει ο κυβερνήτης για να) τη συλλέξουν (τη Ζακά), τους μη-Μουσουλμάνους που οι καρδιές των οποίων κλίνουν προς το Ισλάμ, την απελευθέρωση των σκλάβων ή των αιχμαλώτων, όσους έχουν χρέη, την υποστήριξη (εκείνων που αγωνίζονται) στο δρόμο του Αλλάχ και τον οδοιπόρο (τον ταξιδιώτη που είναι αποκομμένος από όλα). Ένα καθήκον που επιβλήθηκε από τον Αλλάχ. Πράγματι, ο Αλλάχ είναι ‘Αλείμ (Παντογνώστης) και Χακείμ (Πάνσοφος).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
ज़कात तो केवल फ़क़ीरों[24] और मिस्कीनों के लिए और उसपर नियुक्त कार्यकर्ताओं[25] के लिए तथा उनके लिए है जिनके दिलों को परचाना[26] अभीष्ट हो, और दास मुक्त करने में और क़र्ज़दारों एवं तावान भरने वालों में और अल्लाह के मार्ग में तथा यात्रियों के लिए है। यह अल्लाह की ओर से एक दायित्व है[27] और अल्लाह सब कुछ जानने वाला, पूर्ण हिकमत वाला है।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
In verità l’elemosina (Sadeqàt الصَّدَقَاتِ) è solo per i poveri, i bisognosi, per chi la amministra, per quelli di cui bisogna conquistare i cuori, per liberare gli schiavi e aiutare gli indebitati, e per la causa di Allāh ، e per i viandanti. Questa è la legge di Allāh. E Allāh è Sapiente, Saggio.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
60. As-Sadaka (čia tai reiškia Zakat) yra (skirta) tik Fukara (vargingiems) ir Al-Masakin (skurstantiems) ir tiems, kurie samdomi surinkti (lėšas), ir patraukti širdis tų, kurie buvo palinkę (link islamo), ir išlaisvinti belaisvius, ir tiems, kurie skoloje, ir vardan Allaho, ir pakeleivingiems (keliautojams, kurie atskirti nuo visko). Pareiga, įsakyta Allaho. Ir Allahas yra Visa Žinantis, Visa Išmanantis.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
Воистину, [предписанные] пожертвования — лишь для бедных и нищих, для занимающихся [их сбором и распределением], для тех, чьи сердца следует расположить, для освобождения рабов, для должников, на пути Аллаха и для путника — как обязанность от Аллаха. Аллах — знающий, мудрый.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
Обавезна милостиња припада само сиромасима и невољницима, и онима који је сакупљају, и онима чија срца треба да се придобију, и за откуп из ропства, и презадуженима, и у сврхе на Аллаховом путу, и путнику намернику. Аллах је одредио тако! А Аллах је свезнајући и мудар је.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Hakika sadaka ni za mafakiri tu, na masikini, na wanaozitumikia, na wa kutiwa nguvu nyoyo zao, na katika kukomboa watumwa, na waliogharamika, na katika Njia ya Mwenyezi Mungu, na wasafiri. Huu ni waajibu uliofaridhiwa na Mwenyezi Mungu. Na Mwenyezi Mungu ni Mwenye kujua vyema, Mwenye hekima.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
[De förpliktade] allmosorna får endast ges till de fattiga, de behövande, de som arbetar med att samla in dem, de vars hjärtan ska vinnas [över till tron], de som ska friköpas ur slaveri, de skuldsatta, de som kämpar för Guds sak och de nödställda resande. Det är en föreskrift från Gud. Gud är allvetande, vis.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Sadakalar/zekâtlar, Allah’tan bir farz olarak fakirler, miskinler, onu toplayan memurlar, kalpleri (İslam’a) ısındırılanlar, köleler, borçlular, Allah yolunda (cihad edenler) ve yolda kalanlar içindir. Allah Alîm'dir, Hakîm'dir.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
صدقے صرف فقیروں[1] کے لئے ہیں اور مسکینوں کے لئے اور ان کے وصول کرنے والوں کے لئے اور ان کے لئے جن کے دل پرچائے جاتے ہوں اور گردن چھڑانے میں اور قرض داروں کے لئے اور اللہ کی راه میں اور راہرو مسافروں کے لئے[2]، فرض ہے اللہ کی طرف سے، اور اللہ علم وحکمت واﻻ ہے۔
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
DIN 31635waminhum man yalmizuka fī ṣ-ṣadaqāti faʾin ʾuʿṭū minhā raḍū waʾin lam yuʿṭaw minhā ʾiḏā hum yasḫaṭūna
Talal Itani2012 And among them are those who criticize you in regard to charities. If they are given some of it, they become pleased; but if they are not given any, they grow resentful.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And of them is he who defameth thee in the matter of the alms. If they are given thereof they are content, and if they are not given thereof, behold! they are enraged
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Of them are some who defame thee, with respect to alms; though if they are given a part thereof, they are content; and if they are not given a part thereof, then are they in a rage
John Medows Rodwell1861 Some of them also defame thee in regard to the alms; yet if a part be given them, they are content, but if no part be given them, behold, they are angry
George Sale1734 There is of them also who spreadeth ill reports of thee, in relation to thy distribution of the alms: Yet if they receive part thereof, they are well pleased; but if they receive not a part thereof, behold, they are angry
Easy-read (simplified)walaw annahum radoo maa aataahumu llaahu warasooluhu waqaaloo hasbunaa llaahu sayu'teenaa llaahu min fadlihi warasooluhu innaa ilaa llaahi raaghiboon
DIN 31635walaw ʾannahum raḍū mā ʾātāhumu llāhu warasūluhu waqālū ḥasbunā llāhu sayuʾtīnā llāhu min faḍlihi warasūluhu ʾinnā ʾilā llāhi rāġibūna
Talal Itani2012 If only they were content with what God and His Messenger have given them, and said, "God is sufficient for us; God will give us of His bounty, and so will His Messenger; to God we eagerly turn."
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 (How much more seemly) had they been content with that which Allah and His messenger had given them and had said: Allah sufficeth us. Allah will give us of His bounty, and (also) His messenger. Unto Allah we are suppliants
Edward Henry Palmer1880 Would that they were content with what God and His Apostle had brought them, and would say, 'God is enough for us! God will bring us of His grace, and so will His Apostle; verily, unto God is our desire
John Medows Rodwell1861 Would that they were satisfied with that which God and His Apostle had given them, and would say "God sufficeth us! God will vouchsafe unto us of His favour, and so will His Apostle: verily unto God do we make our suit
George Sale1734 But if they had been pleased with that which God and his apostle had given them, and had said, God is our support; God will give unto us of his abundance and his prophet also; verily unto God do we make our supplications: It would have been more decent
Talal Itani2012 And among them are those who insult the Prophet, and say, "He is all ears." Say, "He listens for your own good. He believes in God, and trusts the believers, and is mercy for those of you who believe." Those who insult the Messenger of God will have a painful penalty.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And of them are those who vex the Prophet and say: He is only a hearer. Say: A hearer of good for you, who believeth in Allah and is true to the believers, and a mercy for such of you as believe. Those who vex the messenger of Allah, for them there is a painful doom
Edward Henry Palmer1880 And of them are some who are by the ears with the prophet, and say, 'He is all ear.' Say, 'An ear of good for you!' he believes in God, and believes in those who do believe, and is a mercy unto such of you as believe; but those who are by the ears with the Apostle of God, for them is grievous woe
John Medows Rodwell1861 There are some of them who injure the Prophet and say, "He is all ear." Say: An ear of good to you! He believeth in God, and believeth the believers: and is a mercy to such of you as believe: But they who injure the Apostle of God, shall suffer a dolorous chastisement
George Sale1734 There are some of them who injure the prophet, and say, he is an ear: Answer, he is an ear of good unto you; he believeth in God, and giveth credit to the faithful, and is a mercy unto such of you who believe. But they who injure the apostle of God, shall suffer a painful punishment
Talal Itani2012 They swear to you by God to please you. But it is more proper for them to please God and His Messenger, if they are believers.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 They swear by Allah to you (Muslims) to please you, but Allah, with His messenger, hath more right that they should please Him if they are believers
Edward Henry Palmer1880 They swear by God to please you; but God and His Apostle are more worthy for them to please if they be believers
John Medows Rodwell1861 They swear to you by God to please you; but worthier is God, and His Apostle, that they should please Him, if they are believers
George Sale1734 They swear unto you by God, that they may please you; but it is more just that they should please God and his apostle, if they are true believers
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.58 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.76
Talal Itani · George Sale0.67
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.66
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.63
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.61
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.57
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.53
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.48
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.47
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.46
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.