Marked words appear in this translation and in no other English translation of this verse. Common small words and older spellings are not marked. The marks show where the wording differs, not where the meaning does.
Talal Itani· published 2012
O you who believe! It is not permitted for you to inherit women against their will. And do not coerce them in order to take away some of what you had given them, unless they commit a provenadultery. And live with them in kindness. If you dislike them, it may be that you dislike something in which God has placed much good.
Translation Talal Itani, ClearQuran·Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1875–1936 · published 1930
O ye who believe! It is not lawful for you forcibly to inherit the women (of your deceasedkinsmen), nor (that) ye should put constraint upon them that ye may take away a part of that which ye have given them, unless they be guilty of flagrant lewdness. But consort with them in kindness, for if ye hate them it may happen that ye hate a thing wherein Allah hath placed much good
Sources
Translation Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·Public domain — copyright term expired
Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran·1930 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Edward Henry Palmer1840–1882 · published 1880
O ye who believe! it is not lawful for you to inherit women'sestates against their will; nor to hinder them, that ye may go off with part of what ye brought them, unless they commit fornicationmanifestly; but associate with them in reason, for if ye are averse from them, it may be that ye are averse from something wherein God has put much good for you
Sources
Translation Edward Henry Palmer, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
O believers! it is not allowed you to be heirs of your wives against their will; nor to hinder them from marrying, in order to take from them part of the dowry you had given them, unless they have been guilty of undoubted lewdness; but associate kindly with them: for if ye are estranged from them, haply ye are estranged from that in which God hath placed abundant good
Sources
Translation John Medows Rodwell, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
O true believers, it is not lawful for you to be heirs of women against their will, nor to hinder them from marrying others, that ye may take away part of what ye have given them in dowry; unless they have been guilty of a manifestcrime: But converse kindly with them. And if ye hate them, it may happen that ye may hate a thing wherein God hath placed much good
Sources
Translation George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·Public domain — copyright term expired
George Sale, English translation of the Qur'an·1734 translation, digital edition of unverified printing·None — public domain work
·Public domain — copyright term expired·retrieved 24 Aug 2026
Other languages (18)Shqip · Albanian
O besimtarë! Nuk ju lejohet t'i trashëgoni gratë (e të afërmve tuaj) me forcë. As mos i shtrëngoni[9] ato (gra tuaja që nuk i doni), me qëllim që t'u merrni një pjesë të pasurisë (mehrit) që ua keni dhënë, përveç nëse bëjnë ndonjë paturpësi të qartë. Çoni jetë të mirë me to! E, nëse nuk ju pëlqejnë (durojini, sepse), është e mundur që të urreni diçka e Allahu të sjellë përmes saj mirësi të shumta.
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
বাংলা · Bengali
হে মুমিনগণ! জবরদস্তি করে (সম্পদের ন্যায় তোমাদের বাপ-দাদার স্ত্রীদের) নারীদের ওয়ারিশ হওয়া তোমাদের জন্য বৈধ নয়। (এমনিভাবে) তোমাদের জন্যে বৈধ নয় যে, তোমরা তাদেরকে (মোহরানার) যা দিয়েছ তা থেকে কিছু আত্মসাৎ করার উদ্দেশ্যে তাদেরকে অবরুদ্ধ করে রাখা। তবে তারা (অবাধ্যতা ও) ব্যভিচারের ন্যায় সুস্পষ্ট অশ্লীলতায় লিপ্ত হয়ে থাকলে, ভিন্ন কথা। আর তোমরা তাদের সাথে সদ্ভাবে ও সম্মানজনকভাবে জীবন যাপন করবে। তোমরা যদি তাদেরকে (স্ত্রীদেরকে) অপছন্দ করো, তবে এমন হতে পারে যে, তোমরা একটি জিনিসকে অপছন্দ করছ আর আল্লাহ তাতে প্রভূত কল্যাণ রেখেছেন।
Translated by the team of Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Dawah Association in Rabwah, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.2
Bosanski · Bosnian
O vi koji vjerujete, ne dozvoljava vam se da žene preko volje njihove u naslijeđe uzimate i da im poteškoće pričinjavate s namjerom da nešto od onoga što ste im dali prisvojite, osim ako budu učinile očiti razvrat. Prema njima se lijepo ophodite. A ako prema njima ne osjetite želju, pa moguće je da ne volite nešto u čemu je Allah veliko dobro dao.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 2.0.4
Hrvatski · Croatian
O vi koji vjerujete, ne dozvoljava vam se da žene preko volje njihove u naslijeđe uzimate i da im poteškoće pričinjavate s namjerom da nešto od onoga što ste im dali prisvojite, osim ako budu učinile očiti razvrat. Prema njima se lijepo ophodite. A ako prema njima ne osjetite želju, pa moguće je da ne volite nešto u čemu je Allah veliko dobro dao.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Fulfulde · Fulani
Ko onon yo goŋɗinɓe, dakantaako on nde ronirton rewɓe ɓen e ɓur, dooleyaagu wata on l aagu ɓe fii yo on keɓtu yoga e ko okkunoɗon ɓe, si wanaa hara ɓe waɗu paŋkare ɓannguɗo. Wonndiree e maɓɓe no moƴƴiri. Si on añii ɓe, hino jortaa nde ngañoton huunde, Alla Waɗa e mayre moƴƴere ɗuuɗunde.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
ქართული · Georgian
ჰეი, თქვენ, რომელთაც ირწმუნეთ! თქვენთვის ნებადართული არ არის, მემკვიდრეობად მიიღოთ ქალები (რომლებიც თქვენი მამების სიკვდილის შემდეგ დარჩნენ) და სრულად განაგოთ მათი მდგომარეობა [აუკრძალოთ ან ნება დართოთ მათ ქორწინებაზე] მათი ნების საწინააღმდეგოდ. და ნუ შეუშლით (ო, ქმრებო) მათ [ქალებს] წაიღონ ნაწილი იმისა, რაც თქვენ მათ აჩუქეთ (საქორწინო ძღვენის სახით), როცა აღარ გსურთ მათთან ცხოვრება — გარდა იმ შემთხვევისა, თუ ისინი აშკარა სისაძაგლეს ჩაიდენენ [მრუშობას]. და მოექეცით მათ [ცოლებს] ღირსეულად [სიყვარულით, პატივისცემით და მათი უფლებების შესრულებით]. ხოლო თუ არ გიყვართ ისინი [თქვენი ცოლები], მაშინ მოითმინეთ — შესაძლოა რაღაც თქვენთვის მოსაწონი არ იყოს, ხოლო ალლაჰმა მასში დიდი სიკეთე დაადგინა.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.7
Deutsch · German
O die ihr glaubt, es ist euch nicht erlaubt, die Frauen wider (ihren) Willen zu erben. Und drangsaliert sie nicht, um (ihnen) einen Teil von dem, was ihr ihnen gegeben habt, zu nehmen, außer wenn sie etwas klar Abscheuliches begehen. Und geht in rechtlicher Weise mit ihnen um. Sollten sie euch zuwider sein, dann (kann es sein, dass) euch vielleicht etwas zuwider ist, während Allah viel Gutes in es hineinlegt.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.15
Ελληνικά · Greek
Ω, εσείς που πιστεύετε! Απαγορεύεται να παίρνετε τις γυναίκες (τις συζύγους των πατέρων και των συγγενών σας) ως κληρονομιά (να τις αποτρέψετε από το να παντρευτούν άλλον άνδρα, ή να τις κάνετε να παντρευτούν άλλον άνδρα) παρά τη θέλησή τους. Και να μην κρατάτε αυτές (τις συζύγους σας που θέλετε να χωρίσετε, στο γάμο εμποδίζοντάς τους να παντρευτούν άλλους) για να πάρετε μέρος της προίκας που τους έχετε δώσει, εκτός κι αν διαπράξουν φανερή αισχρή πράξη (μοιχεία) (σ' αυτήν την περίπτωση επιτρέπεται να πάρετε πίσω την προίκα). Και να ζείτε μαζί τους με τον καλύτερο τρόπο. Αν τις μισείτε, ίσως να μισείτε κάτι, που ο Αλλάχ να φέρει μέσω αυτού πολλά καλά (που δεν τα περιμένετε).
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
हिन्दी · Hindi
ऐ ईमान वालो! तुम्हारे लिए हलाल (वैध) नहीं कि ज़बरदस्ती स्त्रियों के वारिस बन जाओ।[14] और उन्हें इसलिए न रोके रखो कि तुमने उन्हें जो कुछ दिया है, उसमें से कुछ ले लो, सिवाय इसके कि वे खुली बुराई कर बैठें। तथा उनके साथ भली-भाँति[15] जीवन व्यतीत करो। फिर यदि तुम उन्हें नापसंद करो, तो संभव है कि तुम किसी चीज़ को नापसंद करो और अल्लाह उसमें बहुत ही भलाई[16] रख दे।
Translated by Azizul Haq Al-Omari
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.5
Italiano · Italian
O credenti, non vi è permesso ereditare le mogli contro la loro volontà! E non costringetele per sottrarre loro una parte di ciò che avete già dato loro in passato – a meno che non abbiano commesso un’evidente nefandezza – e vivete insieme a loro come si deve. Se un giorno doveste odiarle, forse odiereste una cosa in cui Allāh potrebbe aver riposto un grande bene!
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Lietuvių · Lithuanian
19. O jūs, kurie tikite! Jums draudžiama paveldėti moteris prieš jų valią. Ir neturėtumėte su jomis elgtis grubiai, kad galėtumėte atsiimti dalį Mahr [3], kurį joms suteikėte, nebent jos atvirai užsiima neteisėtais lytiniais santykiais. Ir gyvenkite su jomis garbingai. Jei jų nemėgstate, gali būti, kad jūs nemėgstate vieno dalyko, o Allahas suteikia per jį daug gero.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.0
Русский · Russian
О вы, которые уверовали! Не дозволено вам наследовать женщин против их воли. Не удерживайте их с целью забрать часть того, что вы им даровали, [если] только они не совершат явную мерзость, и обходитесь с ними согласно одобряемому. Если вы их невзлюбили, то, — быть может, вы невзлюбили нечто, а Аллах заложил в этом великое благо.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.1
Српски · Serbian
О ви који верујете, не дозвољава вам се да жене преко воље њихове у наслеђе узимате и да им потешкоће причињавате са намером да нешто од онога што сте им дали присвојите, осим ако буду учиниле очигледни разврат. Према њима се лепо опходите. А ако према њима не осетите жељу, па могуће је да не волите нешто у чему је Аллах велико добро дао.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
Kiswahili · Swahili
Enyi mlioamini! Si halali kwenu kuwarithi wanawake kwa nguvu. Wala msiwadhikishe ili muwapokonye baadhi ya mlivyowapa, isipokuwa wakifanya uchafu ulio wazi. Na kaeni nao kwa wema. Na ikiwa mmewachukia, basi huenda mkakichukia kitu, na Mwenyezi Mungu ametia heri nyingi ndani yake.
Issued by the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.5
Svenska · Swedish
Troende! Det är inte tillåtet för er att ärva kvinnor mot deras vilja. Behandla dem inte illa för att ta tillbaka något av det ni har gett dem, om de inte tydligt har gjort sig skyldiga till otukt. Lev med dem på ett hedersamt sätt. Och om ni känner motvilja mot dem, kan det vara så att ni känner motvilja mot något i vilket Gud har lagt mycket gott.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.2
Türkçe · Turkish
Ey iman edenler! (Ölen babalarınızın) kadınlarını miras yoluyla zorla almanız size helal değildir. Apaçık bir fuhuş işlemedikçe (mehir olarak) verdiklerinizin bir kısmını elde etmek için onları (başkalarıyla evlenmelerine) engel olmak için nikahınızda tutmayın. Onlarla güzel güzel geçinin. Onlardan hoşlanmasanız bile, umulur ki sizin hoşunuza gitmeyen bir şeyde Allah bir çok hayır takdir eder.
Translated by the team of the Rowwad Translation Center, in cooperation with the Rabwah Dawah Association, the Islamic Content Service Association in Languages, and the IslamHouse.com website.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.0.4
اردو · Urdu
ایمان والو! تمہیں حلال نہیں کہ زبردستی عورتوں کو ورثے میں لے بیٹھو[1] انہیں اس لئے روک نہ رکھو کہ جو تم نے انہیں دے رکھا ہے، اس میں سے کچھ لے لو[2] ہاں یہ اور بات ہے کہ وه کوئی کھلی برائی اور بے حیائی کریں[3] ان کے ساتھ اچھے طریقے سے بودوباش رکھو، گو تم انہیں ناپسند کرو لیکن بہت ممکن ہے کہ تم کسی چیز کو برا جانو، اور اللہ تعالیٰ اس میں بہت ہی بھلائی کر دے۔[4]
Translated by Muhammad Ibrahim Junagarhi, developed under the supervision of the Rowwad Translation Center. The original translation is available for the purpose of expressing opinion, evaluation, and continuous development.
From QuranEnc.com, version 1.1.3
About these translations
5 cleared translations, newest first, by year of publication, so the modern English comes before the historical ones. That is an ordering by date, not a judgement. Each is shown complete — this platform never excerpts a translation — and each renders under its translator's name. No translation here is marked as the correct one.
Which translations appear here is set by copyright: they are the ones whose rights could be documented and cleared. The selection is not a judgement that these are the best.
About easy-read
Easy-read
Easy-read is a simplified pronunciation,
not authoritative — a rule-by-rule romanisation, not a reading.
Each verse ends in its pause form, as it is said when you stop there. Pauses inside a verse and other tajwid rules are not shown. It is derived from the Tanzil
Simple edition, while the Arabic above is the
Uthmani edition; both are cleared, but they are not the
same edition and their orthography differs.
Talal Itani2012 Repentance is available from God for those who commit evil out of ignorance, and then repent soon after. These-God will relent towards them. God is Knowing and Wise.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 Forgiveness is only incumbent on Allah toward those who do evil in ignorance (and) then turn quickly (in repentance) to Allah. These are they toward whom Allah relenteth. Allah is ever Knower, Wise
Edward Henry Palmer1880 God is only bound to turn again towards those who do evil through ignorance and then turn again. Surely, these will God turn again to, for God is knowing, wise
John Medows Rodwell1861 With God himself will the repentance of those who have done evil ignorantly, and then turn speedily unto Him, be accepted. These! God will turn unto them: for God is Knowing, Wise
George Sale1734 Verily repentance will be accepted with God, from those who do evil ignorantly, and then repent speedily; unto them will God be turned: For God is knowing and wise
Talal Itani2012 But repentance is not available for those who commit evils, until when death approaches one of them, he says, "Now I repent," nor for those who die as disbelievers. These-We have prepared for them a painful torment.
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 The forgiveness is not for those who do ill-deeds until, when death attendeth upon one of them, he saith: Lo! I repent now; nor yet for those who die while they are disbelievers. For such We have prepared a painful doom
Edward Henry Palmer1880 His turning again is not for those who do evil, until, when death comes before one of them, he says, 'Now I turn again;' nor yet forth those who die in misbelief. For such as these have we prepared a grievous woe
John Medows Rodwell1861 But no place of repentance shall there be for those who do evil, until, when death is close to one of them, he saith, "Now verily am I turned to God;" nor to those who die unbelievers. These! we have made ready for them a grievous torment
George Sale1734 But no repentance shall be accepted from those who do evil until the time when death presenteth it self unto one of them, and he saith, verily I repent now; nor unto those who die unbelievers: For them have we prepared a grievous punishment
Talal Itani2012 If you wish to replace one wife with another, and you have given one of them a fortune, take nothing back from it. Would you take it back fraudulently and sinfully?
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 And if ye wish to exchange one wife for another and ye have given unto one of them a sum of money (however great), take nothing from it. Would ye take it by the way of calumny and open wrong
Edward Henry Palmer1880 But if ye wish to exchange one wife for another, and have given one of them a talent, then take not from it anything. What! would you take it for a calumny and a manifest crime
John Medows Rodwell1861 And if ye be desirous to exchange one wife for another, and have given one of them a talent, make no deduction from it. Would ye take it by slandering her, and with manifest wrong
George Sale1734 If ye be desirous to exchange a wife for another wife, and ye have already given one of them a talent; take not away any thing therefrom; Will ye take it by slandering her, and doing her manifest unjustice
Talal Itani2012 And how can you take it back, when you have been intimate with one another, and they have received from you a solid commitment?
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall1930 How can ye take it (back) after one of you hath gone in unto the other, and they have taken a strong pledge from you
Edward Henry Palmer1880 How care ye take it when one of you has gone in unto the other, and they have taken from you a rigid compact
John Medows Rodwell1861 How, moreover, could ye take it, when one of you hath gone in unto the other, and they have received from you a strict bond of union
George Sale1734 And how can ye take it, since the one of you hath gone in unto the other, and they have received from you a firm covenant
These figures count the words the translations share. They measure wording, not meaning, and they do not say which translation is right.
Derived measure: mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the
lowercased word sets of the 5 renderings above —
0.57 on a scale
where 0 means identical wording and 1 means no shared words. It is
computed, not judged.
The page says a verse is worded differently only above the cut below. The cut is a stated convention, not a property of the text, and it can be changed.
The cut
0.644
Share of measured verses above it
33%
Verses above it
2,079
Verses measured
6,236
Talal Itani · John Medows Rodwell0.64
Edward Henry Palmer · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.62
Edward Henry Palmer · John Medows Rodwell0.61
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · John Medows Rodwell0.60
Talal Itani · Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall0.59
Talal Itani · George Sale0.58
Edward Henry Palmer · George Sale0.57
Talal Itani · Edward Henry Palmer0.57
Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall · George Sale0.50
John Medows Rodwell · George Sale0.44
One bar per pair of renderings, longest bar for the pair
sharing fewest words. Every pair is shown; none is singled out.
Method Wording differences — derived 13 September 2026
Method
Mean pairwise Jaccard distance over the lowercased word sets of the cleared translations of each verse. A verse is marked as worded differently when its score falls in the top third of the corpus — the cut set out in Analysis details.
As at
13 September 2026, 10:56 UTC
Gate
verify/divergence_gate.py re-derives and fails on drift
The platform does not say which is right, and does not
characterise what the difference means. The renderings are placed
together so the difference is visible; reading it is the reader's work.
7 sources
stand behind this page. Each is listed once, in the order the page first
cites it, with the licence it was cleared under and what was actually read.
Nothing on this page rests on a source that is not here.
Source Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani) · Uthmani, Version 1.1
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Licence read verbatim from the block embedded in this very file. Ingested exactly as shipped: no normalisation, no stripping of marks, no Unicode recomposition.
Parsed structurally from the EPUB: an h3 names the surah, one p per verse with its number in its own span. An unnumbered p is the basmala and is not a verse, except in surah 1 where the basmala IS verse 1. 112 unnumbered paragraphs were found, which is 114 surahs less surah 1 and surah 9. Text is stored VERBATIM: NFC normalisation and XML entity unescaping only, because CC BY-ND forbids modification.
CLEARED on a licence read first-hand from the translator's own download page, not from an aggregator. Tanzil also hosts this translation, but under a blanket "non-commercial purposes only" term that directs the user to the translator or publisher for permission - a hosting disclaimer, not a grant - so the grant was taken from the licensor directly. The "God" edition was ingested; ClearQuran also publishes an "Allah" edition, differing in how the divine name is rendered, which is not ingested.
CLEARED ON THE WORK, WITH TWO RECORDED CAVEATS ON THIS COPY. (1) Rights basis is the expired copyright term, NOT the redistributing repository's licence. That repository dedicates its contents to the public domain under the Unlicense while also redistributing plainly in-copyright translations (Abdel Haleem, Saheeh International, The Study Quran), so it is dedicating rights it cannot hold and its blanket grant is not relied upon here. (2) The file declares its own upstream as tanzil.net, and Tanzil attaches a non-commercial condition to its TRANSLATION distributions, though not to its Qur'anic text. Since Pickthall's copyright has expired, nobody holds rights in these words and no licence is required from anyone; Tanzil's terms are a contract binding those who download from Tanzil, which we did not. The chain is nonetheless not spotless and Anwar may prefer a clean digitisation of the 1930 printing. NOT VERIFIED: that this digital text matches the 1930 first printing rather than a later revised edition. No page images were collated. Recorded as unverified rather than presented as established. SERVED TEXT DIFFERS FROM THE CITED FILE AT ONE VERSE, 37:97: the file reads "red-hotfire" (a glued token, also in Gutenberg #16955); the served row reads "red-hot fire", restored 2026-09-13 from Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (London: George Allen & Unwin, printed for Alfred A. Knopf; 1930), p. 460, XXXVII 97 - scan archive.org in.ernet.dli.2015.216140, PDF page 475; banked data/derivation-sources/pickthall-1930-dli-2015.216140-text.pdf (sha256 70e81146c97fa3a590243a82e04e349108546074787e2551a78c616202138870) on Anwar Malik's grant.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is not stated by the redistributor and the printing is unverified. No statement of purpose is recorded for Palmer because none was sourced from his own preface in this pass; nothing is asserted on his behalf.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. TWO edition caveats. (1) The upstream is not stated by the redistributor. (2) Rodwell's own edition PRESENTS THE SURAHS IN HIS OWN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, not the mushaf order — he says so in his preface. This digital text is keyed to mushaf order, so it derives from a restored-order printing (such as the Everyman edition) rather than from Rodwell's own arrangement. Which printing is not stated and has not been established.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 verses, keyed to mushaf order. The
bismillah is not fused into ayah 1: 1:1 carries it and no other verse
does. Verified against content check C3 at ingest.
CLEARED ON THE WORK. Term expired by every measure. The digital edition's upstream is NOT STATED by the redistributor, so the printing it represents is unverified; Sale's text was reprinted and re-edited many times between 1734 and 1900. Recorded as unverified rather than assumed to be the first edition.
Hafs/Kufan verse numbering, 6236 ayahs. The bismillah is delivered as a separate `bismillah` attribute on ayah 1 and is NOT fused into the ayah text. 112 surahs carry one: every surah except al-Fatiha, where the bismillah is ayah 1:1 itself, and at-Tawba, which has none. Sourced from the XML output; the plain-text output of the same release DOES fuse it, which is defect D1.
CLEARED. Parallel edition, held in ayah_text_variants. It sits alongside the Uthmani spine for search normalisation and is never used to correct it.