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Surah 5

Al-Maaida

The Table

المائدة

Editorial study · not independently reviewed.

  1. 1Part absent
  2. 2From a layer
  3. 3Absent
  4. 4Part absent
  5. 5Part absent
  6. 6Absent
  7. 7Part absent
  8. 8From a layer
  9. 9From a layer

From a layerPart supplied, part absentAbsent

1

Name and conventional translation

Part absent

Arabic name

المائدة

Source fact

Transliteration

Al-Maaida

Source fact

English name

The Table

Source fact as Tanzil metadata gives it; Tanzil names no translator for it

2

Verse count and position

From a layer

Verses

120

Derived link

Words

2804

Derived link whitespace-separated tokens of the Uthmani text, the rule the morphology layer uses

Position in the mushaf order

5 of 114

Source fact

Position in a revelation ordering

112 of 114

Revelation order as encoded by the Tanzil metadata · Tanzil publishes an "order" value for each surah and documents the field only as "revelation order". It does not name which ordering it encodes, cite a scholar, or reference an edition. We have therefore not established whose ordering this is, and we do not name one. The major orderings disagree about dozens of surahs, so naming the likeliest candidate would be a guess presented as a citation.

Source fact

Place of revelation, as Tanzil classifies it

Medinan

Source fact Tanzil's classification, carried without a named authority

Juzʾ

Juzʾ 6 to 7; a new juzʾ begins at 5:82 (7)

Source fact juzʾ start verses from the banked Tanzil metadata file, digest-checked against its source record

Opening formula (basmala) in this edition

stands before verse 1 and is not numbered

Derived link

3

What the surah says of itself

Absent

4

Major movements and sections

Part absent

Rukūʿ divisions

RukūʿVersesOpens
15:1-5يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ أَوْفُوا۟ …
25:6-11يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ إِذَا …
35:12-19وَلَقَدْ أَخَذَ ٱللَّهُ مِيثَٰقَ …
45:20-26وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوْمِهِۦ …
55:27-34وَٱتْلُ عَلَيْهِمْ نَبَأَ ٱبْنَىْ …
65:35-43يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ ٱتَّقُوا۟ …
75:44-50إِنَّآ أَنزَلْنَا ٱلتَّوْرَىٰةَ فِيهَا …
85:51-56يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا …
95:57-66يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا …
105:67-77يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلرَّسُولُ بَلِّغْ مَآ …
115:78-86لُعِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ مِنۢ …
125:87-93يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا …
4 more
135:94-100يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَيَبْلُوَنَّكُمُ …
145:101-108يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا …
155:109-115يَوْمَ يَجْمَعُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلرُّسُلَ …
165:116-120وَإِذْ قَالَ ٱللَّهُ يَٰعِيسَى …

Source fact rukūʿ start verses from the banked Tanzil metadata file, digest-checked against its source record; each runs to the verse before the next; opening words are the first 4 words of its first verse

5

Repeated words and themes

Part absent

Verses repeated word for word

TimesVerse textAt
2وَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ وَكَذَّبُوا۟ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَآ أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ أَصْحَٰبُ ٱلْجَحِيمِ5:10, 5:86

Derived link verses of this surah whose Uthmani text is byte-identical to another verse of it

Phrases repeated word for word

TimesWordsPhraseVerses
133يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟2, 8, 11, 35, 51, 54, 57, 87, 94-95, 101, 105-106
64يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا2, 51, 57, 87, 95, 101
63بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ44-45, 47-49
53عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ17, 19, 40, 117, 120
44وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ2, 4, 7-8
43ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ3, 34, 39, 98
43مُلْكُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ17-18, 40, 120
38وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ44-45, 47
35كَفَرَ ٱلَّذِينَ قَالُوٓا۟ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ17, 72-73
35وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ17, 19, 40
34تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلْأَنْهَٰرُ12, 85, 119
34مُلْكُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَمَا17-18, 120
11 more phrases
34لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مِنَ46, 48
34أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ64, 67-68
33يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟1, 6, 90
33ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ5, 57
33ٱلْمَسِيحُ ٱبْنُ مَرْيَمَ17, 72, 75
33إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ23, 57, 112
33إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا51, 67, 87
33لَا يَهْدِى ٱلْقَوْمَ51, 67, 108
33قُلْ يَٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ59, 68, 77
33لَبِئْسَ مَا كَانُوا۟62-63, 79
33يَٰعِيسَى ٱبْنَ مَرْيَمَ110, 112, 116

Derived link runs of at least 3 consecutive words, inside one verse, occurring at least 3 times in this surah, kept only where no longer run has the same occurrences; a run that is only ever a whole repeated verse is listed above instead

Roots carried by the most words

2804 words844 with one root, counted189 conflicting roots461 no root recorded1310 not analysed

RootWords, at leastVersesForms in this surah
ق.و.ل3731قَالَ قُلْ يَقُولُونَ وَقَالَ أَقُولَ فَقَالَ فَيَقُولُ قُلْتَ قُلْتُ قُلْتُمْ قِيلَ وَيَقُولُ
ع.ل.م1915ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ أَعْلَمُ عَلِيمٌ عَلَّٰمُ يَعْلَمُ تَعْلَمُ تَعْلَمْ تُعَلِّمُونَهُنَّ عَلَّمْتُكَ عِلْمَ لِيَعْلَمَ وَنَعْلَمَ يَعْلَمُونَ
ر.س.ل1714ٱلرَّسُولِ رَسُولُنَا ٱلرَّسُولُ بِرُسُلِى رَسُولٌ رَسُولِنَا رُسُلًا رُسُلُنَا وَبِرَسُولِى ٱلرَّسُولَ ٱلرُّسُلَ ٱلرُّسُلُ ٱلرُّسُلِ
ك.ف.ر1615كَفَرَ ٱلْكَٰفِرِينَ وَكُفْرًا يَكْفُرْ كَفَّارَةٌ كَفَّٰرَةٌ كَفَّٰرَةُ كَٰفِرِينَ لَكَفَّرْنَا
ق.و.م1513قَوْمٌ قَوْمٍ بِقَوْمٍ قَوَّٰمِينَ قَوْمًا قُمْتُمْ قِيَٰمًا لِقَوْمٍ مَقَامَهُمَا يَقُومَانِ يُقِيمُونَ
ك.ث.ر1413كَثِيرًا أَكْثَرَكُمْ كَثِيرٌ كَثِيرٍ كَثْرَةُ وَكَثِيرٌ
ب.ي.ن1411بَيْنَ بَيْنَهُم يُبَيِّنُ بَيْنَهُمَا بَيْنَنَا نُبَيِّنُ وَبَيْنَ
ل.ه.م1210لَهُمْ وَلَهُمْ
ع.ذ.ب1110عَذَابٌ تُعَذِّبْهُمْ عَذَابًا عَذَابِ وَيُعَذِّبُ يُعَذِّبُ
ل.ك.م109لَكُمْ
ح.ك.م108يَحْكُمُ أَفَحُكْمَ حَكَمْتَ حَكِيمٌ حُكْمًا حُكْمُ وَلْيَحْكُمْ يُحَكِّمُونَكَ
ن.ف.س108أَنفُسُهُمْ نَفْسِى أَنفُسَكُمْ أَنفُسِهِمْ بِٱلنَّفْسِ نَفْسٍ نَفْسِكَ ٱلنَّفْسَ
144 more roots
ب.ع.د99بَعْدَ بَعْدِ بَعْدُ
غ.ف.ر99غَفُورٌ تَغْفِرْ وَيَغْفِرُ يَغْفِرُ
ر.و.د98يُرِيدُ أَرَادَ أُرِيدُ نُرِيدُ يُرِيدُونَ
ش.ي.أ88شَىْءٍ بِشَىْءٍ
ن.و.ر88وَنُورٌ ٱلنَّارِ نَارًا نُورٌ ٱلنَّارُ ٱلنُّورِ
ج.ع.ل87جَعَلَ جَعَلْنَا لَجَعَلَكُمْ لِيَجْعَلَ وَجَعَلَ وَجَعَلْنَا
ن.و.س87ٱلنَّاسَ ٱلنَّاسِ لِلنَّاسِ
أ.ي.د86يَدَيْهِ أَيْدِيَهُمَا وَأَيْدِيكُم يَدَاهُ يَدَكَ يَدُ
ث.م.م86ثُمَّ
ش.ه.د86ٱلشَّٰهِدِينَ بِٱلشَّهَٰدَةِ شَهَٰدَةَ شَهَٰدَةُ شَهَٰدَتِهِمَا شَهِيدًا شَهِيدٌ
ق.ب.ل86قَبْلُ تُقُبِّلَ فَتُقُبِّلَ قَبْلِ قَبْلِهِ يَتَقَبَّلُ يُتَقَبَّلْ
ق.ت.ل86قَتَلَ قَتْلَ لَأَقْتُلَنَّكَ لِأَقْتُلَكَ لِتَقْتُلَنِى يَقْتُلُونَ
ع.م.ل77يَعْمَلُونَ تَعْمَلُونَ عَمَلِ وَعَمِلَ
ف.س.ق77ٱلْفَٰسِقِينَ فَٰسِقُونَ فِسْقٌ لَفَٰسِقُونَ
ك.ل.ل77كُلِّ بِكُلِّ لِكُلٍّ
ن.ع.م77نِعْمَةَ نِعْمَتِى نِعْمَتَ ٱلنَّعَمِ ٱلنَّعِيمِ
ج.م.ع76جَمِيعًا يَجْمَعُ
ح.ب.ب66يُحِبُّ يُحِبُّهُمْ
ر.ب.ب66رَبَّ رَبُّكَ رَبُّنَا وَرَبُّكَ وَٱلرَّبَّٰنِيُّونَ ٱلرَّبَّٰنِيُّونَ
ط.ي.ب66طَيِّبًا ٱلطَّيِّبَٰتُ طَيِّبَٰتِ وَٱلطَّيِّبُ
ك.و.ن66كَانَ تَكُونُ فَتَكُونُ وَنَكُونَ يَكُونُ
و.ح.د66أَحَدًا أَحَدٌ أَحَدِهِمَا وَٰحِدٌ وَٰحِدَةً
ي.و.م66يَوْمِ أَيَّامٍ يَوْمَ يَوْمُ
ح.ل.ل65حِلٌّ أَحَلَّ أُحِلَّتْ حَلَلْتُمْ حَلَٰلًا
ص.ل.ح65ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ صَٰلِحًا وَأَصْلَحَ ٱلصَّٰلِحِينَ
غ.ي.ر65غَيْرَ بِغَيْرِ لِغَيْرِ
ه.د.ي65يَهْدِى وَيَهْدِيهِمْ يَهْتَدُونَ
أ.م.ن55بِٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ مُؤْمِنُونَ نُؤْمِنُ يُؤْمِنُونَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
أ.ن.ج.ل55وَٱلْإِنجِيلَ ٱلْإِنجِيلَ ٱلْإِنجِيلِ
ح.س.ن55ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ أَحْسَنُ حَسَنًا
د.خ.ل55دَخَلْتُمُوهُ دَٰخِلُونَ وَلَأَدْخَلْنَٰهُمْ وَلَأُدْخِلَنَّكُمْ يُدْخِلَنَا
س.ب.ل55ٱلسَّبِيلِ سَبِيلِ سُبُلَ
س.م.و55ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ
ظ.ل.م55ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ لِلظَّٰلِمِينَ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ
ك.ت.ب55كَتَبَ كَتَبْنَا كِتَٰبِ وَكَتَبْنَا وَكِتَٰبٌ
م.ل.ك55مُلْكُ تَمْلِكَ
ص.ي.د54صَيْدُ ٱلصَّيْدِ ٱلصَّيْدَ
ط.ع.م54إِطْعَامُ تُطْعِمُونَ طَعَامُ وَطَعَامُ ٱلطَّعَامَ
ذ.و.ي53ذَوَا بِذَاتِ ذَا ذُو
أ.خ.ذ44أَخَذْنَا أَخَذَ فَخُذُوهُ
ت.ح.ت44تَحْتِهَا تَحْتِ
ج.ن.ن44جَنَّٰتٍ جَنَّٰتٌ جَنَّٰتِ
ح.ر.م44حَرَّمَ حُرِّمَتْ مُحَرَّمَةٌ وَحُرِّمَ
خ.س.ر44خَٰسِرِينَ ٱلْخَٰسِرِينَ
خ.و.ف44يَخَافُونَ أَخَافُ خَوْفٌ
ر.ج.ل44أَرْجُلِهِم رَجُلَانِ وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُم
س.ر.ع44يُسَٰرِعُونَ سَرِيعُ
و.ل.ي44يَتَوَلَّوْنَ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ يَتَوَلَّ
ت.و.ب43تَابَ يَتُوبُ يَتُوبُونَ
ف.س.د43فَسَادًا فَسَادٍ ٱلْمُفْسِدِينَ
و.ج.د43لَتَجِدَنَّ وَجَدْنَا وَلَتَجِدَنَّ يَجِدْ
أ.ذ.ن41بِإِذْنِى
أ.ت.ي33يَأْتُوكَ يَأْتِى يَأْتِىَ
أ.ل.م33أَلِيمٌ
ج.ر.ي33تَجْرِى
خ.ل.د33خَٰلِدِينَ خَٰلِدُونَ
خ.ل.ق33تَخْلُقُ خَلَقَ يَخْلُقُ
س.ح.ت33ٱلسُّحْتَ لِلسُّحْتِ
ش.د.د33شَدِيدُ أَشَدَّ
ص.ح.ب33أَصْحَٰبُ أَصْحَٰبِ
ص.د.ق33تَصَدَّقَ صِدِّيقَةٌ ٱلصَّٰدِقِينَ
ض.ل.ل33ضَلَّ وَأَضَلُّ
ط.و.ع33فَطَوَّعَتْ وَأَطَعْنَا يَسْتَطِيعُ
ع.ب.د33أَتَعْبُدُونَ عِبَادُكَ وَعَبَدَ
ع.ز.ز33عَزِيزٌ أَعِزَّةٍ
ع.ظ.م33عَظِيمٌ
ع.ي.س33بِعِيسَى عِيسَى وَعِيسَى
ف.ل.ح33تُفْلِحُونَ
ق.د.ر33قَدِيرٌ
ق.ر.ب33أَقْرَبَهُم أَقْرَبُ قَرَّبَا
ك.ت.م33تَكْتُمُونَ نَكْتُمُ يَكْتُمُونَ
و.ث.ق33مِيثَٰقَ وَمِيثَٰقَهُ
أ.ث.م32إِثْمًا بِإِثْمِى وَإِثْمِكَ
ب.ش.ر32بَشَرٌ بَشِيرٌ بَشِيرٍ
ب.ع.ض32بَعْضٍ بَعْضِ بِبَعْضِ
ب.ل.غ32بَلَّغْتَ بَلِّغْ بَٰلِغَ
ث.ل.ث32ثَالِثُ ثَلَٰثَةٍ ثَلَٰثَةِ
د.ي.ن32دِينَكُمْ دِينًا
ع.د.ل32عَدْلٍ عَدْلُ
ف.ع.ل32تَفْعَلْ فَعَلُوهُ يَفْعَلُونَ
ل.م.م32لِّمَا
و.ف.ي32فِيهِمْ تَوَفَّيْتَنِى
أ.ب.د22أَبَدًا
أ.س.ي22تَأْسَ
أ.ك.ل22أَكَلَ يَأْكُلَانِ
أ.م.م22أُمَّةً أُمَّةٌ
أ.ن.ن22أَنَّهُمْ وَأَنَّهُمْ
ب.ع.ث22فَبَعَثَ وَبَعَثْنَا
ب.غ.ي22يَبْتَغُونَ يَبْغُونَ
ت.ب.ع22تَتَّبِعْ
ث.م.ن22ثَمَنًا
ج.ر.م22يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ
ج.ه.د22جَهْدَ يُجَٰهِدُونَ
ح.ب.ط22حَبِطَ حَبِطَتْ
ح.ر.ف22يُحَرِّفُونَ
ح.ظ.ظ22حَظًّا
ح.ق.ق22أَحَقُّ بِحَقٍّ
ح.ي.ن22حِينَ
خ.ر.ج22بِخَٰرِجِينَ تُخْرِجُ
خ.ز.ي22خِزْىٌ
خ.ل.ف22تَخْتَلِفُونَ خِلَٰفٍ
د.و.م22دُمْتُ دُمْتُمْ
د.و.ن22دُونِ
ر.ض.ي22رَّضِىَ وَرِضْوَٰنًا
ر.ق.ب22رَقَبَةٍ ٱلرَّقِيبَ
ز.ي.د22وَلَيَزِيدَنَّ
س.ع.ي22وَيَسْعَوْنَ
س.ل.م22مُسْلِمُونَ ٱلسَّلَٰمِ
س.م.ع22سَمِعْنَا ٱلسَّمِيعُ
ش.ط.ن22ٱلشَّيْطَٰنُ ٱلشَّيْطَٰنِ
ش.ك.ر22تَشْكُرُونَ
ش.ه.ر22وَٱلشَّهْرَ ٱلشَّهْرَ
ص.ب.ح22فَأَصْبَحَ
ص.د.د22صَدُّوكُمْ وَيَصُدَّكُمْ
ص.ن.ع22يَصْنَعُونَ
ص.و.م22صِيَامًا فَصِيَامُ
ط.غ.ي22طُغْيَٰنًا
ط.ه.ر22لِيُطَهِّرَكُمْ يُطَهِّرَ
ع.د.و22عَدَٰوَةً يَعْتَدُونَ
ع.ش.ر22عَشَرَ عَشَرَةِ
ع.ف.و22عَفَا
ع.ق.ل22يَعْقِلُونَ
ف.ت.ن22فِتْنَةٌ يَفْتِنُوكَ
ف.ض.ل22فَضْلًا فَضْلُ
ق.س.م22فَيُقْسِمَانِ
ق.ل.ب22قُلُوبُنَا قُلُوبِهِم
ق.ل.ل22قَلِيلًا
ك.ف.ف22فَكَفَّ كَفَفْتُ
م.س.ك.ن22مَسَٰكِينَ
م.ع.ي22مَعَ
ن.ب.ي22وَٱلنَّبِىِّ ٱلنَّبِيُّونَ
ن.د.م22نَٰدِمِينَ ٱلنَّٰدِمِينَ
ن.ز.ل22يُنَزَّلُ يُنَزِّلَ
و.ر.ب22وَرَبَّكُمْ
و.ن.ي22أَنِ وَأَنِ
و.ه.م22وَهُمْ
أ.ن.ف21بِٱلْأَنفِ وَٱلْأَنفَ
س.ر.ق21وَٱلسَّارِقَةُ وَٱلسَّارِقُ
س.ن.ن21بِٱلسِّنِّ وَٱلسِّنَّ
ش.ر.ر21بِشَرٍّ شَرٌّ
ع.ر.ض21أَعْرِضْ تُعْرِضْ
غ.ل.ل21غُلَّتْ مَغْلُولَةٌ
ن.ذ.ر21نَذِيرٍ وَنَذِيرٌ
و.ر.ي21فَأُوَٰرِىَ يُوَٰرِى

Derived link a word counts toward a root only where every analysis Camel Morph kept for it names that one root and no analysis records none; words with no analysis, no root or conflicting roots are not counted anywhere. Roots on at least 2 words.

Not supplied

Words the analyser did not read

1310 of this surah's 2804 words have no analysis, and a further 650 have no single root, so the root counts are minimums. Camel Morph MSA is a Modern Standard Arabic analyser meeting Qur'anic Arabic.

6

People and events named

Absent

7

Common claims the text does not itself establish

Part absent

Provisional stand-in: studies tagged a common misconception that cite this surah

Derived link every current study that carries the common-misconception tag and cites a verse of this surah. That tag is a discovery aid, not a mark that the text does not establish the claim — that mark does not exist yet — so this list is provisional and not a complete account of the claims the text does not establish. The question is quoted; the answer is on the study.

8

Links to related topical studies

From a layer

Current studies citing a verse of this surah

57 current studies

Magic, dreams & the supernatural1

Money, work & economic ethics1

Nature & environmental responsibility1

Questions the Qur'an does not directly answer1

Repentance & spiritual development1

Resurrection, judgment, paradise & hell1

Derived link every study whose current signature cites at least one verse of this surah, grouped by its /studies theme (largest first, ties by name, no theme last) and ordered by first verse cited. A citation is not a statement that the study is about this surah.

9

Source and review status

From a layer

Sources this page draws on

SourceLicenceAttribution notice
Tanzil Qur'an text (Uthmani)
Uthmani, Version 1.1 · cleared
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0Qur'anic text from the Tanzil Project. Copyright (C) 2007-2026 Tanzil Project License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Source: tanzil.net · Updates: tanzil.net/updates/ https://tanzil.net/updates/
Tanzil Qur'an metadata
quran-data.xml v1.0 · cleared
Creative Commons Attribution — version not specified by the sourceSurah metadata from Tanzil Qur'an metadata (quran-data.xml, version 1.0), Tanzil Project, tanzil.net. (C) 2008-2009 Tanzil.info. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution; the source does not state a version. Values are reproduced unchanged; this site selects and arranges them, and derives verse ranges from the division start points. https://tanzil.net/res/text/metadata/quran-data.xml
Camel Morph MSA
v1.0, LREC-COLING 2024 release · cleared
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 InternationalMorphological analyses from Camel Morph MSA (LREC-COLING 2024 release) by Christian Khairallah, Salam Khalifa, Reham Marzouk, Mayar Mohamadein Nassar and Nizar Habash, CAMeL Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi (Khairallah et al., 2024), https://github.com/CAMeL-Lab/camel_morph. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Modified: this site runs the analyser over its Qur'anic text, keeps only analyses whose vocalisation matches the text, removes duplicates and counts the result. https://github.com/CAMeL-Lab/camel_morph

Source fact

Verse restatements signed for this surah

0

Derived link

Signed introduction to this surah

One hundred and twenty verses of covenant and law: what may be eaten, how oaths bind, the rules of pilgrimage, and what a community owes to the agreements it has entered — taking its name from the table of food the disciples ask Jesus to bring down.

AALAMIN Editor · signed 2026-08-29 · Editorial

Editorial